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===Sailing===
In [[match race]] and team racing an "[[International Umpire of Sailing|umpire]]" is an on-the-water referee appointed to directly enforce the [[Racing Rules of Sailing]]. An umpire is also used in fleet racing to enforce [[Racing Rules of Sailing|Racing Rule]] 42 which limits the use of kinetics to drive the boat rather than the wind. Umpires are rarely present during sailing races as decisions are normally referred to a [[International Judge of Sailing|jury-style]] protest committee after the race.
==Other uses==
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