Wikipedia

List of nicknames of presidents of the United States

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This is a list of United States Presidential nicknames.

Presidential nicknames

This list is written starting with the most recent president (Barack Obama) and ending with the first president (George Washington).

Barack Hussein Obama II

  • Barry, a childhood nickname[1]
  • No Drama Obama[2]

George Walker Bush

William Jefferson Clinton (name at birth: William Jefferson Blythe III)

  • Bubba[5] Common nickname in the Southern US.
  • The Comeback Kid[6] Coined by press after strong second place showing in 1992 New Hampshire primary, following polling slump due to Gennifer Flowers' revelation.
  • The First Black President[7] Used by Toni Morrison in reference to Clinton's noted support from and rapport with African Americans. Now less common usage after Obama's election.
  • Slick Willie[8] Coined by Paul Greenberg, editorial page editor of the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette
  • Teflon Bill[9] Similar to "Teflon Ron" for Ronald Reagan: because none of the scandals afflicting his administration seemed to stick to him personally.

George Herbert Walker Bush

  • 41,[10] Bush the Elder,[11] Papa Bush,[12] and similar names. All nicknames that were used after his son George Walker Bush became the 43rd president, to differentiate between the two.
  • Poppy[13][14] Nickname used by family and friends from childhood on.

Ronald Wilson Reagan

James Earl Carter, Jr.

  • Jimmy[20] First President to use his nickname in an official capacity. He was known as ‘Jimmy Carter’, ‘James Earl Carter’, or ‘James Earl Carter, Jr.’. He was never called ‘James Carter’ or ‘James E. Carter’
  • President Malaise[21] - a reference to his speech on July 15, 1979, where he talked about a "crisis of confidence," and suggested that the US was in decline. Three days after the speech, Carter asked for the resignations of all of his Cabinet officers, and ultimately accepted five. By asking the entire Cabinet, it gave the appearance that the White House was falling apart.

Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. (name at birth: Leslie Lynch King, Jr.)

  • Jerry[22]
  • Mr. Nice Guy[23] Because of his clean-cut and non-partisan image

Richard Milhous Nixon

  • Gloomy Gus[24] Another nickname awarded by his fellow students at Duke University School of Law, referring to his serious nature
  • Iron Butt[25] Law school nickname because he studied so hard
  • The Mad Monk[26] Given to him by White House aide John Ehrlichman.
  • Tricky Dick[27] From a Democratic Party ad saying "Look at 'Tricky Dick' Nixon's Republican Record."

Lyndon Baines Johnson

  • Landslide Lyndon[28] Sarcastic reference to the hotly-disputed 87-vote win that took him to the Senate in 1949 which became more appropriate following his landslide victory in the 1964 presidential election.
  • Light-Bulb Lyndon[29] Nicknamed so because he hated wasting electricity, and would often storm around the White House shutting off unnecessary lights.
  • LBJ[30] He liked to be known by this abbreviation, which was used in the slogan, "All the way with LBJ"
  • Uncle Cornpone[31] Nickname for an older Southern gentleman.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy

  • Jack[32] Kennedy was usually referred to as either "John F. Kennedy" or "Jack Kennedy", only very rarely as "John Kennedy"
  • JFK[33] Most prominent nickname and abbreviation of his full name.
  • The King of Camelot Two weeks after Kennedy’s assassination, his wife, Jacqueline, revealed that the score from the 1960 musical Camelot, had been one of her husband’s favorites to listen to. Parallels were then drawn between the “one brief shining moment” of King Arthur’s reign (in the musical) and the mood of idealism and optimism that had characterized Kennedy’s presidency.[34]

Dwight David Eisenhower (name at birth: David Dwight Eisenhower)

  • Ike[35] Known for being in his campaign slogan "I like Ike"
  • The Kansas Cyclone[36] His football nickname at West Point

Harry S Truman

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

  • FDR[44]
  • That Man in the White House,[45] or That Man[46] used by opponents who refused to say his name.
  • The New Dealer[47] Referring to the Roosevelt Administration's "New Deal for the American people".

Herbert Clark Hoover

  • The Great Engineer and The Great Humanitarian[48] He was a civil engineer of some distinction and when the Mississippi burst its banks in 1927, engulfing thousands of acres of agricultural land, he volunteered his services and did extensive flood control work. The latter nickname would later be used facetiously in reference to his perceived indifference to the hardships faced by his constituents during the Great Depression. However, the nickname dates back to 1921, when the ARA under Hoover saved millions of Russians suffering from famine. "It was such considerations that Walter Lippmann took into account when he wrote of Hoover’s Russian undertaking in the New York World in May 1922: 'probably no other living man could have done nearly so much.'”[49]
  • The Chief[50] This was a nickname picked up at 23 as a geologist surveying in the Australian Outback, but it stuck for the rest of his life.

John Calvin Coolidge, Jr.

  • Cautious Cal[41]
  • Cool Cal[51] His reelection campaign used the slogan, "Keep It Cool With Coolidge"
  • Silent Cal[52][53]
  • The Sphinx of the Potomac[41] Suggesting that he was as enigmatic as the mythological creature

Warren Gamaliel Harding

Thomas Woodrow Wilson

William Howard Taft

Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.

  • The Cyclone Assemblyman[60] Elected to the New York State Assembly at only 23, he campaigned energetically against political corruption and for civil service reform, becoming minority leader within a year
  • The Hero of San Juan Hill[61] He led his Rough Riders up San Juan Hill during the Battle of Santiago de Cuba in 1898
  • The Lion[62]
  • Old Four Eyes[63] He was so myopic that he could only function wearing glasses
  • Theodore the Meddler[64] He was too active and legislative a president for some people's tastes
  • Teddy In the New York Times at least as early as 1900.[65]
  • TR[66] He liked to sign communications this way. The first president to be known by his initials.
  • The Trust Buster So called as a pioneer of trust-busting.[67]

William McKinley, Jr.

  • The Major[68] A reference to his American Civil War rank: used by friends and family rather than publicly
  • The Napoleon of Protection[69] He was keen on protective tariffs
  • The Advance Agent of Prosperity[70] From supporters claiming McKinley's election would serve to remedy the lingering aftereffects of the Depression of 1893.
  • The Idol of Ohio[71]

Benjamin Harrison

  • The Front Porch Campaigner[72] During the 1888 election, he gave nearly ninety speeches from his front porch to crowds gathered in the yard of his Indianapolis home. This nickname has been widely but erroneously attributed to William McKinley
  • The Human Iceberg[73] Although he could warmly engage a crowd with his speeches, he was a very cold fish when you met him one-on-one
  • Kid Gloves Harrison[74] He was prone to skin infection and often wore kid gloves to protect his hands

Stephen Grover Cleveland

  • The Beast of Buffalo[75] Because of false rumors that he was a wife beater, spread by political opponents during the 1888 election
  • The Hangman of Buffalo[76] As Sheriff of Erie County, New York, which has Buffalo as its county seat, he had personally hanged two men
  • His Obstinacy[77] He vetoed more bills than the first 21 presidents combined
  • The Stuffed Prophet[78] and The Elephantine Economist[79] Given to him by hostile newspapers during the 1892 presidential election, by which time his weight had gone up to 250 pounds
  • Uncle Jumbo[80]

Chester Alan Arthur

  • Gentleman Boss, as the dapper leader of New York State's Republican party.[81]
  • Prince Arthur,[82] and The Dude President[82] He was renowned for his fancy attire and indulgence in extravagant luxury
  • Walrus[82] for having strange looking facial hair (mostly touted by children)

James Abram Garfield

  • Boatman Jim, referencing his work on the Ohio canals in his youth.[83]

Rutherford Birchard Hayes

  • Granny Hayes[84] and Queen Victoria in Riding Breeches[85] Hayes did not drink, smoke, or gamble, and, together with his temperance-supporting wife, "Lemonade Lucy", maintained a very strait-laced White House– much to the disgust of some members of Washington society
  • President De Facto, His Fraudulency, Rutherfraud Hayes,[86] Boss Thief, The Great Usurper and Old 8 to 7[87] in response to the disputed election against Tilden.

Ulysses S. Grant (name at birth: Hiram Ulysses Grant)

  • Sam[88] Given to him at West Point because of his 'Uncle Sam' initials
  • Unconditional Surrender Grant[89] His uncompromising demand for unconditional surrender during the Battle of Fort Donelson in 1862 got a lot of favorable publicity. The fact that his initials suggested the words "unconditional surrender" led to it being used as a nickname

Andrew Johnson

  • The Tennessee Tailor He was apprenticed as a young boy to a tailor.[90]

Abraham Lincoln

  • The Ancient One[91] A nickname favored by White House insiders because of his "ancient wisdom"
  • The Great Emancipator[92] and The Liberator[91] For the emancipation of the slaves.
  • Honest Abe[93]
  • The Rail Splitter[93]
  • The Tycoon[94] For the energetic and ambitious conduct of his Civil War administration
  • Uncle Abe[95] Lincoln was a kind and friendly man who in his later years came across as avuncular

James Buchanan, Jr.

  • Ten-Cent Jimmie[96] A reference to his claim during the 1856 election campaign that ten cents a day was enough for a working man to live on

Franklin Pierce

  • The Fainting General[97] A sneering reference by political opponents to an incident during a Mexican War battle when an artillery blast blew the saddle off Pierce's horse and drove the saddle-horn hard into his abdomen, causing him to lose consciousness for a few minutes
  • Young Hickory of the Granite Hills[98] "Young Hickory" compared his military deeds (in the Mexican-American War) with those of Andrew Jackson. "The Granite Hills" were his home state of New Hampshire
  • Handsome Frank[99]

Millard Fillmore

Zachary Taylor

James Knox Polk

  • Napoleon of the Stump[102] Because of his potent oratory during his campaign for the Tennessee state legislature.
  • Polk the Plodder[103]
  • Young Hickory[104] Because he was a particular protégé of "Old Hickory"– Andrew Jackson

John Tyler, Jr.

  • His Accidency[105] Derisive nickname by his opponents (as opposed to "His Excellency", for example), who suggested he could not have achieved the presidency through his own merit, only by accident (succeeding from the Vice Presidency on the death of William Henry Harrison).

William Henry Harrison

  • General Mum[106] As in the expression, "keep it mum". Because of his avoidance of speaking out on controversial issues during his election campaign
  • Tippecanoe or also Old Tippecanoe[107] A reference to Harrison's victory at the 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe. This nickname was used in the campaign song Tippecanoe and Tyler Too during the 1840 Presidential election.
  • Washington of the West[107] A reference to Harrison's victories at the 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe and 1813 Battle of the Thames.

Martin Van Buren

  • The American Talleyrand[108]
  • The Careful Dutchman[109] Van Buren's first language was Dutch.
  • The Enchanter[109]
  • The Great Manager[109]
  • The Little Magician[109] He stood 5'6".
  • Martin Van Ruin[110] Campaign usage by the Whigs promoting William Henry Harrison for President.
  • The Master Spirit[109]
  • Matty Van From "Tippecanoe Songs of 1840"[111]
  • The Mistletoe Politician"[112] "Nourished by the sap of the hickory tree."
  • Old Kinderhook[109] A reference to his birthplace, Kinderhook, New York. Often used in combination with other epithets e.g. "Sage of Kinderhook".
  • The Red Fox (of Kinderhook)[109] A reference to his hair color and political astuteness.

Andrew Jackson

  • The Hero of New Orleans[113]
  • King Andrew[114]
  • Old Hickory[107] Allegedly given to him by his soldiers for being as "tough as old hickory."
  • Sharp Knife[115] Given to him by the Creek Indians whom he fought in 1814

John Quincy Adams

  • Old Man Eloquent or The Abolitionist famed for routinely bringing up the slavery issue against Congressional rules, and for his role later on in the Amistad case. He is the only American President to be elected to the House of Representatives — where he earned his nicknames — after his Presidency.[116]

James Monroe

  • The Era of Good Feelings President[117] "The Era of Good Feelings" was the period following the War of 1812, during which America became less divided politically, to the extent that the only opponents of the ruling Democratic Republicans, the Federalist Party, went out of existence. It was not until resistance to Andrew Jackson's policies produced the Whig Party that oppositional politics resumed in the United States

James Madison, Jr.

  • Little Jemmy[118] or His Little Majesty[118] At only 5' 4", he was the shortest president ever. The average adult male American at the beginning of the 19th century was about 5' 8"– an inch and a half shorter than today

Thomas Jefferson

John Adams, Jr.

  • The Colossus of Debate[124] Given to him by Thomas Jefferson for his ability to argue a political case
  • The Duke of Braintree[125] A sarcastic reference to his grandiose airs
  • King John the Second[126]
  • Old Sink or Swim[127] For the speech in which he vowed "To sink or swim; to live or die; survive or perish with my country"
  • His Rotundity, for being rather overweight.[128]

George Washington

  • The American Cincinnatus[129] Like the famous Roman, he won a war, then became a private citizen instead of seeking power or riches as a reward. He became the first President General of the Society of the Cincinnati, formed by Revolutionary War officers who also "declined offers of power and position to return to his home and plough."[130]
  • The American Fabius[131] For his military strategy during the Revolutionary War
  • The Father of His Country[132][133]
  • The Survivor of the Monongahela The nickname is in reference to his "miraculous" survival of the ill-fated battle of the same name during the Braddock Expedition of the French and Indian War. This nickname was used less after his Revolutionary fame.

GW-NEW NICK NAME

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.newsweek.com/id/128633
  2. ^ "Obama's vetting could chase away candidates". Retrieved 2009-01-22.
  3. ^ Elizabeth Drew [Bush Family Values], The Nation, posted February 12, 2004 (March 1, 2004 issue). Accessed 16 October 2006.
  4. ^ Dubya's nickname could be worse
  5. ^ "RUDY BOPS BUBBA - New York Post". Nypost.com. November 7, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  6. ^ Amy Herstek (2001-01-11). "Clinton thanks New Hampshire for making him the 'Comeback Kid'". CNN. Retrieved 2007-04-29.
    Julian Borger (2004-10-26). "Thinner and frailer, the Comeback Kid puts heart into Kerry's campaign". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 2007-04-29.
  7. ^ "Clinton as the First Black President". The New Yorker. 1998-10-05.
  8. ^ "The Choice '96: Stories of Bill". PBS Frontline. 1996?. Retrieved 2007-04-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ http://www.slate.com/id/3665/device/html30/entry/24006/Slate, Dialogues, Reagan vs. Clinton, Dinesh D’Souza, “My point is that while the media speculate about "Teflon Bill" and "Teflon Ron," there is a world of difference in the motives that guided the two men into the scandals that plagued their administrations”.
  10. ^ "American Experience | George H.W. Bush | PBS". Pbs.org. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  11. ^ "The Skinny: Father Knows Best, Rumsfeld Is Out And Bush The Elder Is In At The News Mags - CBS News". Cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  12. ^ Neuman, Johanna (January 20, 2009), "Bush to Obama: A private letter", Los Angeles Times
  13. ^ Berke, Richard (May 23, 1988), "Million-Dollar Team Keeping Bush Campaign in the Money", New York Times
  14. ^ Brown, Patricia (December 11, 1988), "The First Lady-Elect: What She Is and Isn't", New York Times
  15. ^ CNN.com, Ronald Reagan, 1911–2004. ‘Small Town to Tinseltown’
  16. ^ [1] CNN.com story covering his death
  17. ^ Schroeder, Patricia (June 6, 2004). "Nothing stuck to 'Teflon President'". USA Today. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
  18. ^ ‘The Sydney Morning Herald’, has an article at http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/06/07/1086460230925.html entitled, ‘How Reagan got his Gipper nickname’.
  19. ^ http://www.amazon.com/Camelot-Teflon-President-Presidential-Contributions/dp/0313263930 Review of the book, From Camelot to the Teflon President: Economics and Presidential Popularity Since 1960 (Contributions in Political Science) by David J. Lanoue (Greenwood Press, October 20 1988, ISBN 978-0313263934): “and concluding with a look at Ronald Reagan, who has often been termed the "Teflon President."
  20. ^ High Sidey (1977-12-12}accessdate=2007-04-20). "The Question Now: Who Carter?". {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ Q&A with Steven F. Hayward on Jimmy Carter on National Review Online (http://www.nationalreview.com/interrogatory/hayward200407260700.asp), Jimmy Carter: a bitter irrelevant man (http://www.renewamerica.us/columns/vernon/050802), (http://www.commonconservative.com/parent/parent050.html), The Real Jimmy Carter (http://www.papillonsartpalace.com/rejal.htm)
  22. ^ "Character Above All: Gerald Ford Essay". Retrieved 2009-01-23.
  23. ^ In "The Stranger: Seattle's Only Newspaper" (December 27, 2006), Paul Constant
  24. ^ ‘Spectrum: Home and School Network’ has an article of May 2, 2007 called ‘Richard M. Nixon’ (http://www.incwell.com/Biographies/Presidents/Nixon,RichardM.html) which states that: “While a student at the Duke University Law School, Nixon was given the nickname of “Gloomy Gus” by his classmates because he was always so serious”
  25. ^ The ‘New York Times’ of November 16, 2003 had an article by Ted Widmer entitled ‘The Man in the Mask (http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950CE1D81539F935A25752C1A9659C8B63&n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes+Topics%2FPeople%2FN%2FNixon%2C+Richard+Milhous) which reviewed ‘Nixon’s Shadow: The History of an Image’ by David Greenberg, W.W. Norton & Company, New York, which described young Nixon as “a law student working so hard to better himself that he earned the nickname Iron Butt
  26. ^ The Education Forum: A Forum for Teachers and Educators (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKehrlichman.htm) containing an extract from H. R. Haldeman’s The Ends of Power,. A web page (http://fornits.com/anonanon/my-mud.htm) by Herb Taylor of the Galveston Daily News (Texas), written on November 5, 2000
  27. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/mitchell-tricky.html
  28. ^ 'Lyndon Johnson: Ruthless Senate Leader' by John Grizzi, November 4, 2002[2] Findarticles.com 2002
  29. ^ Presidency project at ucsb
  30. ^ Beschloss, Michael. "Lady Bird Johnson : Documentary Transcript– Part Two". Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 2008-07-02. Three years later, came Luci Baines. Now there were 4 LBJs. The Johnson dog was named Little Beagle Johnson But there was no doubt who the most important LBJ was in that household. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
  31. ^ "Lyndon Baines Johnson, 37th Vice President (1961-1963)". United States Senate. 2006-05-26. Retrieved 2008-07-01. ...the president's young aides, mostly ivy leaguers, snickered about Uncle Cornpone. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
  32. ^ Miller Center for Public Affairs, University of Virginia, Academic Programs, American President: An Online Resource– In-depth information reviewed by prominent scholars on each president and administration, has full biographical information on Polk, (http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/americanpresident/kennedy) including, Nicknames: JFK, Jack
  33. ^ Miller Center for Public Affairs, University of Virginia, Academic Programs, American President: An Online Resource– In-depth information reviewed by prominent scholars on each president and administration, has full biographical information on Polk, (http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/americanpresident/kennedy) including, Nicknames: "FK, Jack
  34. ^ "Camelot: One Brief Shining Moment". Bard.org. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  35. ^ Elizabeth R. Snoke (1990). "Dwight D. Eisenhower: a centennial biography". Command and General Staff College, United States Army. Retrieved 2008-11-03.
  36. ^ ‘All About Ike’ [3] says, “As a star defensive back on the West Point football team, Eisenhower was known as the Kansas Cyclone”
  37. ^ Donovan, Robert J (1996). Conflict & Crisis: The Presidency of Harry S Truman 1945-1948 (Reprint ed.). University of Missouri Press. p. 20. ISBN 082621066X, 9780826210661. Retrieved 8 Mar 2009. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  38. ^ "Harry S Truman". US Presidents' Lives. The Independent. 20 Jan 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-09.
  39. ^ Nevius, C.W. (22 Jan 2004). "Just ask Chelsea, Jenna and Barbara: Escaping the glare of the spotlight isn't easy for kids whose dads work in the Oval Office". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-03-09.
  40. ^ "Presidential Libraries: History Uncovered". C-Span. 3 Aug 2007. Retrieved 2009-03-09.
  41. ^ a b c Baily, Thomas A.; & Kennedy, David M. (1994). The American Pageant (10th ed.). D.C. Heath and Company. ISBN 0-669-33892-3.
  42. ^ "Ambassador' Truman - Free Preview - The New York Times". Select.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  43. ^ "Senate". Harry S. Truman: His Life and Times. www.trumanlibrary.org. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
  44. ^ Miller Center for Public Affairs, University of Virginia, Academic Programs, American President: An Online Resource– In-depth information reviewed by prominent scholars on each president and administration, has full biographical information on Polk, (http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/americanpresident/fdroosevelt) including, “Nickname: "FDR"”
  45. ^ Kearns Goodwin, Doris (December 31, 1999). "Franklin Delano Roosevelt". Time. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  46. ^ Jackson, Robert (2003). John Q Barrett (ed.). That Man: An Insider's Portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195177576.
  47. ^ Fleming ,Thomas J. "The New Dealer's War: FDR and the War Within World War II" (Basic Books, April 10, 2001. ISBN 078-046502)
  48. ^ The U.S. Department of the Interior’s site for the Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region (http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/articles/hhoover.html) says that Hoover, “known early in his career as “The Great Engineer”, was now popularized as “The Great Humanitarian” for his “relief efforts in America’s stricken heartland”.
  49. ^ "Hoover Institution - Hoover Digest - The Big Show in Bololand". Hoover.org. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  50. ^ "The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum". Hoover.archives.gov. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  51. ^ ‘Rebirth of Cool Cal’, December 1998, Reason Magazine, review of two books on Coolidge’s presidency by John Miller (http://www.reason.com/news/printer/30803.html)
  52. ^ Review of Calvin Coolidge (David Greenberg) - H.W. Brands, Washington Post, 21 January 2007
  53. ^ 'Silent Cal' Revisited - Library of Congress, 30 October 1995
  54. ^ http://www.presidentsgraves.com/warren%20g.%20harding%20twenty-ninth%20president.htm
  55. ^ [4][dead link]
  56. ^ ‘Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad’ (http://www.course-notes.org/chptoutlines/apoutlines/chapter32.htm) by M. Pecot summarizes the “Wilsonian Progessivism at Home and Abroad, 1912–1916” chapter of “The American Pageant” by David M. Kennedy, Lizabeth Cohen and Thomas A. Bailey (2002, ISBN 978-0-61810349-2; ISBN 0-61810349-X) and refers to this nickname. ‘Taqrir Washington’ has an article on The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (http://www.taqrir.org/eng/showarticle.cfm?id=128) by Andrew Masloski which also mentions the “Schoolmaster in Politics’ nickname
  57. ^ Renstrom, Peter G. The Taft Court. p. 186. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  58. ^ The Arlington National Cemetery Website page on William Howard Taft provides the full text of his ‘New York Times’ obituary of March 9, 1930, which states that “His standing among his college mates is indicated by the fact that he was known by them while at Yale and forever afterward as "Old Bill" Taft”.
  59. ^ "William Howard Taft". Hoover.archives.gov. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  60. ^ The President Gerald R. Ford Library and Museum online has an article on Theodore Roosevelt (http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/museum/exhibits/TR/light.htm) with states that “At age 23, TR was elected to the State Assembly, its youngest member. He battled political corruption, pushed for civil service reform, became minority leader in a year, and earned the nickname of the Cyclone Assemblyman. “I rose like a rocket,” he later wrote”.
  61. ^ The Amazon.com review (http://www.amazon.com/Teddy-Roosevelt-San-Juan-University/dp/0890967717) of “Teddy Roosevelt at San Juan: The Making of a President” by Peggy and Harold Samuels (Texas a & M University Military History Series, September 1997 ISBN 978-0-89096771-3) by Peggy and Harold Samuels, says that “The authors reexamine the "Hero of San Juan Hill" to find that the heroic legend was manufactured”
  62. ^ Non-Fiction Book Page have a review by Harry Merritt of ‘The Lion's Pride: Theodore Roosevelt and His Family in Peace and War’ by Edward J. Renehan, Jr. (Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195127196) (http://www.bookpage.com/9810bp/nonfiction/lions_pride.html) which says, “Within six months, Roosevelt, "the Lion" was dead”
  63. ^ The official website for the town of Medora, North Dakota has an article on Theodore Roosevelt (http://www.medora.org/History/tr.html) which mentions that “Roosevelt earned the respect of his peers, who eventually dropped the nickname "Old Four Eyes"”
  64. ^ Popularized by journalist James Creelman (1859–1915) who so entitled his article on President Roosevelt in ‘Pearson’s Magazine’ ed. Arthur W. Little (The Pearson Publishing Company; New York, January 1907). This information was found on web pages (http://www.philsp.com/homeville/FMI/t807.htm) and (http://www.philsp.com/homeville/FMI/s438.htm#A15324) . The cover of that edition featured a portrait of T.R. by George Burroughs Torrey
  65. ^ http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9F06E5DD143FE433A2575BC2A9649D946197D6CF&oref=slogin
  66. ^ "The American Experience/TR's Legacy/Environment". Pbs.org. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  67. ^ "Theodore Roosevelt: Icon of the American Century". Retrieved 2009-01-14.
  68. ^ (http://www.military.com/Content/MoreContent?file=ML_mckinley_bkp) Military.com has an article on McKinley by Bethanne Kelly Patrick which states that “By [the Civil] war’s end, he had become a brevet major in the volunteers. For the rest of his life, many called him simply "The Major."”
  69. ^ The Northeast Ohio Journal of History has an article (http://www3.uakron.edu/nojh/issues/spring_2005/reviews/dematteo_01.htm) in its ‘Book Reviews’ section featuring “William McKinley and His America, Revised Edition”, by H. Wayne Morgan (Kent: Kent State University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-87338-765-1.). The review of this book states, “Known to contemporaries as “The Napoleon of Protection,” Representative McKinley was an unabashed champion of high tariffs”.
  70. ^ http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/WilliamMcKinley/
  71. ^ http://www.homeofheroes.com/presidents/25_mckinley.html
  72. ^ The President Benjamin Harrison Home: From White House Studies, 2/22/2001. Author: Moore, Anne (http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-82492373.html) states that “He [Harrison] was called the "front porch campaigner" for giving nearly 90 impromptu speeches from his front door to enthusiastic crowds gathered in his front yard”.
  73. ^ http://fs6.depauw.edu:50080/~jkochanczyk/president/harrison.html “He was known as the "Human Iceberg" because he was stiff and formal when dealing with people”.
  74. ^ http://fs6.depauw.edu:50080/~jkochanczyk/president/harrison.html “The wearing of kid gloves to protect his hands from skin infection earned him the nickname of "Kid Gloves" Harrison”.
  75. ^ “Hail to the Chiefs: Presidential Mischief, Morals, and Malarkey from George W. to George W” by Barbara Holland (Permanent Press, New York, January 1, 2003. ISBN 1-57962081-7. ISBN 978-1-57962081-3) is quoted by an Amazon.com review of the book (http://www.amazon.com/Hail-Chiefs-Presidential-Mischief-Malarkey/dp/1579620817) as writing of Cleveland, "People called him 'the Beast of Buffalo.'
    http://humanitiesweb.org/human.php?s=h&p=c&a=b&ID=214 Humanities Web, History, Grover Cleveland, Biography
  76. ^ http://www.presidentprofiles.com/Grant-Eisenhower/Cleveland-Grover.html Profiles of US Presidents, Grover Cleveland, A Swift Rise to the Presidency, First Presidential Term
  77. ^ ‘Tall, Slim and Erect: Grover Cleveland’ by Alex Forman (http://www.januaryriver.net/presidents/24.html)
  78. ^ http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/cleveland/election.html Grover Cleveland and the 1892 Election, 1997, by Cliff Vaughn, “Courting everyone from eastern capitalists to southerners, Cleveland used the press as a public relations tool. However, he fought an uphill battle since the editors of papers such as the Washington Post and New York Sun derided him on account of his weight, publicly referring to him as "the Stuffed Prophet" and "the elephantine economist"”.)
  79. ^ http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/cleveland/election.html Grover Cleveland and the 1892 Election, 1997, by Cliff Vaughn
  80. ^ American President: An Online Reference Resource
  81. ^ Reeves, Thomas C. (1975). Gentleman Boss. NY, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 418. ISBN 0-394-46095-2. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  82. ^ a b c MSN Encarta, Chester A. Arthur Quick Facts “Chester Arthur was fond of fine clothes and entertainment, earning him the nicknames 'Dude President,' 'Elegant Arthur,' and 'Prince Arthur'”. Archived 2009-11-01.
  83. ^ Boller, Jr., Paul F. (1984). Presidential Campaigns. NY, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 143. ISBN 0-19-503420-1. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  84. ^ “President Hayes did not drink, smoke, or gamble. His critics derisively called him “Granny” Hayes and “Queen Victoria in breeches.”” Search View: Rutherford B. Hayes– MSN Encarta. Archived 2009-11-01.
  85. ^ He was also, inexplicably, referred to as “Queen Victoria in Riding Breeches” in some prominent journals of the time.” The Stanford Daily, February 16 2007, “Hayes: He’s no ‘fraud’ in the art of love’ by Kat Lewin (http://www-daily.stanford.edu/article/2007/2/16/hayesHesNoFraudInTheArtOfLove “President Hayes did not drink, smoke, or gamble. His critics derisively called him “Granny” Hayes and “Queen Victoria in breeches.”” Search View: Rutherford B. Hayes– MSN Encarta. Archived 2009-11-01.
  86. ^ “The public gave him the razzing of a lifetime, calling him mean names like “Rutherfraud” and “President De Facto.””The Stanford Daily, February 16 2007, “Hayes: He’s no ‘fraud’ in the art of love’ by Kat Lewin (http://www-daily.stanford.edu/article/2007/2/16/hayesHesNoFraudInTheArtOfLove)
  87. ^ Boller, Jr., Paul F. (1984). Presidential Campaigns. NY, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 137. ISBN 0-19-503420-1. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  88. ^ “His classmates [at West Point] dubbed him “U.S.”, ”Sam,” and “Uncle Sam” Grant”. Ulysses S. Grant, Encyclopedia Article, MSN Encarta. Archived 2009-11-01.
  89. ^ "unconditional surrender" Grant
  90. ^ Tennessee Tales the Textbooks Don't Tell : Jennie Ivey, Calvin Dickinson, Lisa Rand , The Overmountain Press, 2002 ISBN 1570722358 200 pages page 50
  91. ^ a b http://www.lincolnpresenters.org/Quotes.htm Association of Lincoln Presenters, Lincoln Quotes, “LINCOLN had many nicknames such as Honest Abe, the Railsplitter, the Liberator, the Emancipator, the Ancient One, the Martyr”.
  92. ^ http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v13/v13n5p-4_Morgan.html Journal of Historical Review: The 'Great Emancipator' and the Issue of Race
  93. ^ a b Dr. Paul Boyer, Dr. Sterling Stuckey (2005). American Nation: In the Modern Era. Holt, Rinehart, & Winston. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  94. ^ http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/lincoln/section12.rhtml SparkNotes: Today’s Most Popular Study Guides, Abraham Lincoln Study Guide, 1862-1864 – Part 2 “During a time of war, the executive always plays a stronger role than usual, and Lincoln was no exception to this rule. His uncompromising style as commander- in-chief, coupled with his ambitious domestic program to preserve and further the Union, earned him the nickname of "the tycoon".”
  95. ^ Library of Congress Presents ‘America’s Story from America’s Library’, U.S. Presidents, Abraham Lincoln (http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/presidents/lincoln/humor_2), refers to a song about Lincoln called, “Hey! Uncle Abe, are you joking yet?”
  96. ^ http://www.britannicaindia.com/biographies_newtry.asp?id=238 Encyclopedia Britannica India, Born on this day, James Buchanan April 23 1791 “During the [1856 election] campaign Republican speakers harped on Buchanan's seemingly heartless statement that ten cents a day was adequate pay for a workingman. They jeered him as "Ten-Cent Jimmy."”
  97. ^ Online News Hour, ‘Old Wounds’, August 24, 2004, (http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/politics/july-dec04/vietnam_8-25.html)
  98. ^ This was used in the title of Roy Nichols’ biography, “Franklin Pierce: Young Hickory of the Granite Hills” (American Political Biography Press, August 1993) ISBN 0-94570706-1. ISBN 978-094570706-6)
  99. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=gGiN4kyvAY4C&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq="handsome+frank"+pierce&source=bl&ots=NoEOOiKzo4&sig=51gBrq2PAKZMRS9rTJ5xwqMr0NQ&hl=en&ei=6V6pSvKkF4LYsQOJ-qzyBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5#v=onepage&q=%22handsome%20frank%22%20pierce&f=false
  100. ^ http://www.potus.com/mfillmore.html
  101. ^ Thornton, An American Glossary, Lipincott 1912 v.2 page 627
  102. ^ Humanities Web - James K. Polk Biography
  103. ^ History on NRO Weekend, September 30–October 1 2000: ‘The Veep’s Underwear: Getting nasty on the campaign trail’ by David Kopel of the Independence Institute (http://www.nationalreview.com/weekend/history/history-kopelprint093000.html) mentions that in the face of scurrilous allegations from the Democrats about Whig candidate Henry Clay, the Democratic contender, "Polk the Plodder" had led too dull a life for the Whigs to respond in kind”
  104. ^ Miller Center for Public Affairs, University of Virginia, Academic Programs, American President: An Online Resource– In-depth information reviewed by prominent scholars on each president and administration, has full biographical information on Polk, (http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/americanpresident/polk) including, “Nickname: "Young Hickory"”
  105. ^ http://johntyler.org
  106. ^ ‘Historynet.com: From the World’s Largest History Magazine Publisher’, American History: 1840 U.S. Presidential Campaign by David Johnson (http://www.historynet.com/magazines/american_history/3026611.html) says that, “While the Democrats adopted a platform denouncing federal assumption of state debts, opposing internal improvements, and calling for separation of public money from banking institutions, Weed decided to keep Harrison quiet and emphasize his war-hero record and humble character. The Democrats took aim at Harrison's silence, calling him "General Mum."”
  107. ^ a b c Latham, Edward (1904). A Dictionary of Names, Nicknames and Surnames, of Persons, Places and Things, p.220. G. Routledge & Sons, Ltd.,
  108. ^ Boller, Jr., Paul F. Presidential Diversions. p. 63. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  109. ^ a b c d e f g Widmer, Ted; Widmer, Edward L. (2005). Martin Van Buren: The American Presidents Series. Macmillan. p. 4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  110. ^ "American Experience, The Presidents, Martin Van Buren". Retrieved 2009-01-21.
  111. ^ Norton, The Great Revolution of 1840, 1888 page 74
  112. ^ Wise, Henry Alexander (1876). [Seven Decades of the Union: The Humanities and Materialism. J.B. Lippincott & Co. p. 121.
  113. ^ Boller, Jr., Paul F. (1984). Presidential Campaigns. NY, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 45. ISBN 0-19-503420-1. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  114. ^ Feller, Daniel (January/February 2008). "King Andrew and the Bank". Volume 29, Number 1. Retrieved 2009-01-21. {{cite journal}}: |volume= has extra text (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  115. ^ "hist0528". Nativenewsonline.org. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  116. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=n27rzCedDy8C&pg=PA106&dq=%22john+quincy+adams%22+nickname&lr=#PPA106,M1
  117. ^ Miller Center for Public Affairs, University of Virginia, Academic Programs, American President: An Online Resource– In-depth information reviewed by prominent scholars on each president and administration, has full biographical information on Monroe (http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/americanpresident/monroe) including, his nicknames of the "Era-of-Good-Feelings President"
  118. ^ a b “The enemies of the fourth President of the U.S. called him "little Jemmy," or "his little majesty," or "withered little apple-John."” Time Magazine Online, November 3 1961, ‘Mr. Madison’s War’ (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897919-1,00.html)
  119. ^ Historic Families of Kentucky by Thomas Marshall Green, Cincinnati, 1889, reprinted Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. 1959. pp. 72–76. [Mercer county]. Samuel McDowell of Mercer County, Kentucky
  120. ^ Miller Center for Public Affairs, University of Virginia, Academic Programs, American President: An Online Resource (http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/americanpresident/jefferson)
  121. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica Online shows a political cartoon from 1801 (http://www.britannica.com/eb/art-12069?articleTypeId=1) attacking the Jefferson Administration, which depicts Thomas Jefferson with the Devil, entitled, “Mad Tom in a Rage”.
  122. ^ Langguth, A.J. Union 1812. p. 90. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  123. ^ Dumas Malone (1981). The Sage of Monticello. Little, Brown. ISBN 0316544639. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |subtitle= ignored (help)
  124. ^ Humanities Web, American Founders, John Adams, by John Lord, LLD. (http://humanitiesweb.org/human.php?s=h&p=c&a=b&ID=503) writes that, “Jefferson spoke of him as "the colossus of debate"”.
  125. ^ ‘John Adams Second President’, says “Nickname: Duke of Braintree”
  126. ^ Boller, Jr., Paul F. (1984). Presidential Campaigns. NY, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 44. ISBN 0-19-503420-1. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  127. ^ (http://library.thinkquest.org/4321/j_adams.htm)
  128. ^ "Adams's Friend (and Rival)". Retrieved 2009-01-21.
  129. ^ ‘Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus: The Perfect Leader?’, “It's easy to see why history sometimes refers to George Washington as "the American Cincinnatus". Washington too did great things then went back to his farm”.
  130. ^ "Anderson House History". Societyofthecincinnati.org. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  131. ^ The True George Washington, Soldier, Strategy (http://www.infoplease.com/t/history/true-washington/courage.html) quotes Timothy Pickering as writing, "His great caution in respect to the enemy, acquired him the name of the American Fabius”.
  132. ^ He has gained fame around the world as a quintessential example of a benevolent national founder. Gordon Wood concludes that the greatest act in his life was his resignation as commander of the armies—an act that stunned aristocratic Europe. Gordon Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (1992), pp 105–6; Edmund Morgan, The Genius of George Washington (1980), pp 12–13; Sarah J. Purcell, Sealed With Blood: War, Sacrifice, and Memory in Revolutionary America (2002) p. 97; Don Higginbotham, George Washington (2004); Ellis, 2004. The earliest known image in which Washington is identified as such is on the cover of the circa 1778 Pennsylvania German almanac (Lancaster: Gedruckt bey Francis Bailey).
  133. ^ Rediscovering George Washington - pbs.org
  • Paleta, Lu Ann, and Fred Worth. The World Almanac of Presidential Facts. Pharos Books, 1993.
  • DeGregario, William A. The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents. Barricade Books, 1991.
  • The White House website

Presidential lists

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