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A silver trophy in the shape of an American football—an elliptical shape with pointed ends—standing on a pedestal of the same metal.
The winning Super Bowl team receives the Vince Lombardi Trophy.

The Super Bowl is an annual American football game that determines the champion of the National Football League (NFL). The contest is held in an American city that is chosen three to four years beforehand,[1] usually in warm-weather or domed sites.[2] Since 1971, the winner of the American Football Conference (AFC) Championship Game has faced the winner of the National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game in the culmination of the NFL playoffs. Before the 1970 merger between the American Football League (AFL) and the National Football League (NFL), the two leagues met in a World Championship Game and Super Bowl III in 1969 was the first Super Bowl that carried the "Super Bowl" moniker at the time of the game.[3] The NFC leads in Super Bowl wins with 24, while the AFC has won 21. Eighteen different franchises, including teams that relocated to another city, have won the Super Bowl.[4] The NFL and AFL each won two World Championships.[4]

The Pittsburgh Steelers have won the most Super Bowls with six championships (record 6–2), while both the Dallas Cowboys and San Francisco 49ers have five wins each (Cowboys 5–3; 49ers a perfect 5–0). Dallas and Pittsburgh have the most Super Bowl appearances with eight, while the Buffalo Bills have the most consecutive appearances with four losses in a row from 1991 to 1994. The Denver Broncos and Minnesota Vikings have also lost a record four Super Bowls. Buffalo and Minnesota are both 0–4 and Denver is 2–4. The record for consecutive wins is two and is shared by seven franchises: the 1967-68 Green Bay Packers, the 1973-74 Miami Dolphins, the 1975-76 and 1979-80 Steelers (the only team to accomplish this feat twice), the 1989-90 49ers, the 1993-94 Cowboys, the 1998-99 Broncos, and the 2004-05 New England Patriots. Of these, only the 1993-94 Cowboys and Bills have competed in the championship in consecutive years, with the Cowboys winning both contests.

Super Bowl Championship (1966–present)

Numbers in parentheses in the table are Super Bowl appearances, as of the date of that Super Bowl and are used as follows:

  • Winning team and Losing team columns indicate the number of times that team has appeared in a Super Bowl.
  • Venue column indicates number of times that stadium has hosted a Super Bowl.
  • City column indicates number of times that that metropolitan area has hosted a Super Bowl.
National Football League (NFL, 1967–1970) American Football League (AFL, 1967–1970)
NFL Champion‡ AFL Champion^
National Football Conference (NFC, 1971–present) American Football Conference (AFC, 1971–present)
NFC Champion* AFC Champion†
Game Date Winning team Score Losing team Venue City Attendance Ref
I January 15, 1967 Green Bay Packers‡ 35–10 Kansas City Chiefs^ Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Los Angeles, California[note 1] 61,946 [5]
II January 14, 1968 Green Bay Packers‡ (2) 33–14 Oakland Raiders^ Orange Bowl Miami, Florida[note 2] 75,546 [6]
III January 12, 1969 New York Jets^ 16–7  Baltimore Colts‡ Orange Bowl (2) Miami, Florida (2)[note 2] 75,389 [7]
IV January 11, 1970 Kansas City Chiefs^ (2) 23–7  Minnesota Vikings‡ Tulane Stadium New Orleans, Louisiana 80,562 [8]
V January 17, 1971 Baltimore Colts† (2) 16–13  Dallas Cowboys* Orange Bowl (3) Miami, Florida (3)[note 2] 79,204 [9]
VI January 16, 1972 Dallas Cowboys* (2) 24–3  Miami Dolphins† Tulane Stadium (2) New Orleans, Louisiana (2) 81,023 [10]
VII January 14, 1973 Miami Dolphins† (2) 14–7  Washington Redskins* Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (2) Los Angeles, California (2)[note 1] 90,182 [11]
VIII January 13, 1974 Miami Dolphins† (3) 24–7  Minnesota Vikings* (2) Rice Stadium Houston, Texas 71,882 [12]
IX January 12, 1975 Pittsburgh Steelers† 16–6  Minnesota Vikings* (3) Tulane Stadium (3) New Orleans, Louisiana (3) 80,997 [13]
X January 18, 1976 Pittsburgh Steelers† (2) 21–17 Dallas Cowboys* (3)[note 3] Orange Bowl (4) Miami, Florida (4)[note 2] 80,187 [14]
XI January 9, 1977 Oakland Raiders† (2) 32–14 Minnesota Vikings* (4) Rose Bowl Pasadena, California (3)[note 1] 103,438 [15]
XII January 15, 1978 Dallas Cowboys* (4) 27–10 Denver Broncos† Louisiana Superdome New Orleans, Louisiana (4) 76,400 [16]
XIII January 21, 1979 Pittsburgh Steelers† (3) 35–31 Dallas Cowboys* (5) Orange Bowl (5) Miami, Florida (5)[note 2] 79,484 [17]
XIV January 20, 1980 Pittsburgh Steelers† (4) 31–19 Los Angeles Rams* Rose Bowl (2) Pasadena, California (4)[note 1] 103,985 [18]
XV January 25, 1981 Oakland Raiders† (3)[note 3] 27–10 Philadelphia Eagles* Louisiana Superdome (2) New Orleans, Louisiana (5) 76,135 [19]
XVI January 24, 1982 San Francisco 49ers* 26–21 Cincinnati Bengals† Pontiac Silverdome Pontiac, Michigan[note 1] 81,270 [20]
XVII January 30, 1983 Washington Redskins* (2) 27–17 Miami Dolphins† (4) Rose Bowl (3) Pasadena, California (5)[note 1] 103,667 [21]
XVIII January 22, 1984 Los Angeles Raiders† (4) 38–9  Washington Redskins* (3) Tampa Stadium Tampa, Florida 72,920 [22]
XIX January 20, 1985 San Francisco 49ers* (2) 38–16 Miami Dolphins† (5) Stanford Stadium Stanford, California 84,059 [23]
XX January 26, 1986 Chicago Bears* 46–10 New England Patriots†[note 3] Louisiana Superdome (3) New Orleans, Louisiana (6) 73,818 [24]
XXI January 25, 1987 New York Giants* 39–20 Denver Broncos† (2) Rose Bowl (4) Pasadena, California (6)[note 1] 101,063 [25]
XXII January 31, 1988 Washington Redskins* (4) 42–10 Denver Broncos† (3) Jack Murphy Stadium[note 4] San Diego, California 73,302 [26]
XXIII January 22, 1989 San Francisco 49ers* (3) 20–16 Cincinnati Bengals† (2) Joe Robbie Stadium[note 4] Miami, Florida (6)[note 2] 75,129 [27]
XXIV January 28, 1990 San Francisco 49ers* (4) 55–10 Denver Broncos† (4) Louisiana Superdome (4) New Orleans, Louisiana (7) 72,919 [28]
XXV January 27, 1991 New York Giants* (2) 20–19 Buffalo Bills† Tampa Stadium (2) Tampa, Florida (2) 73,813 [29]
XXVI January 26, 1992 Washington Redskins* (5) 37–24 Buffalo Bills† (2) Metrodome Minneapolis, Minnesota 63,130 [30]
XXVII January 31, 1993 Dallas Cowboys* (6) 52–17 Buffalo Bills† (3)[note 3] Rose Bowl (5) Pasadena, California (7)[note 1] 98,374 [31]
XXVIII January 30, 1994 Dallas Cowboys* (7) 30–13 Buffalo Bills† (4) Georgia Dome Atlanta, Georgia 72,817 [32]
XXIX January 29, 1995 San Francisco 49ers* (5) 49–26 San Diego Chargers† Joe Robbie Stadium (2)[note 4] Miami, Florida (7)[note 2] 74,107 [33]
XXX January 28, 1996 Dallas Cowboys* (8) 27–17 Pittsburgh Steelers† (5) Sun Devil Stadium Tempe, Arizona[note 1] 76,347 [34]
XXXI January 26, 1997 Green Bay Packers* (3) 35–21 New England Patriots† (2) Louisiana Superdome (5) New Orleans, Louisiana (8) 72,301 [35]
XXXII January 25, 1998 Denver Broncos† (5)[note 3] 31–24 Green Bay Packers* (4) Qualcomm Stadium (2)[note 4] San Diego, California (2) 68,912 [36]
XXXIII January 31, 1999 Denver Broncos† (6) 34–19 Atlanta Falcons* Pro Player Stadium (3)[note 4] Miami, Florida (8)[note 2] 74,803 [37]
XXXIV January 30, 2000 St. Louis Rams* (2) 23–16 Tennessee Titans†[note 3] Georgia Dome (2) Atlanta, Georgia (2) 72,625 [38]
XXXV January 28, 2001 Baltimore Ravens†[note 3] 34–7  New York Giants* (3) Raymond James Stadium Tampa, Florida (3) 71,921 [39]
XXXVI February 3, 2002 New England Patriots† (3) 20–17 St. Louis Rams* (3) Louisiana Superdome (6) New Orleans, Louisiana (9) 72,922 [40]
XXXVII January 26, 2003 Tampa Bay Buccaneers* 48–21 Oakland Raiders† (5) Qualcomm Stadium (3)[note 4] San Diego, California (3) 67,603 [41]
XXXVIII February 1, 2004 New England Patriots† (4) 32–29 Carolina Panthers* Reliant Stadium Houston, Texas (2) 71,525 [42]
XXXIX February 6, 2005 New England Patriots† (5) 24–21 Philadelphia Eagles* (2) ALLTEL Stadium Jacksonville, Florida 78,125 [43]
XL February 5, 2006 Pittsburgh Steelers† (6)[note 3] 21–10 Seattle Seahawks* Ford Field Detroit, Michigan (2)[note 1] 68,206 [44]
XLI February 4, 2007 Indianapolis Colts† (3) 29–17 Chicago Bears* (2) Dolphin Stadium (4)[note 4] Miami, Florida (9)[note 2] 74,512 [45]
XLII February 3, 2008 New York Giants* (4)[note 3] 17–14 New England Patriots† (6) University of Phoenix Stadium Glendale, Arizona (2)[note 1] 71,101 [50]
XLIII February 1, 2009 Pittsburgh Steelers† (7) 27–23 Arizona Cardinals* Raymond James Stadium (2) Tampa, Florida (4) 70,774 [51]
XLIV February 7, 2010 New Orleans Saints* 31–17 Indianapolis Colts† (4) Sun Life Stadium (5)[note 4] Miami, Florida (10)[note 2] 74,059 [56]
XLV February 6, 2011 Green Bay Packers* (5)[note 3] 31–25 Pittsburgh Steelers† (8) Cowboys Stadium Arlington, Texas 103,219 [57]
XLVI February 5, 2012 New York Giants* (5) at New England Patriots† (7) — To be determined (TBD) Lucas Oil Stadium Indianapolis, Indiana TBD [58]
XLVII February 3, 2013 2012–13 AFC Champion† at 2012–13 NFC Champion* — To be determined (TBD) Mercedes-Benz Superdome (7) New Orleans, Louisiana (10) TBD [58][59]
XLVIII February 2, 2014 2013–14 NFC Champion* at 2013–14 AFC Champion† — To be determined (TBD) MetLife Stadium East Rutherford, New Jersey TBD [60]
XLIX February 1, 2015 2014–15 AFC Champion† at 2014–15 NFC Champion* — To be determined (TBD) University of Phoenix Stadium (2) Glendale, Arizona (3) TBD [61]

Super Bowl appearances by team

NFL‡/NFC* teams (24 wins) AFL^/AFC† teams (21 wins)
NFL‡/AFC† team[note 5]

In the sortable table below, teams are ordered first by number of appearances, then by number of wins, and finally by year of first appearance. In the "Season(s)" column, bold years indicate winning seasons, and italic years indicate games not yet played.

Appearances Team Wins Losses Winning
percentage 		Season(s)
8 Pittsburgh Steelers†[note 5] 6 2 .750 1974,† 1975,† 1978,† 1979,† 1995,† 2005,†[note 3] 2008,† 2010†
8 Dallas Cowboys* 5 3 .625 1970,* 1971,* 1975,*[note 3] 1977,* 1978,* 1992,* 1993,* 1995*
7 New England Patriots† 3 3 .500 1985,†[note 3] 1996,† 2001,† 2003,† 2004,† 2007,† 2011†
6 Denver Broncos† 2 4 .333 1977,† 1986,† 1987,† 1989,† 1997,†[note 3] 1998†
5 San Francisco 49ers* 5 0 1.000 1981,* 1984,* 1988,* 1989,* 1994*
5 Green Bay Packers‡* 4 1 .800 1966,‡ 1967,‡ 1996,* 1997,* 2010*[note 3]
5 Washington Redskins* 3 2 .600 1972,* 1982,* 1983,* 1987,* 1991*
5 Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders^† 3 2 .600 1967,^ 1976,† 1980,†[note 3] 1983,† 2002†
5 Miami Dolphins† 2 3 .400 1971,† 1972,† 1973,† 1982,† 1984,†
5 New York Giants* 3 1 .750 1986,* 1990,* 2000,* 2007,*[note 3] 2011*
4 Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts‡†[note 5] 2 2 .500 1968,‡ 1970,† 2006,† 2009†
4 Minnesota Vikings‡* 0 4 .000 1969,‡ 1973,* 1974,* 1976*
4 Buffalo Bills† 0 4 .000 1990,† 1991,† 1992,†[note 3] 1993†
3 Los Angeles/St. Louis Rams* 1 2 .333 1979,* 1999,* 2001*
2 Kansas City Chiefs^ 1 1 .500 1966,^ 1969^
2 Chicago Bears* 1 1 .500 1985,* 2006*
2 Cincinnati Bengals† 0 2 .000 1981,† 1988†
2 Philadelphia Eagles* 0 2 .000 1980,* 2004*
1 New York Jets^ 1 0 1.000 1968^
1 Baltimore Ravens† 1 0 1.000 2000†[note 3]
1 Tampa Bay Buccaneers*[note 6] 1 0 1.000 2002*
1 New Orleans Saints* 1 0 1.000 2009*
1 San Diego Chargers† 0 1 .000 1994†
1 Atlanta Falcons* 0 1 .000 1998*
1 Tennessee Titans† 0 1 .000 1999†[note 3]
1 Carolina Panthers* 0 1 .000 2003*
1 Seattle Seahawks*[note 6] 0 1 .000 2005*
1 Arizona Cardinals* 0 1 .000 2008*
0 Cleveland Browns†[note 5] 0 0 — N/A
0 Detroit Lions* 0 0 — N/A
0 Jacksonville Jaguars† 0 0 — N/A
0 Houston Texans† 0 0 — N/A

Teams with no Super Bowl appearances

Four current teams have never reached the Super Bowl. Two of them held NFL league championships prior to Super Bowl I in the 1966 NFL season:

Teams with long Super Bowl droughts

The following teams have appeared in the Super Bowl, but have long championship droughts. Two of them have not appeared in the Super Bowl since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970:[67]

The most recent Super Bowl appearance for the following teams was after the AFL–NFL merger, but prior to the 1995 regular season:

Teams with Super Bowl appearances but no victories

Ten teams have appeared in the Super Bowl without ever winning. In alphabetical order, they are:

  • Arizona Cardinals, appeared in Super Bowl XLIII. Their last championship was in 1947 when they were the Chicago Cardinals. This is the second longest active stretch without a championship of any American professional sports team exceeded only by the Chicago Cubs, who last won the World Series in 1908.
  • Atlanta Falcons, appeared in Super Bowl XXXIII. They have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
  • Buffalo Bills, appeared in Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII. Their last AFL championship was in 1965.
  • Carolina Panthers, appeared in Super Bowl XXXVIII. They did not exist prior to the AFL-NFL merger, so have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
  • Cincinnati Bengals, appeared in Super Bowls XVI and XXIII. They have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
  • Minnesota Vikings, appeared in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI. They were NFL champions in 1969, the last year before the AFL-NFL merger.
  • Philadelphia Eagles, appeared in Super Bowls XV and XXXIX. Their last championship was in 1960.
  • San Diego Chargers, appeared in Super Bowl XXIX. Their last AFL championship was in 1963.
  • Seattle Seahawks, appeared in Super Bowl XL. They did not exist prior to the AFL-NFL merger, so have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
  • Tennessee Titans, appeared in Super Bowl XXXIV. Their last AFL championship was in 1961 when the team was the Houston Oilers.

Rematches

The following teams have faced each other more than once in the Super Bowl:

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Both Los Angeles and Pasadena, California are in the Greater Los Angeles Area,[46] Pontiac, Michigan is a suburb of Detroit, Michigan,[47] and both Tempe, Arizona and Glendale, Arizona are suburbs of Phoenix, Arizona.[48][49]
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Miami Gardens was incorporated as a suburb of Miami in 2003. Prior to that, it had been an unincorporated area of Miami-Dade County but the stadium had a Miami address.[55]
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Wild card qualifier.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Qualcomm Stadium was originally known as San Diego Stadium and Jack Murphy Stadium.[52] Dolphin Stadium has also been variously known over the years as Joe Robbie Stadium, Pro Player Stadium, and Dolphins Stadium (with a plural "s"). Its subsequent name of Dolphin Stadium (with no "s") was also the original name it was given when first built. It is currently known as Sun Life Stadium.[53][54]
  5. ^ a b c d The Colts are the only team that played a pre AFL–NFL merger Super Bowl for the NFL, and then moved to the AFC in 1970. Although members of the old NFL before the 1970 merger, the Steelers and Browns did not play in a Super Bowl before moving to the AFC post-merger.
  6. ^ a b The Seahawks switched conferences with the newly founded Buccaneers in 1977 but switched back to the NFC in 2002 due to an NFL realignment plan after the Houston Texans were admitted. They reached the Super Bowl for the first time in 2005. The Buccaneers reached the Super Bowl for the first time in 2002.

References

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  3. ^ Culture in History Of The Nfl
  4. ^ a b "Super Bowl History". NFL.com. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
  5. ^ Maule, Tex (1967-01-23). "Bread-and-butter Packers". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
  6. ^ "Super Bowl 2: Lombardi's Starr Rises". Sporting News. 1968-01-14. Retrieved 2011-12-24.
  7. ^ "Super Bowl 3: The Broadway Joe Show". Sporting News. 1969-01-12. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
  8. ^ "Super Bowl History: Super Bowl IV". CBS News. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
  9. ^ "Super Bowl History: Super Bowl V". CBS News. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  10. ^ Maule, Tex (1972-01-24). "A Cowboy Stampede". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
  11. ^ Maule, Tex (1973-01-22). "17–0–0". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
  12. ^ Maule, Tex (1974-01-21). "It Was The Day Of The Dolphins". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
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  14. ^ Jenkins, Dan (1976-01-26). "Dallas Feels The Steeler Crunch". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
  15. ^ Jenkins, Dan (1977-01-17). "The Raiders Were All Suped Up". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
  16. ^ "Super Bowl 12: Orange Crushed". Sporting News. 1978-01-15. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
  17. ^ "Super Bowl 13: Dumb Like a F–O–X". Sporting News. 1979-01-21. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
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  19. ^ "Super Bowl Summaries: Super Bowl XV". CNN Sports Illustrated. Time Warner. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
  20. ^ "Super Bowl 16: 49ers Strike It Rich". Sporting News. 1982-01-24. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
  21. ^ Zimmerman, Paul (1983-02-07). "Hail To The Redskins!". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
  22. ^ Zimmerman, Paul (1984-01-30). "A Runaway For The Raiders". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
  23. ^ Zimmerman, Paul (1985-01-28). "The Niners Were Never Finer". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
  24. ^ Magee, Jerry (2007-01-28). "'85 Bears never lost in shuffle". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
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  29. ^ "Super Bowl XXV". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  30. ^ "Super Bowl XXVI". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  31. ^ "Super Bowl XXVII". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  32. ^ "Super Bowl XXVIII". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  33. ^ "Super Bowl XXIX". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  34. ^ "Super Bowl XXX". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  35. ^ "Super Bowl XXXI". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  36. ^ "Super Bowl XXXII". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  37. ^ "Super Bowl XXXIII". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  38. ^ "Super Bowl XXXIV". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  39. ^ "Super Bowl XXXV". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  40. ^ "Super Bowl XXXVI". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  41. ^ "Super Bowl XXXVII". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  42. ^ "Super Bowl XXXVIII". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  43. ^ "Super Bowl XXXIX". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  44. ^ "Super Bowl XL". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  45. ^ "Super Bowl XLI". NFL. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  46. ^ "Pasadena, California". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. Retrieved 2008-03-30. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  47. ^ "Pontiac, Michigan". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. Retrieved 2008-03-30. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  48. ^ "Glendale, Arizona". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. Retrieved 2008-03-30. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  49. ^ "Tempe, Arizona". U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. Retrieved 2008-03-30. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  50. ^ "Super Bowl XLII". NFL. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
  51. ^ "Super Bowl XLIII". NFL. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
  52. ^ Levine, Stuart (2008-12-22). "15 years after the NFL left L.A., SoCal fans bolt to Qualcomm". ESPN. Retrieved 2009-08-24.
  53. ^ "Ross said the agreement to change the name from Dolphin Stadium is for this season only and expires before the stadium plays host to the Super Bowl in February." "Dolphins' home renamed Land Shark Stadium in deal with singer Buffett". Associated Press. 2009-05-10. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
  54. ^ "Sun Life Stadium". ESPN. Retrieved 2009-08-24.
  55. ^ Klitzing, Michael (2006-07-10). "Special report: The Stadium Dilemma". North County Times. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
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  57. ^ "Packers down Steelers for fourth Super Bowl title". NFL. February 6, 2011. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
  58. ^ a b AP (2009-06-09). "Indianapolis ahead of curve in preparations for Super Bowl XLVI in 2012". NFL. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
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  60. ^ "Owners warm up to New York/New Jersey as Super Bowl XLVIII host". NFL. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  61. ^ Klemko, Robert (11 October 2011). "Arizona, not Tampa, will host Super Bowl XLIX in 2015". The Huddle. USA Today. Retrieved 5 January 2012. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= and |work= (help)
  62. ^ "Detroit Lions Franchise Encyclopedia". Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 2009-08-27.
  63. ^ "Cleveland Browns Franchise Encyclopedia". Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 2009-08-27.
  64. ^ "Year By Year Season Results". Cleveland Browns. Retrieved 2009-08-28. [dead link]
  65. ^ Romano, John (1996-08-04). "Rams fear Phillips is a perpetual faux pas Series: NFL". St. Petersburg Times. p. 9C.
  66. ^ "Jacksonville Jaguars Franchise Encyclopedia". Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 2009-08-27.
  67. ^ Neumann, Thomas (2008-09-17). "Page 2's ultimate NFL power rankings, Nos. 21–32". ESPN. Retrieved 2009-09-07.

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