Mihailo Jovanović (metropolitan): Difference between revisions

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== Dismissal and exile ==
Mihailo was active in Serbian politics and sympathized with the [[Liberal Party (Kingdom of Serbia)|Liberal Party]] of [[Jovan Ristić]]. He sharply condemned the [[Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina|occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] by [[Austria-Hungary]] in 1878, as well as the [[Austrophile]] policies of [[Milan I of Serbia|Prince Milan Obrenović]]. Another point of contention was Mihailo's refusal to divorce Milan from his wife, [[Natalie of Serbia|Princess Natalie]].<ref name="Barisic2017">{{cite web |last1=Barišić |first1=Srđan |title=Serbian Orthodox Church and Yugoslavia |url=http://www.yuhistorija.com/culture_religion_txt01c2.html |website=YU Historija |access-date=29 July 2020 |date=2017}}</ref> Because of all this, he fell out of favor with [[Milan Piroćanac]]'s [[Serbian Progressive Party (Kingdom of Serbia)|Progressive]] government and was deposed on 18 October 1881 under the new law on taxes, which the then Minister of Education [[Stojan Novaković]] had enacted and which also affected the Church.{{sfn|Slijepčević|1979|pp=194–196}} The law was amended in 1882, allowing the government to pack the synod with its own lay delegates, whereby the state had effectively taken over the church, reducing it to something akin to a state agency.<ref name="Barisic2017" />{{sfn|Ramet|2003|p=101}} The so-called Church Question ({{lang-sr|Црквено питање}}) eventually led to a drastic cooling of relations between Serbia and Russia.{{sfn|Šemjakin|2003|pp=219–223}}
 
On 11 April 1883, Mihailo left Serbia, headed for [[Istanbul]]. His trip was financed by the Russian consul Alexander Ivanovich Persiani. Shortly after stopping on the Bosphorus, he visited [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. Mihailo spent two months at [[Hilandar]]. He spent time in [[Principality of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], initially in [[Varna, Bulgaria|Varna]], later moving to [[Ruse, Bulgaria|Ruse]]. He was forced to leave most of his stops due to pressure from the Serbian government. In the summer of 1884, Mihailo was allowed to enter Russia, leaving for [[Kiev]] on 28 August, where he again stayed at the [[Kiev Pechersk Lavra|Pechersk Lavra]].{{sfn|Slijepčević|1979|pp=194–196}}{{sfn|Šemjakin|2003|pp=219–223}}
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== Return to Serbia and death ==
When King Milan abdicated in 1889, Mihailo was able to return to Serbia and was reinstated as Metropolitan of Belgrade on 28 May 1889, which he then held until his death.{{sfn|Slijepčević|1979|pp=194–196}} This, in the end, did not reinvigorate the church's power after it had been subordinated by the state.{{sfn|Ramet|2003|p=101}} The new law on ecclesiastical organization promulgated in 1890 affirmed the increased influence of state authorities in the selection of the Metropolitan as well as justices of the ecclesiastical court.<ref name="Petrovich1981">{{cite journal |last1=Petrovich |first1=Miodrag B. |title=A Retreat From Power: The Serbian Orthodox Church and Its Opponents, 1868–1889 |journal=Serbian Studies |date=1981 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=3–14 |url=https://www.academia.edu/4249892 |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=North American Society for Serbian Studies}}</ref>
 
Mihailo remained the Metropolitan of Belgrade until his death in 1898, during the reign of Milan's son King [[Alexander I of Serbia|Alexander I]]. He was buried in Belgrade's Cathedral, the [[St. Michael's Cathedral, Belgrade|Saborna crkva]].{{sfn|Vuković|1996|pp=328–330}}