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==Health==
[[File:Boxer puppy fawn.jpg|thumb|upright|A Boxer puppy]]
A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 11.3 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for [[Mongrel|crossbreeds]].<ref>{{cite journal | last=McMillan | first=Kirsten M. | last2=Bielby | first2=Jon | last3=Williams | first3=Carys L. | last4=Upjohn | first4=Melissa M. | last5=Casey | first5=Rachel A. | last6=Christley | first6=Robert M. | title=Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=14 | issue=1 | date=2024-02-01 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w | page=| pmc=10834484 }}</ref> A 2024 Italian study found a life expectancy of 9 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Roccaro | first=Mariana | last2=Salini | first2=Romolo | last3=Pietra | first3=Marco | last4=Sgorbini | first4=Micaela | last5=Gori | first5=Eleonora | last6=Dondi | first6=Maurizio | last7=Crisi | first7=Paolo E. | last8=Conte | first8=Annamaria | last9=Dalla Villa | first9=Paolo | last10=Podaliri | first10=Michele | last11=Ciaramella | first11=Paolo | last12=Di Palma | first12=Cristina | last13=Passantino | first13=Annamaria | last14=Porciello | first14=Francesco | last15=Gianella | first15=Paola | last16=Guglielmini | first16=Carlo | last17=Alborali | first17=Giovanni L. | last18=Rota Nodari | first18=Sara | last19=Sabatelli | first19=Sonia | last20=Peli | first20=Angelo | title=Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy | journal=Preventive Veterinary Medicine | volume=225 | date=2024 | doi=10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155 | page=106155| doi-access=free }}</ref>
Leading health issues to which Boxers are prone include [[cancer]]s, heart conditions such as [[aortic stenosis]] and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (the so-called "[[Boxer cardiomyopathy]]"),<ref name="UFAW website">{{cite web|url=http://www.ufaw.org.uk/ARRHYTHMOGENICRIGHTVENTRICULARBOXER.php|title=Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy|work=Genetic Welfare Problems of Companion Animals|publisher=Universities Federation for Animal Welfare|location=ufaw.org.uk|access-date=10 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211041635/http://www.ufaw.org.uk/ARRHYTHMOGENICRIGHTVENTRICULARBOXER.php|archive-date=11 February 2015}}</ref> [[Hypothyroidism in dogs|hypothyroidism]], [[Hip dysplasia (canine)|hip dysplasia]], and [[Canine degenerative myelopathy|degenerative myelopathy]] and epilepsy; other conditions that may be seen are [[gastric dilatation volvulus]] (also known as bloat), intestinal problems, and [[allergies]] (although these may be more related to diet than breed).<ref name="BoxerHealth1">{{cite web |url=http://www.americanboxerclub.org/healthtbc.html |title=Boxer Health Information |access-date=2006-09-05 |author=American Boxer Club |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813161444/http://www.americanboxerclub.org/healthtbc.html |archive-date=2006-08-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="BoxerHealth2">{{cite web |url=http://www.americanboxerclub.org/genetic_diseases.html |title=Genetic and Suspect Diseases in the Boxer |access-date=2006-09-05 |author=American Boxer Club |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060915010621/http://www.americanboxerclub.org/genetic_diseases.html |archive-date=2006-09-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Entropion]], a malformation of the eyelid requiring surgical correction, is occasionally seen, and some lines have a tendency toward spondylosis deformans, a fusing of the spine,<ref name="spondylosis">{{cite web |url=http://www.dogstuff.info/spondylosis_deformans_lanting.html |title=Spondylosis Deformans |author=Fred Lanting |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012132536/http://dogstuff.info/spondylosis_deformans_lanting.html |archive-date=2007-10-12 |author-link=Fred Lanting }}</ref> or [[dystocia]].<ref>[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1839103 A survey of dystocia in the Boxer breed]</ref> Other conditions that are less common but occur more often in Boxers than other breeds are histiocytic [[ulcerative colitis]] (sometimes called Boxer colitis), an invasive ''E. coli'' infection,<ref name="HUC">{{cite journal|pmid=19678891 |title=Remission of histiocytic ulcerative colitis in Boxer dogs correlates with eradication of invasive intramucosal Escherichia coli|author= Mansfield, CS|display-authors=1 |year=2009 |last2=James |first2=FE |last3=Craven |first3=M |last4=Davies |first4=DR |last5=O'Hara |first5=AJ|last6=Nicholls|first6=PK|last7=Dogan|first7=B|last8=MacDonough|first8=SP|last9=Simpson|first9=KW|volume=23|issue=5|pages=964–9|doi=10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0363.x|journal=Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |url=https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/564/ |doi-access=free}}</ref> and [[Corneal ulcers in animals|indolent corneal ulcers]], often called Boxer eye ulcers.
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