Longhai railway

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The Longhai railway (Chinese: 陇海铁路; pinyin: Lǒnghǎi Tiělù), formerly romanized as the Lunghai railway, is a major arterial east–west railway in China. It runs from Lianyungang, Jiangsu, on the Yellow Sea to Lanzhou, Gansu, through the provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, and Gansu, covering a total length of 1,759 kilometres (1,093 mi). The line is named after Gansu, also known as Long () in Chinese and Lianyungang's previous name, Haizhou.[1] The Longhai Line is one of the busiest Chinese railways. It has dual tracks throughout and electrification was completed in 2009.

Longhai railway
陇海铁路
Two HXD1-hauled freight trains meet near Yuanlong station in Tianshui, Gansu
Overview
StatusOperational
Locale People's Republic of China
Termini
Service
TypeHeavy rail
SystemChina Railway China Railway
Operator(s)China Railway Shanghai Group
China Railway Zhengzhou Group
China Railway Xi'an Group
China Railway Lanzhou Group
Technical
Line length1,759 km (1,093 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in)
Stations and structures

km
0
Lianyun
7
Xugou
12
Lianyungang East
19
Yuntaishan
24
Yantuo
33
Lianyungang
47
Baozhuang
56
Baitabu
65
Caopu
73
Donghaixian
82
Shihucun
90
Ehuzhen
100
Xutangzhuang
114
Xinyi
Xinyi West
125
Wayao
137
Caoqiao
143
Paoche
151
Pizhou
161
Zhaodun
168
Nianzhuang
178
Bayiji
188
Daxujia
196
Huangji
206
Damiao
to Xuzhou East
Dahu
Yaochang
Xuzhou South
223
Xuzhou
228
Left arrowBeijing–Shanghai railway to Beijing
Xuzhou North marshaling yard
240
Zhouzhaizi/Xuzhou West
251
Yangtun/Tongshan
Right arrow connection to Beijing-Shanghai line
238
Jiahezhai
241
Shatang
245
Haozhai
257
Yanglou
265
Liudian
272
Huangkou
282
Wenzhuang
292
Lizhuang
299
Fanzhuang
306
Dangshan
325
Zhoulou
334
Xiayixian
341
Lixinji
349
Yuchengxian
358
Zhanggezhuang
Beidongzha
369
Shangqiu
Xieji
404
Ninglingxian
412
Sanzhangsi
421
Minquan
442
Neihuangji
457
Lankao
469
Luowang
486
Xinglongzhuang
500
Kaifeng
509
Xinghuaying
518
Hanzhuangzhen
524
Shaogangji
532
Zhongmu
541
Zhanyang
549
Nansi
558
Putian
568
Putian West
572
Zhengzhou
Zhengzhou North marshalling yard
576
Zhongyuan
Left arrow Huanhe, connecting Zhengzhou Northwest loop
584
Tielu
590
Guandimiao
598
Xingyang
609
Shangjie
620
Mugou
632
Gongyi East
642
Gongyi
648
Heishiguan
659
Yanshi
670
Shouyangshan
681
Baimasi
691
Luoyang East
696
Luoyang
703
Luoyang West
711
Cijian
724
Xin'anxian
733
Nangangcun
738
Tiemen
751
Yima
765
Mianchi
774
Yinghao
784
Guanyintang
787
Yangliandi
797
Miaogou
804
Zhangmao
812
Jiaokou
818
Sanmenxia
830
Zhangjiawan
830
Hejiazhuang
841
Sanmenxia West
848
Wuyuancun
859
Yangdian
871
Lingbao
879
Jiaocun
Wenxiang
892
Gaobai
916
Guxian
932
Yuling
939
Taiyao
948
Tongguan
960
Mengyuan
968
Huashan
974
Taoxia
979
Luofu
985
Liuzhi
991
Lianhuasi
998
Huazhou
1015
Shuyuan
1027
Weinan
1039
Lingkou
1048
Xinfengzhen marshalling yard
Left arrow Xi'an hub north ring railway to Maoling
1056
Lintong
1065
Yaocun
Right arrow Xikang railway to Ankang
1073
Baqiao
1079
Chanba
1083
Xi'an
1087
Lianhu
1091
Sanmincun
1095
Sanqiao
1102
Huangjiazhai
1106
Xianyang
1112
Xianyang West
Left arrow Xi'an hub north ring railway from Xinfengzhen
1117
Maoling
Left arrow Xi'an–Pingliang railway to Pingliang South
1129
Xingping
1142
Maweipo
1156
Wugong
1168
Yangling
1179
Jiangzhang
1190
Meixian East
1203
Meixian
1213
Caijiapo
1223
Yangping
1236
Guozhen
1246
Wolongsi
1252
Baoji East
1256
Baoji
1261
Fulinbao
1276
Guchuan
1286
Pingtou
1298
Yanjiahe
1308
Dongkou
1330
Pingshijiatan
1337
Tashi
1348
Fenggeling
1359
Jianhe
1381
Yuanlong
1395
Boyang
1403
Shetang
1411
Tianshui
1417
Huaishuwan
1422
Yangjiahe
1429
Nanhechuan
1437
Sanyangchuan
1445
Weinanzhen
1456
Xinyangzhen
1469
Weishuiyu
1478
Gangu
1488
Zhuyuxiang
1497
Pan'anzhen
1507
Luomen
1518
Wushan
1527
Hejiadian
1537
Yuanyangzhen
1544
Xiejiapo
1550
Tudianzi
1557
Longxi
1565
Longbei
1576
Yuntianxiang
1582
Dahecha
1590
Gaoyang
1597
Tonganyi
1605
Mahezhen
1614
Hanshuicha
1623
Tangjiabao
1632
Jingjiadian
1641
Dingxi
1652
Chankou
1663
Liangjiaping
1670
Hongzhuang
1678
Lijiaping
1692
Jinjiacun
1701
Gancaodian
1707
Wangjiawan
1716
Xujiatai
1722
Xiaguanying
1736
Luotuoxiang
1745
Sangyuanzi
1754
Lanzhou East
1759
Lanzhou

History

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The Longhai railway was built over the course of half a century by four different governments of China: the Qing dynasty, Beiyang Government, Nationalist Government and the People's Republic.

The first section of the railway, entirely within Henan, from Kaifeng to Luoyang was built from 1905 to 1909 by a venture between the Qing dynasty and a Belgian joint-stock company backed by France and Russia.[1] This line, known as the Bianliang–Luoyang railway, began operation on January 1, 1910.[1]

 
Longhai railway bombarded during World War II.

The line was extended eastward to Xuzhou in 1916 and to Haizhou in 1925 with Dutch financing.[1] In the west, the line was extended to Lingbao, Henan, in 1927 with Belgian financing.[1] After the Northern Expedition, the Nanjing-based Republican government took control of construction and extended the line further west to Tongguan, Shaanxi, in 1931; Xi'an in 1934; Baoji, Shaanxi, in 1936; and Tianshui, Gansu, in 1945.[1]

The railway was the centerpiece of Japanese operations in Henan during the Second Sino-Japanese War, with the Imperial Japanese Army repeatedly attempting to seize the railway in 1938 in the Battle of Northern and Eastern Henan[2] and later during Operation Ichi-go.[3]

Construction of the Tianshui to Lanzhou section, entirely within Gansu, broke ground in May 1946 but was halted by Chinese Civil War, then resumed under the People's Republic in April 1950 and was completed in July 1953.[1] At this time, the entire Longhai railway entered into operation.[1]

 
No. 8 Bridge on the Longhai railway rebuilt by the PLA Rail Corps in 1950.

In the late 1950s through early 1960s, new railways were built from Lanzhou to the west: the Lanxin railway to Xinjiang (later connected to Kazakhstan) and the Lanqing railway to Qinghai (later extended to Tibet).

From 1956 to 1970, the section between Zhengzhou, Henan, and Baoji, Shaanxi, was upgraded to the dual-track line. During the same time, in Henan the line near Sanmenxia was re-routed due to the Sanmenxia Reservoir Project. The Zhengzhou to Shangqiu section was converted to dual-track in 1980.

The railway is a central section in the New Eurasian Land Bridge.

Cities and rail junctions along route

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Jiangsu
Anhui
Henan
Shaanxi
Gansu
 
The Primary stops on the Longhai railway for passenger rail

High-speed rail line parallel to the Longhai

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The Xuzhou–Lanzhou high-speed railway, a high-speed rail line, has been built parallel to the Longhai line. The Zhengzhou–Xi'an section opened in February 2010. The last section of the corridor, the Baoji–Lanzhou high-speed railway was completed on 9 July 2017.

The corridor was extended with the opening in February 2021 of the Lianyungang–Xuzhou high-speed railway, which runs parallel to the Longhai line between Xuzhou and Lianyungang.

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h (Chinese) "西起陇原东到海,回头已是百年身--陇海铁路传略" Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine 2011-04-29
  2. ^ WAR IN CHINA: Setback, Time, June 6, 1938
  3. ^ THE MARCH OF WAR - THE HONAN AND HUNAN CAMPAIGNS (PDF), 1944