ad-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ad"
English
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin ad-. Doublet of at-.
Prefix
editad-
- (no longer productive) Doing, enacting, forming a verb.
- Near, close to, adjacent.
- Towards in direction or movement. (anatomy) Towards the midline of the body.
- (no longer productive) Intensifying, additionally.
- Along, alongside.
- Appending and/or prepending. Adding from either side.
- Modifying.
- Atop or above in position.
Derived terms
editterms derived from doing
terms derived from near
terms derived from towards
terms derived from intensifying
terms derived from along
terms derived from appending
terms derived from atop
Translations
editReferences
edit- “ad-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
- “ad-”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
Anagrams
editCatalan
editPrefix
editad-
Ido
editEtymology
editPrefix form of ad. Also based on Latin ad-.
Prefix
editad-
- to (indicating that to which there is movement, tendency or position, with or without arrival)
Derived terms
editLatin
editAlternative forms
editFor euphony, ad- can assimilate the attached stem's initial consonant, becoming: a- (before sc, sp, st, and sometimes gn), ac- (before c and q), af- (before f), ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, or at-.
Etymology
editFrom the Latin preposition ad (“to, towards”), in turn from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”).
Prefix
editad-
- to
- usually prefixed to verbs, in which cases it often has the effect of intensifying the verbal action
See also
editLushootseed
editPrefix
editad-
Old Irish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Celtic *ad-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include Latin ad and English at.
Prefix
editad-
- to, towards
- in many compounds, it has a purely intensive sense
- augment infix used instead of ro- on verbs whose first prefix is com- and the stressed syllable starts with a consonant
- con·birt (“you conceived”) + ad- → con·abairt (“you have conceived”) (forms of con·beir)
- con·melt (“(s)he rubbed”) + ad- → con·amailt (“(s)he had rubbed”) (forms of con·meil)
- ·coscrad (“not destroyed”) + ad- → ·comscarad (“had not destroyed”) (past subjunctive prototonic forms of con·scara)
- con·gab (“it contained”) + ad- → con·acab (“it had contained”) (forms of con·gaib)
- *·cotla + ad- → ·comthala (subjunctive forms of con·tuili (“to sleep”))
Usage notes
edit- ad-, when used as an augment affix, vanishes in prototonic forms due to syncope. However, its presence may be detected via the different syncope patterns between forms augmented with ad- and those that were not.
- In deuterotonic verbs where ad- is the first prefix and the next sound is /t/, the d in the prefix may be dropped in its spelling.
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Irish: a- (no longer productive)
Mutation
editOld Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ad- (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-ad- |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ad-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Portuguese
editAlternative forms
editPrefix
editad-
- ad- (near; at)
Welsh
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Brythonic *ate-, from Proto-Celtic *ati-.[1] from Proto-Indo-European *éti.[2] Cognate with Cornish as-, English ed-, Latin et (“and”), Sanskrit अति (ati, “over-”).
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editad-
Derived terms
editMutation
editWelsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
ad- | unchanged | unchanged | |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
edit- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 156 i (1)
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 222 i (3)
Ye'kwana
editALIV | ad- |
---|---|
Brazilian standard | ad- |
New Tribes | ad- |
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editad-
- (Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of adh-
Categories:
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English lemmas
- English prefixes
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Anatomy
- English unproductive prefixes
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan prefixes
- Ido terms borrowed from Latin
- Ido terms derived from Latin
- Ido lemmas
- Ido prefixes
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin lemmas
- Latin prefixes
- Lushootseed lemmas
- Lushootseed prefixes
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish prefixes
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese prefixes
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh prefixes
- Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ye'kwana lemmas
- Ye'kwana prefixes
- Cunucunuma River Ye'kwana