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Coordinates: 29°55′N 90°22′W / 29.91°N 90.36°W / 29.91; -90.36
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The [[Louisiana (New France)|Territory of Louisiana]] remained under French rule until 1763, when France ceded Louisiana to Spain after losing the [[Seven Years' War]] to Great Britain. The [[French and Indian War]] was a North American theater of this war. At the beginning of the Spanish colonial period, many Acadians, people of French descent, began arriving in south Louisiana after being expelled by the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] from what is now [[Nova Scotia]] after the British took over French territory in [[Canada]] along with North American territory east of the Mississippi river. The first French Acadian village was established in present-day [[Wallace, Louisiana|Wallace]] in neighboring St. John the Baptist Parish. The [[Germanic]] settlers of the German Coast and French Acadians of what would become [[Acadia]] thrived alongside each another with [[French language|French]] becoming the dominant language. The intermingling between these two groups and influence from additional groups and cultures led to the formation of what was to become Louisiana [[Cajun culture]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://64parishes.org/entry/cajuns|title=Cajuns|website=64 Parishes|access-date=November 21, 2021|language=en}}</ref>
The [[Louisiana (New France)|Territory of Louisiana]] remained under French rule until 1763, when France ceded Louisiana to Spain after losing the [[Seven Years' War]] to Great Britain. The [[French and Indian War]] was a North American theater of this war. At the beginning of the Spanish colonial period, many Acadians, people of French descent, began arriving in south Louisiana after being expelled by the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] from what is now [[Nova Scotia]] after the British took over French territory in [[Canada]] along with North American territory east of the Mississippi river. The first French Acadian village was established in present-day [[Wallace, Louisiana|Wallace]] in neighboring St. John the Baptist Parish. The [[Germanic]] settlers of the German Coast and French Acadians of what would become [[Acadia]] thrived alongside each another with [[French language|French]] becoming the dominant language. The intermingling between these two groups and influence from additional groups and cultures led to the formation of what was to become Louisiana [[Cajun culture]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://64parishes.org/entry/cajuns|title=Cajuns|website=64 Parishes|access-date=November 21, 2021|language=en}}</ref>


The early 18th century settlers in the area received land grants from the Spanish or French royal governments, depending upon which country ruled the territory at the time of application. The French style of property allotments was made up of narrow frontage on the river so that each [[Plantation complexes in the Southern United States|plantation]] had access to high ground for ground transportation of goods to and from New Orleans and world markets in addition to transportation by boat on bayous and lakes and also via the Mississippi River. The main house and supporting outbuildings were constructed near the river. The remaining property extended away from the river into the wetlands, where land was cleared for cultivation of [[sugar cane]] and [[Indigo dye|indigo]]. Homes still existing in St. Charles Parish include [[Destrehan Plantation]], [[Homeplace Plantation House]], and [[Ormond Plantation House]]. [[Labranche Plantation Dependency|Labranche Plantation]] no longer exists, but the Creole dependency house, typically used for young bachelors and known in French as a garconnière still exists,
The early 18th century settlers in the area received land grants from the Spanish or French royal governments, depending upon which country ruled the territory at the time of application. The French style of property allotments was made up of narrow frontage on the river so that each [[Plantation complexes in the Southern United States|plantation]] had access to high ground for ground transportation of goods to and from New Orleans and world markets in addition to transportation by boat on bayous and lakes and also via the Mississippi River. The main house and supporting outbuildings were constructed near the river. The remaining property extended away from the river into the wetlands, where land was cleared for cultivation of [[sugar cane]] and [[Indigo dye|indigo]]. Homes still existing in St. Charles Parish include [[Destrehan Plantation]], [[Homeplace Plantation House]], and [[Ormond Plantation House]]. [[ Plantation Dependency|Labranche Plantation]] no longer exists, but the Creole dependency house, known in French as a garconnière still exists,


===19th Century===
===19th Century===

Revision as of 10:34, 27 August 2022

St. Charles Parish
Parish
Parish of St. Charles
Hale Boggs Memorial Bridge
Hale Boggs Memorial Bridge
Map of Louisiana highlighting St. Charles Parish
Location within the U.S. state of Louisiana
Map of the United States highlighting Louisiana
Louisiana's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 29°55′N 90°22′W / 29.91°N 90.36°W / 29.91; -90.36
Country United States
State Louisiana
Founded1807
Named forSt. Charles
SeatHahnville
Largest communityLuling
Area
 • Total411 sq mi (1,060 km2)
 • Land279 sq mi (720 km2)
 • Water132 sq mi (340 km2)  32%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total52,549
 • Density188.35/sq mi (72.72/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional districts2nd, 6th
Websitewww.stcharlesgov.net

St. Charles Parish (French: Paroisse de Saint-Charles) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. At the 2020 census, its population was 52,549.[1] The parish seat is Hahnville and the most populous community is Luling.[2]

The parish was established in 1807, following the Louisiana Purchase by the United States in 1803.[3] It was originally part of the German Coast, an area along the east bank of the Mississippi River that was settled by numerous German pioneers in the 1720s. This was historically an area of sugarcane plantations, but the energy industry is now the economic base of the parish. St. Charles Parish is split by the Mississippi River and includes territory on both sides of the river.

St. Charles Parish is included in the New Orleans-Metairie metropolitan statistical area.

History

17th Century

In 1682, French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle traveled the entire length of the Mississippi River and as his expedition passed what is present-day Hahnville on the west bank; they encountered indigenous Quinipissa villagers.[4] In 1699, Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, along with his younger brother, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville returned to the area claiming it for France.[5] They found an indigenous Bayagoula settlement near the river’s intersection with a tributary at a site named L’Anse aux Outardes or Bustard’s Cove in present-day New Sarpy on the east bank of the Mississippi River.[5] It was discovered that the Quinapissa had joined the indigenous Mougoulacha and they later moved to the east bank of the river to form one village with the Bayougoula near L’Anse aux Outardes.[5]

18th Century

In 1721, John Law and the Company of the Indies settled Germans along the west bank of the Mississippi River, north of Ouachas Lake.[6] This area of the Germans was called les Allemands or the Germans.[7] In January 1722, French Governor Bienville issued an order for boats to transport recently arrived German-speaking Swedish settler Charles Frédérique d'Arensbourg, born Karl Friedrich von Arensburg, along with German-speaking Swiss and Alsatian settlers to the already established villages of Hoffen, Marienthal, and Augsburg on the west bank of the river.[8] d'Arensbourg’s land grant concession on the west bank of the river near present-day Taft, Louisiana, was named Karlstein in his honor.[8] Les Allemands would come to be known as Côté des Allemands or German Coast and is located in present-day St. Charles and St. John the Baptist Parishes.[6][8] The German Coast Settlement established in 1722 was the third permanent settlement in what is now the state of Louisiana, after Natchitoches (1714) and New Orleans (1718).

Also in 1722, hurricanes devastated the German Coast and many Germans considered leaving.[9] In order to prevent this exodus, Governor Bienville decided to grant lands to the Germans on the west bank in addition the east bank of the river.[9] Later in 1722 and 1723, some French and German settlers along with newly arrived Canadians moved across the Mississippi River to establish the first east bank settlement at L’Anse aux Outardes or Bustard’s Cove.[9] The tributary at this site connected the Mississippi River to Lake Pontchartrain via a previously discovered system of waterways through the LaBranche Wetlands.[9] The granting of lands in 1722 and 1723, led to the founding of the Second German Coast in 1730 and the establishment of officially having settlements on both banks of the Mississippi River.[9]

The ecclesiastical parish and chapel, La Paroisse de St. Jean des Allemands, was founded in 1723 in Karlstein.[10][11] In 1740, the ecclesiastical parish and chapel relocated to the present-day site of the church in Destrehan, Louisiana on the east bank of the Mississippi River.[12] A log cabin structure was built and both the ecclesiastical parish and chapel were renamed St. Charles in honor of St. Charles Borromeo.[12]

The Territory of Louisiana remained under French rule until 1763, when France ceded Louisiana to Spain after losing the Seven Years' War to Great Britain. The French and Indian War was a North American theater of this war. At the beginning of the Spanish colonial period, many Acadians, people of French descent, began arriving in south Louisiana after being expelled by the British from what is now Nova Scotia after the British took over French territory in Canada along with North American territory east of the Mississippi river. The first French Acadian village was established in present-day Wallace in neighboring St. John the Baptist Parish. The Germanic settlers of the German Coast and French Acadians of what would become Acadia thrived alongside each another with French becoming the dominant language. The intermingling between these two groups and influence from additional groups and cultures led to the formation of what was to become Louisiana Cajun culture.[13]

The early 18th century settlers in the area received land grants from the Spanish or French royal governments, depending upon which country ruled the territory at the time of application. The French style of property allotments was made up of narrow frontage on the river so that each plantation had access to high ground for ground transportation of goods to and from New Orleans and world markets in addition to transportation by boat on bayous and lakes and also via the Mississippi River. The main house and supporting outbuildings were constructed near the river. The remaining property extended away from the river into the wetlands, where land was cleared for cultivation of sugar cane and indigo. Homes still existing in St. Charles Parish include Destrehan Plantation, Dorvin House, Homeplace Plantation House, and Ormond Plantation House. Labranche Plantation no longer exists, but the Creole dependency house, known in French as a garconnière still exists.[14]

19th Century

Following the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the Territory of Orleans was established in 1804 and the following year on April 10, 1805, it was divided into twelve counties with one of them being the County of the German Coast.[15] The first courthouse was established in 1804, in a community then known as “St. Charles Courthouse".[16] The town was later renamed Hahnville and became the parish seat.[16]

In 1806, the log cabin St. Charles Chapel burned.[12] That same year, a wood-framed church painted red was built at the site of the former chapel.[17] The church became known as the "Little Red Church".[17] It was a famous riverboat landmark where boat captains traditionally paid off their crews.

In 1807, St. Charles Parish was "officially" established.[18] In 1811, part of the German Coast uprising took place in St. Charles Parish.[19]

In 1850, the first two public schools in St. Charles Parish opened.[20]

During the American Civil War, three skirmishes took place in St. Charles Parish. They were the "Battle of Hahnville Courthouse", "Skirmish of Boutte Station" and the "Battle of Des Allemands".[21] Louisiana and therefore St. Charles Parish were part of the Fifth Military District during the Reconstruction period from 1865 to 1877.[22]

Towards the end of 19th century, ferry regulation throughout the parish would now be implemented with parish oversight.[23]

20th Century

Industry came to St. Charles Parish in the early 20th century as the energy industry moved to the east bank of the parish to access the Mississippi River, rail and air services.[24] In 1914, land in Destrehan was sold to the Mexican Petroleum Company, which began operating an oil refinery in 1918, marking the first appearance of heavy industry in the parish.[24] In 1916, the New Orleans Refinery Company purchased land in what was then Sellers; eventually changing the name of the town to Norco.[24] Additional industrial facilities in the energy industry or supporting the industry were built in New Sarpy, Good Hope, and St. Rose.[24]

In 1924, the first public high schools in the parish opened.[25] Destrehan High School opened on the east bank and Hahnville High School opened on the west bank of the parish.[25]

Between 1929 and 1931, the Bonnet Carré Spillway, a flood control structure was built and allows floodwaters from the Mississippi River to flow into Lake Pontchartrain.[26]

The first appearance of industry on the west bank came in 1952 when the Lion Oil Company began construction of their facility in Luling.[27] The 1960's saw a new industry come to St. Charles Parish as grain elevators were built in Ama and Destrehan and chemical plants were built in Taft.[27]

In 1971, the Louisiana State Legislature officially recognized 22 Louisiana parishes, including St. Charles Parish, and "other parishes of similar cultural environment" for their "strong French Acadian cultural aspects" (House Concurrent Resolution No. 496, June 6, 1971, authored by Carl W. Bauer of St. Mary Parish), and made the "Heart of Acadiana" the official name of the region. The public, however, prefers the one-word place name Acadiana to refer to the region.[28] The official term appears on regional maps and highway markers.

On October 20, 1976, the MV George Prince ferry disaster occurred on the Mississippi River.[29] The Luling–Destrehan Ferry George Prince was struck by the Norwegian tanker SS Frosta. Ninety-six passengers and crew were aboard the ferry when it was struck, and seventy-eight perished.[30][31][32] On October 6, 1983, seven-years after the ferry disaster, the Hale Boggs Memorial Bridge opened.[33] The bridge, originally named the Luling–Destrehan Bridge, connected the east bank and west bank of the parish by bridge for the first time. 1983 also saw the end of ferry service in the parish, marking the first time since the 1800's this service was not available.[34]

In 1985, Louisiana Power and Light began operation of the Waterford Nuclear Generating Station on Charles Frédérique d'Arensbourg's original land grant of Karlstein.[35]

21st century

On August 29, 2021, St. Charles Parish was devastated by Hurricane Ida. Parish President Matthew Jewel stated that "Nearly every structure in the parish has damage ranging from cosmetic damage to a total collapse of a home or building."[36]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the parish has a total area of 411 square miles (1,060 km2), of which 279 square miles (720 km2) is land and 132 square miles (340 km2) (32%) is water.[37]

Adjacent parishes

Communities

Map of St. Charles Parish, with municipal labels

Census-designated places

Census-designated places - Ghost towns

incorporated communities

‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent parish or parishes

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18103,291—
18203,86217.4%
18305,14733.3%
18404,700−8.7%
18505,1208.9%
18605,2973.5%
18704,867−8.1%
18807,16147.1%
18907,7378.0%
19009,07217.3%
191011,20723.5%
19208,586−23.4%
193012,11141.1%
194012,3211.7%
195013,3638.5%
196021,21958.8%
197029,55039.3%
198037,25926.1%
199042,43713.9%
200048,07213.3%
201052,7809.8%
202052,549−0.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[38]
1790–1960[39] 1900–1990[40]
1990–2000[41] 2010–2013[42]
St. Charles Parish racial composition as of 2020[44]
Race Number Percentage
White (non-Hispanic) 32,708 62.24%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 13,024 24.78%
Native American 215 0.41%
Asian 555 1.06%
Pacific Islander 20 0.04%
Other/Mixed 1,886 3.59%
Hispanic or Latino 4,141 7.88%

At the 2020 United States census, there were 52,549 people, 19,212 households, and 14,463 families residing in the parish. At the 2019 American Community Survey, there were 52,773 people and 19,212 households in the parish.[45] Of the population, 7.1% spoke another language other than English at home; the second most spoken language in the parish was Spanish.

In 2019, the racial and ethnic makeup of St. Charles was 69.2% non-Hispanic white, 26.6% Black and African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.0% Asian alone, 1.7% some other race, and 1.0% two or more races. Hispanic and Latin Americans of any race made up 6.1% of the population.[45] An estimated 3.3% of the population were foreign-born. In 2020, its makeup was 62.24% non-Hispanic white, 24.78% Black or African American, 0.41% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.06% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.59% two or more races or of some other race, and 7.88% Hispanic or Latin American of any race.[44]

The median age was 37.9, and 6.2% of the parish was aged 5 and under. Of the 19,212 households in 2019, there were 20,710 housing units spread throughout the parish, and 4,349 corporations.[45] Approximately 80.7% of the parish lived in owner-occupied units, and the median housing value was $207,700. The median gross rent was $978. St. Charles had a median household income of $69,019 and 15.1% lived at or below the poverty line. Among the population, males had a median income of $43,589 versus $43,022 for females, closing the gender pay gap.[45]

Education

St. Charles Parish Public Schools operates public schools.

It is in the service area of Delgado Community College.[46]

Government

St. Charles Parish is governed by an executive branch and legislative branch. The executive branch is headed by the elected Parish President; currently Matthew Jewell.

The legislative branch consists of an elected nine-member council. The parish is divided into seven single-member districts, each of which is represented by an elected district council member. In addition, two at-large seats are elected on a parish-wide basis. The at-large seats are divided into an "A" seat and a "B" seat. The "A" seat representative must be a resident of the parish's east bank while the "B" seat must be held by a resident of the west bank.[47] The last parish council election was in October / November 2019.

Members of the St. Charles Parish Council as of January 2020:

District Council Member
At-Large Division "A" Wendy Benedetto
At-Large Division "B" Holly Fonseca
1 La Sandra Darensbourg Gordon
2 Mary K. Clulee
3 Dick Gibbs
4 Nicky Dufrene
5 Marilyn B. Bellock
6 Bob Fisher
7 Julia Fisher-Perrier

Politics

Presidential elections results
Presidential elections results[48]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2020 63.9% 18,233 34.4% 9,800 1.7% 484
2016 63.5% 16,621 32.7% 8,559 3.9% 1,012
2012 62.9% 15,937 35.1% 8,896 2.0% 500
2008 64.8% 16,457 33.6% 8,522 1.7% 418
2004 61.9% 14,747 37.2% 8,856 1.0% 234
2000 55.7% 11,981 41.5% 8,918 2.8% 611
1996 43.6% 9,316 49.6% 10,612 6.9% 1,465
1992 43.9% 9,158 42.2% 8,810 13.9% 2,909
1988 53.8% 9,685 44.3% 7,973 1.9% 337
1984 59.6% 10,185 39.7% 6,784 0.7% 113
1980 44.8% 6,779 52.2% 7,898 3.0% 446
1976 37.1% 4,270 59.7% 6,872 3.2% 363
1972 60.4% 5,469 30.8% 2,788 8.8% 795
1968 18.4% 1,675 33.6% 3,070 48.0% 4,383
1964 34.8% 2,715 65.2% 5,085
1960 20.9% 1,377 71.3% 4,708 7.8% 517
1956 57.9% 2,417 40.0% 1,671 2.1% 89
1952 28.8% 1,086 71.2% 2,679
1948 11.9% 286 37.9% 914 50.2% 1,210
1944 8.2% 174 91.8% 1,945
1940 9.0% 153 91.0% 1,550
1936 6.0% 96 94.0% 1,503
1932 5.7% 86 94.1% 1,429 0.3% 4
1928 8.8% 108 91.2% 1,116
1924 21.3% 132 78.7% 488
1920 33.5% 92 66.6% 183
1916 9.1% 30 90.0% 297 0.9% 3
1912 13.3% 28 74.8% 157 11.9% 25

Healthcare and Emergency Medical Services

Hospitals

Law

Law enforcement

Transportation

Airports

Highways and roads

Interstates

Major highways

Major vehicular bridges

Railroads

Rail

Major railroad bridges

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ "QuickFacts: St. Charles Parish, Louisiana". U.S. Census Bureau.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ "St. Charles Parish". Center for Cultural and Eco-Tourism. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
  4. ^ "Exploration and Discovery (1542-1647)". scphistory.org/. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  5. ^ a b c "Pieree le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville". scphistory.org/. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  6. ^ a b "John Law". acadian-cajun.com. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  7. ^ "les Allemands". scphistory.org/. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  8. ^ a b c "Karl Fredrick Darensbourg & Early Villages". scphistory.org. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Bustard's Cove – L'Anse aux Outardes". scphistory.org/. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  10. ^ Becnel, Joan; Friloux, Suzanne; Richoux, Marilyn. Cordry, Anne (ed.). St. Charles Parish Louisiana [A Pictorial History]. Virginia Beach, VA: Donning Company Publishers. p. 26. ISBN 1578646383. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
  11. ^ "Church History – St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church". May 22, 2005. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  12. ^ a b c Becnel, Joan; Friloux, Suzanne; Richoux, Marilyn. Cordry, Anne (ed.). St. Charles Parish Louisiana [A Pictorial History]. Virginia Beach, VA: Donning Company Publishers. p. 30. ISBN 1578646383. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
  13. ^ "Cajuns". 64 Parishes. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  14. ^ "LaBranche Plantation Dependency". nps.gov. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  15. ^ "County of the German Coast". scphistory.org. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  16. ^ a b "Hahnville Town History". scphistory.org. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  17. ^ a b Becnel, Joan; Friloux, Suzanne; Richoux, Marilyn. Cordry, Anne (ed.). St. Charles Parish Louisiana [A Pictorial History]. Virginia Beach, VA: Donning Company Publishers. p. 62. ISBN 1578646383. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
  18. ^ "The Birth of St. Charles Parish (1807)". scphistory.org. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  19. ^ "'American Rising': When Slaves Attacked New Orleans". NPR. January 16, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
  20. ^ "St. Charles Parish Public Schools Part 1: 1803–1900". scphistory.org. p. 4. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  21. ^ "Three Major Skirmishes Took Place in St. Charles Parish". scphistory.org. Retrieved August 27, 2022. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  22. ^ "Landmark Legislation: The Reconstruction Act of 1867". United States Senate. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  23. ^ "Parish Ferries". scphistory.org. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  24. ^ a b c d "Industrial Growth on the East Bank". scphistory.org. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  25. ^ a b "St. Charles Parish Public Schools Part 2: 1901–1950". scphistory.org. p. 19. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
  26. ^ Thibodeaux, Anna (December 26, 2017). "Parish's 'Hidden Jewel' Makes History". St. Charles Herald-Guide. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
  27. ^ a b . scphistory.org https://scphistory.org/plantations-to-petroleum-westbank-eastbank-expansion/. Retrieved August 27, 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  28. ^ Shane K. Bernard, The Cajuns: Americanization of a People (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2003), p. 80.
  29. ^ "George Prince Ferry Disaster". stcharlesparish-la.gov. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
  30. ^ "Ferries of Louisiana: Mv George Prince Ferry Disaster". Alibris. Retrieved February 20, 2013.
  31. ^ "Worst ferry disaster in U.S. history". St Charles Herald. Retrieved February 20, 2013.
  32. ^ "30 years ago: 78 die in worst ferry disaster in U.S. history". Google. Retrieved February 20, 2013.
  33. ^ Weeks III, John A. "I-310 Hale Boggs Memorial Bridge". John A. Weeks III. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  34. ^ "Ferry Service Ends-1983". scphistory.org. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  35. ^ "Sugar Cane to Nuclear Power — Waterford". scphistory.org. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  36. ^ St. Charles Parish President: Nearly every structure has damage after Hurricane Ida, retrieved November 15, 2021
  37. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
  38. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
  39. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
  40. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
  41. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
  42. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
  43. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved October 27, 2019.
  44. ^ a b "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  45. ^ a b c d "Geography Profile: St. Charles Parish, Louisiana". data.census.gov. Retrieved August 2, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  46. ^ "Our Colleges". Louisiana's Technical and Community Colleges. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  47. ^ "Four vie for two seats on Council". NOLA.com. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
  48. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  49. ^ "Sen. Joel T. Chaisson, II". louisianagovernmentalstudies.com. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
  50. ^ a b Bryant, Howard. "'Dirty-Dirty' Landry: Just What the Redskins Need". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  51. ^ "Mary Sparacello, St. Charles Parish-based 56th Louisiana House district draws trio of hopefuls, September 28, 2011". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved August 26, 2013.

Government

Geology

Hydrology

29°55′N 90°22′W / 29.91°N 90.36°W / 29.91; -90.36

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