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{{Main article|History of the punk subculture}}
[[File:Young punk US-c1984.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Punks in 1984]]
The punk subculture emerged in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States in the mid-1970s. Exactly which region originated punk has long been a matter of controversy within the movement.<ref>{{cite web | author=Marsh, Dave | date=May 1971 | title=Will Success Spoil The Fruit? | work=[[Creem|Creem magazine]] | url=http://creemmagazine.com/ArchivePages/1971_05.html | accessdate=19 November 2006 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212021532/http://www.creemmagazine.com/ArchivePages/1971_05.html | archivedate=12 February 2007 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="TM">{{cite web | author= Moore, Thurston| year= 1996| title=Grabbing Ankles | work=Bomb Magazine| url=http://www.oceanstar.com/patti/intervus/9601bomb.htm | accessdate=19 November 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Robb |first=John |url=http://enjoyment.independent.co.uk/music/features/article324977.ece |title=The birth of punk |work=The Independent |
In the late 1970s, the subculture began to diversify, which led to the proliferation of factions such as [[New wave music|new wave]], [[post-punk]], [[2 Tone]], [[pop punk]], [[hardcore punk]], [[no wave]], [[street punk]] and [[Oi!]]. Hardcore punk, street punk and Oi! sought to do away with the frivolities introduced in the later years of the original punk movement.<ref name="allmusic.com">[[AllMusic]], [{{Allmusic|class=explore|id=style/d204|pure_url=yes}}|Punk]. Retrieved 18 April 2009.</ref> The punk subculture influenced other [[underground music]] scenes such as [[alternative rock]], [[indie music]], [[crossover thrash]] and the extreme subgenres of [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] (mainly [[thrash metal]], [[death metal]], [[speed metal]], and the [[NWOBHM]]).<ref name="allmusic.com"/> A new movement in the United States became visible in the early and mid-1990s that sought to revive the punk movement, doing away with some of the trappings of hardcore.
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Much of the earlier artwork was in black and white, because it was distributed in [[zines]] reproduced at copy shops. Punk art also uses the [[mass production]] aesthetic of [[Andy Warhol]]'s Factory studio. Punk played a hand in the revival of [[stencil]] art, spearheaded by [[Crass]]. The [[Situationist International|Situationists]] also influenced the look of punk art, particularity that of the [[Sex Pistols]]. Punk art often utilises [[collage]], exemplified by the art of [[Dead Kennedys]], Crass, [[Jamie Reid]], and [[Winston Smith (artist)|Winston Smith]]. [[John Holmstrom]] was a punk [[cartoonist]] who created work for the [[Ramones]] and ''[[Punk (magazine)|Punk]]''.
The [[Stuckism]] art movement had its origin in punk, and titled its first major show ''[[The Stuckists Punk Victorian]]'' at the [[Walker Art Gallery]] during the 2004 [[Liverpool Biennial]]. [[Charles Thomson (artist)|Charles Thomson]], co-founder of the group, described punk as "a major breakthrough" in his art.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artistica.co.uk/2006/01/29/interview-with-charles-thomson-of-the-stuckists |title=Modern Art Blog » Blog Archive » Interview with Charles Thomson of the Stuckists |publisher=Artistica |date=29 January 2006 |accessdate=12 February 2010}}</ref>
==Dance==
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Punk has generated a considerable amount of poetry and [[prose]]. Punk has its own [[underground press]] in the form of [[punk zine]]s, which feature news, gossip, cultural criticism, and interviews. Some zines take the form of [[perzine]]s. Important punk zines include ''[[Maximum RocknRoll]]'', ''[[Punk Planet]]'', ''[[No Cure]]'', ''[[Cometbus]]'', ''[[Flipside (fanzine)|Flipside]]'', and ''[[RE/Search|Search & Destroy]]''. Several novels, biographies, autobiographies, and comic books have been written about punk. ''[[Love and Rockets (comics)|Love and Rockets]]'' is a comic with a plot involving the Los Angeles punk scene.
Just as zines played an important role in spreading information in the punk era (e.g. British fanzines like Mark Perry’s ''[[Sniffin Glue]]'' and Shane MacGowan’s ''Bondage''), zines also played an important role in the hardcore scene. In the pre-Internet era, zines enabled readers to learn about bands, shows, clubs, and record labels. Zines typically included reviews of shows and records, interviews with bands, letters to the editor, and advertisements for records and labels. Zines were DIY products, "proudly amateur, usually handmade, and always independent", and during the "’90s, zines were the primary way to stay up on punk and hardcore."<ref name="mobile.avclub.com">{{cite web|last=Heller |first=Jason |url=http://mobile.avclub.com/articles/with-zines-the-90s-punk-scene-had-a-living-history,104206/?mobile=true |title=With zines, the ’90s punk scene had a living history · Fear Of A Punk Decade · The A.V. Club |publisher=Mobile.avclub.com |date=2013-10-15 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> They were the "blogs, comment sections, and social networks of their day."<ref name="mobile.avclub.com"/>
In the American Midwest, the zine ''Touch and Go'' described the regional hardcore scene from 1979 to 1983.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapermagazine.com/print/tesco-vee-touch-and-go-zine |title=Touch and Go: The Complete Hardcore Punk Zine ’79-’83 |publisher=Skyscraper Magazine |date= |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> ''We Got Power'' described the LA scene from 1981 to 1984, and included show reviews of and interviews with such bands as Vancouver's [[D.O.A. (band)|D.O.A.]], the [[Misfits (band)|Misfits]], [[Black Flag (band)|Black Flag]], [[Suicidal Tendencies]] and the [[Circle Jerks]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Margasak |first=Peter |url=http://m.chicagoreader.com/chicago/blogs/Post?basename=80s-punk-zine-we-got-power-still-packs-a-punch&day=19&id=Bleader&month=03&year=2013 |title=80s punk zine We Got Power! still packs a punch | Bleader | Chicago |publisher=M.chicagoreader.com |date=2013-03-19 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> ''My Rules'' was a photo zine that included photos of hardcore shows from across the US. ''In Effect'', which began in 1988, described the New York City scene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ineffecthardcore.com/about-1/ |title=About |publisher=InEffectHardcore.com |date=2014-05-16 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref>
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