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==Types==
Shoot 'em ups are often categorized by
[[Image:Kingball.gif|thumb|right|[[King & Balloon]] is a fixed shooter. The player may only shoot straight up, and can only move from left to right.]]
''Fixed shooters'' consist of levels that can each fit within a single screen. The player's movement is fixed to a single axis of motion, and enemies attack in a single direction (such descending from the top of the screen).<ref>Provo, Frank [http://uk.gamespot.com/wii/action/galaga90/review.html Galaga '90], ''GameSpot'', August 10, 2007, Accessed June 17, 2008</ref> These games are sometimes also called ''gallery shooters''.<ref name="lecture">[http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/classes/cmps080k/Winter07/lectures/shmups.pdf Game Genres: Shmups], Professor Jim Whitehead, January 29, 2007, Accessed June 17, 2008</ref>
In a vertically scrolling shoot 'em up (or "vertical scroller"), the action is viewed from above and scrolls up (or very occasionaly down) the screen. This has the advantage of allowing complex patterns of enemies as well allowing even simple graphics to function convincingly. Vertical scrollers are best suited to arcade machines with tall screens; screens used with home computers or consoles tend to be wider than they are tall and thus less suited to vertical scrolling.<ref name="ysguide"/> The other main type of scrolling shooter is a "horizontal shooter" or "scrolling shooter", in which the action is viewed side-on and scrolls horizontally.<ref name="ysguide"/><ref name="lecture"/><ref>Smith, Rachael, "Sidewize," ''Your Sinclair,'' Oct 1987 (issue 22), p38</ref>
A small numbers of scrolling shooters, such as [[Sega]]'s ''[[Zaxxon]]'', feature an [[isometric]] point of view.<ref name="lecture"/> Others dispense with scrolling altogether: instead, when a player reaches the edge of the screen, a whole new scene appears at once.<ref name="ysguide"/>
{{nihongo|'''Bullet hell'''|弾幕|danmaku|lit. "barrage" or "bullet curtain"}} is a [[shoot 'em up]] in which the entire screen is often almost completely filled with enemy bullets.<ref>Ashcraft, p66</ref> The genre is also known as '''curtain fire,'''<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamesradar.com/wii/castle-of-shikigami-iii/review/castle-of-shikigami-iii/a-20080617161311239012/g-2008041012538549048 | title = Review: Castle of Shikigami III | author = Eric Bratcher | publisher = GamesRadar | date = 2008-06-17 | accessdate = 2008-06-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=18348 | title = Q&A: Capcom's Kujawa On Revisiting Classics, Bullet Hell | publisher = Gamasutra | author = Brandon Sheffield | date = 2008-04-22 | accessdate = 2008-06-30 }}</ref> '''manic shooters'''<ref name="lecture"/> or '''maniac shooters'''.<ref name="ashcraft77">Ashcraft, p77</ref> This style of game originated in the mid-[[1990]]s, and is an offshoot of scrolling shooters.<ref name="ashcraft77"/>▼
[[Image:JAG Tempest 2000.png|thumb|left|''[[Tempest 2000]]'' is a tube shooter.]]
In a "rail shooter" a player is limited to moving around the screen while the game follows a specific track;<ref>Goldstein, Hilary, [http://uk.xbox.ign.com/articles/382/382195p1.html Panzer Dragoon Orta], ''IGN'', January 10, 2003, July 17, 2008</ref> these games feature an "into the screen" viewpoint, with which the action is seen from behind the character.<ref name="ysguide"/><ref>Kalata, Kurt, [http://hg101.classicgaming.gamespy.com/spaceharrier/spaceharrier.htm Space Harrier], ''Hardcore Gaming 101,'' Accessed Feb 14, 2009</ref> The earliest games in the style were termed "tube shooters".<ref>Roper, Chris, [http://uk.psp.ign.com/articles/829/829253p1.html The Games of Atari Classics Evolved: Part 2], ''IGN'', October 22, 2007, Accessed June 17, 2008</ref>
[[Image:Robotron: 2084.png|right|thumb| ''[[Robotron: 2084]]'' is a multidirectional shooter.]]
Some shooters may feature multi-directional movement ("multi-directional shooter") generally with a static screen.<ref>Onyett, Charles, [http://uk.xbox360.ign.com/articles/688/688334p1.html Crystal Quest], ''IGN'', February 13, 2006, Accessed June 17, 2008</ref><ref name ="joystiq">Rea, Jared, [http://www.joystiq.com/2007/08/07/todays-multi-directional-videos-everyday-shooter-and-mutant-stor/ Today's multi-directional videos: Everyday Shooter & Mutant Storm Empire], ''Joystiq'', August 7 2007, Accessed June 17, 2008</ref>
"Run and gun" (or "run 'n' gun") describes a shoot 'em up in which the protagonist fights on foot, perhaps with the ability to jump. Run and gun games may use side scrolling, vertical scrolling or isometric viewpoints and may feature multidirectional movement.<ref name="bloodywolf">Provo, Frank, [http://uk.gamespot.com/wii/action/bloodywolf/review.html?om_act=convert&om_clk=gssummary&tag=summary;review Bloody Wolf], ''GameSpot'', July 7, 2007, Accessed June 17, 2008</ref><ref>Dunham, Jeremy, [http://uk.ps2.ign.com/articles/533/533263p1.html First Look: Alien Hominid], ''IGN'', July 27, 2004, Accessed June 17, 2008</ref><ref>Bielby, Matt, "The YS Complete Guide To Shoot-'em-ups Part II", ''Your Sinclair,'' August 1990 (issue 56), p19</ref>
▲{{nihongo|'''Bullet hell'''|弾幕|danmaku|lit. "barrage" or "bullet curtain"}} is a [[shoot 'em up]] in which the entire screen is often almost completely filled with enemy bullets.<ref>Ashcraft, p66</ref> The genre is also known as '''curtain fire,'''<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamesradar.com/wii/castle-of-shikigami-iii/review/castle-of-shikigami-iii/a-20080617161311239012/g-2008041012538549048 | title = Review: Castle of Shikigami III | author = Eric Bratcher | publisher = GamesRadar | date = 2008-06-17 | accessdate = 2008-06-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=18348 | title = Q&A: Capcom's Kujawa On Revisiting Classics, Bullet Hell | publisher = Gamasutra | author = Brandon Sheffield | date = 2008-04-22 | accessdate = 2008-06-30 }}</ref> '''manic shooters'''<ref name="lecture"/> or '''maniac shooters'''.<ref name="ashcraft77">Ashcraft, p77</ref> This style of game originated in the mid-[[1990]]s, and is an offshoot of scrolling shooters.<ref name="ashcraft77"/>
== History ==
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