Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Derim Hunt (talk | contribs) |
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v1.6.1) |
||
Line 32:
The Second ETR, initially led by [[Elihan Tore]], was founded in November 1944 during the [[Ili Rebellion]] with Soviet support and was based in three northwest districts of Xinjiang.<ref name=Dickens>[http://www.oxuscom.com/sovinxj.htm Mark Dickens, "The Soviets in Xinjiang 1911-1949"] [http://www.academia.edu/398262/The_Soviets_In_Xinjiang Last Accessed 2010-11-14]</ref> Tore disappeared in the Soviet Union in 1946, and another ETR leader, [[Ehmetjan Qasimi]], head of the pro-Soviet Sinkiang Turkic People's National Liberation Committee (STPNLC), reached a political agreement with the [[Nationalist Chinese]] leader [[Zhang Zhizhong]] to form a coalition provincial government in Dihua (present day [[Urumqi]]).<ref>[[#Benson|Benson 1990]]:63, 70</ref> The Second ETR was disbanded in name but the Three Districts retained autonomy.<ref name=Dickens/> Qasimi became the vice-chairman of the coalition government.<ref>[[#Benson|Benson 1990]]:84, 101</ref> In June 1947, the Nationalist Chinese forces clashed with Mongolian and Soviet forces at [[Pei-ta-shan Incident|Beitashan]] in northeastern Xinjiang. In that conflict, Kazakh leader Osman Batur of the ETR repudiated the ETR and defected to join Nationalist Chinese forces in fighting against Soviet-backed Mongolian forces.<ref>[[#Benson|Benson 1990]]:123-27</ref>
On August 19, 1949, [[Mao Zedong]], the leader of the Chinese Communists telegraphed the leaders of the Three Districts, inviting them to attend the Inaugural [[Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference]] to be held in Beijing.<ref name=autogenerated2>(Chinese) [http://www.globalview.cn/ReadNews.asp?NewsID=7548 "历史资料：新疆和平解放"] Accessed 2010-11-08</ref> On August 22, five leaders of the Three Districts, Ehmetjan Qasimi, [[Abdulkerim Abbas]], [[Ishaq Beg Munonov]], [[Luo Zhi]] and [[Delilhan Sugurbayev]] boarded a Soviet plane in Almaty and were headed for Chita but were said to have perished in a mysterious plane accident near Lake Baikal.<ref>Donald H. McMillen, Chinese Communist Power and Policy in Xinjiang, 1949-1977 (Boulder, Colorado:Westview Press, 1979), p. 30</ref> On September 3, three other former ETR leaders including [[Saifuddin Azizi]] arrived in Beijing by train. Azizi learned the news of the airplane crash from the Soviet Ambassador and informed the PRC negotiator [[Deng Liqun]], but the deaths were not publicly announced.<ref name=Starr86/> Azizi and the remaining representatives from the Three Districts agreed to join the People’s Republic of China, which was founded on October 1. The deaths of the other former ETR leaders were not announced until December after the PLA had control of northern Xinjiang and had reorganized the military forces of the Three Districts into the PLA.<ref>[http://www.ceri-sciences-po.org/publica/etude/etude110.pdf Opposition politique, nationalisme et islam chez les Ouïghours du Xinjiang] Rémi Castets</ref>
==Accession of the KMT in Xinjiang==
| |||