Tiger's eye: Difference between revisions

Tiger's eye
Tiger's eye
General
Category	Mineral
Formula; (repeating unit)	Silica (silicon dioxide, SiO2)
Identification
Colour	golden to red-brown
Mohs scale hardness	6.5-7
Luster	Silky
Specific gravity	2.64–2.71

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Tiger's eye (also called tiger eye) is a chatoyant gemstone that is usually a metamorphic rock with a golden to red-brown colour and a silky lustre. As members of the quartz group, tiger's eye and the related blue-coloured mineral hawk's eye gain their silky, lustrous appearance from the parallel intergrowth of quartz crystals and altered amphibole fibres that have mostly turned into limonite.^[1]^[2]

Other forms of tiger's eye[edit]

Tiger iron is an altered rock composed chiefly of tiger's eye, red jasper and black hematite. The undulating, contrasting bands of colour and lustre make for an attractive motif and it is mainly used for jewellery-making and ornamentation. Tiger iron is a popular ornamental material used in a variety of applications, from beads to knife hilts.

Tiger iron is mined primarily in South Africa and Western Australia. Tiger's eye is composed chiefly of silicon dioxide (SiO
₂) and is coloured mainly by iron oxide. The specific gravity ranges from 2.64 to 2.71.^[3] It is formed by the alteration of crocidolite.

Serpentine deposits in the US states of Arizona and California can have chatoyant bands of chrysotile, a form of asbestos, fibres. These have been cut and sold as "Arizona tiger-eye" and "California tiger's eye" gemstones.^[4]^[5] The trade name 'pietersite' is used for a fractured or brecciated chalcedony containing amphibole fibers and promoted as tiger's eye from Namibia and China.^[6]

Sources[edit]

Common sources of tiger's eye include Australia, Burma, India, Namibia, South Africa, the United States,^[7] Brazil, Canada, China, Korea and Spain.^{[citation needed]}

Cultural associations[edit]

In some parts of the world, the stone is believed to ward off the evil eye.^[8]

Roman soldiers wore engraved tigers eye to protect them in battle.

Cut, treatment and imitation[edit]

Gems are usually given a cabochon cut to best display their chatoyance. Red stones are developed by gentle heat treatments. Dark stones are artificially lightened to improve colour using a nitric acid treatment.^[9]

Honey-coloured stones have been used to imitate the more valued cat's eye chrysoberyl, cymophane, but the overall effect is often unconvincing. Artificial fibre optic glass is a common imitation of tiger's eye, and is produced in a wide range of colours.

References[edit]

^ "Tiger's Eye". mindat.org. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
^ Heaney, Peter; Fisher, Donald (April 2003). "New interpretation of the origin of tiger's-eye". Geology. 31 (4): 323–326. Bibcode:2003Geo....31..323H. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0323:NIOTOO>2.0.CO;2.
^ Listing of SG of gems and gem simulants Archived 2006-09-04 at the Wayback Machine, Berkeley.edu
^ Flagg, Arthur Leonard (1958). Mineralogical Journeys in Arizona. Scottsdale: F.H. Bitner. pp. 92–93.
^ USGS (1908–1909). "Cat's Eye or Tiger-Eye". Mineral Resources of the United States / Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey. 2. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office: 802.
^ Pietersite on Mindat.org
^ Schumann, Walter (2009). Gemstones of the World (Fourth ed.). New York, New York: Sterling Publishing. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-4027-6829-3.
^ The Encyclopedia of Superstitions By Richard Webster, p.257
^ O'Donoghue, Michael (1997). Synthetic, Imitation, and Treated Gemstones. Boston, Massachusetts: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 125–127. ISBN 0-7506-3173-2.

External links[edit]

"New interpretation of the origin of tiger's-eye: Comment and Reply". doi:10.1130/0091-7613-32.1.e45.

[1] "Tiger's Eye". mindat.org. Retrieved 16 May 2016.

[2] Heaney, Peter; Fisher, Donald (April 2003). "New interpretation of the origin of tiger's-eye". Geology. 31 (4): 323–326. Bibcode:2003Geo....31..323H. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0323:NIOTOO>2.0.CO;2.

[3] Listing of SG of gems and gem simulants Archived 2006-09-04 at the Wayback Machine, Berkeley.edu

[4] Flagg, Arthur Leonard (1958). Mineralogical Journeys in Arizona. Scottsdale: F.H. Bitner. pp. 92–93.

[5] USGS (1908–1909). "Cat's Eye or Tiger-Eye". Mineral Resources of the United States / Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey. 2. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office: 802.

[6] Pietersite on Mindat.org

[7] Schumann, Walter (2009). Gemstones of the World (Fourth ed.). New York, New York: Sterling Publishing. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-4027-6829-3.

[8] The Encyclopedia of Superstitions By Richard Webster, p.257

[9] O'Donoghue, Michael (1997). Synthetic, Imitation, and Treated Gemstones. Boston, Massachusetts: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 125–127. ISBN 0-7506-3173-2.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|A chatoyant gemstone that is usually a metamorphic rock with a golden to red-brown colour and a silky lustre}}
+{{ description| gemstone    }}
-{{about|the gemstone|the characters in the Sailor Moon series|Amazon Trio|the horse eye color|Tiger eye}}
+{{about|the gemstone|the characters in the Sailor Moon series|Amazon Trio}}
+{{distinguish|Tiger Eyes}}
+{{distinguish|Eye of the Tiger}}
 {{Infobox mineral
 | name        = Tiger's eye
@@ Line 14: / Line 16: @@
 | cleavage    =
 | fracture    =
-| mohs        = 5.5–6
+| mohs        = .
 | luster      = Silky
 | refractive  =
@@ Line 26: / Line 28: @@
 '''Tiger's eye''' (also called '''tiger eye''') is a
-[[Chatoyancy|chatoyant]] [[gemstone]] that is usually a [[metamorphic rock]] with a golden to red-brown colour and a [[Lustre (mineralogy)#Silky lustre|silky lustre]]. As members of the [[quartz]] group, tiger's eye and the related blue-coloured mineral hawk's eye gain their silky, lustrous appearance from the parallel intergrowth of quartz crystals and altered [[amphibole]] fibres that have mostly turned into [[limonite]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tiger's Eye|url=http://www.mindat.org/min-3960.html|website=mindat.org|accessdate=16 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Heaney|first1=Peter|last2=Fisher|first2=Donald|title=New interpretation of the origin of tiger's-eye|journal=Geology|date=April 2003|volume=31|issue=4|pages=323–326|doi=10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0323:NIOTOO>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=2003Geo....31..323H}}</ref>
+[[Chatoyancy|chatoyant]] [[gemstone]] that is usually a [[metamorphic rock]] with a golden to red-brown colour and a [[Lustre (mineralogy)#Silky lustre|silky lustre]]. As members of the [[quartz]] group, tiger's eye and the related blue-coloured mineral hawk's eye gain their silky, lustrous appearance from the parallel intergrowth of quartz crystals and altered [[amphibole]] fibres that have mostly turned into [[limonite]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tiger's Eye|url=http://www.mindat.org/min-3960.html|website=mindat.org|=16 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Heaney|first1=Peter|last2=Fisher|first2=Donald|title=New interpretation of the origin of tiger's-eye|journal=Geology|date=April 2003|volume=31|issue=4|pages=323–326|doi=10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0323:NIOTOO>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=2003Geo....31..323H}}</ref>
-{{TOC left}}
-{|style="margin: 0 auto;"
- | [[File:Quartz - Tigers-Eye - raw stone from Southafrica.jpg|thumb|left|alt="Photograph of a chunk of rock containing horizontal bands which contain golden fibers which are positioned vertically within the bands"|Unpolished tiger's eye from South Africa]]
-| [[File:Tigers eye egg shape.jpg|thumb|left|alt="Photograph of a polished ovoid stone with bands containing shimmering golden fibers"|Oval shape tiger's eye with iron stripes]]
-|[[File:Tiger eye tumbled stone mineral.jpg|thumb|Tiger's eye mineral tumbled stone from South Africa]]
-|}
-{{clear}}
 ==Other forms of tiger's eye==
-[[File:tiger iron.jpg|thumb|right|alt="Photograph of the surface of a stone which shows horizontal alternating bands of red and black with a band of golden-colored fibers in a band across the center"|Tiger iron]]
 ''Tiger iron'' is an altered [[rock (geology)|rock]] composed chiefly of tiger's eye, red [[jasper]] and black [[hematite]]. The undulating, contrasting bands of colour and lustre make for an attractive motif and it is mainly used for jewellery-making and ornamentation. Tiger iron is a popular ornamental material used in a variety of applications, from beads to knife [[hilt]]s.
-Tiger iron is mined primarily in South Africa and Western Australia. Tiger's eye is composed chiefly of [[silicon dioxide]] (SiO<sub>2</sub>) and is coloured mainly by iron oxide. The [[specific gravity]] ranges from 2.64 to 2.71.<ref>[http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~eps2/wisc/sg.html Listing of SG of gems and gem simulants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904000158/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~eps2/wisc/sg.html |date=2006-09-04 }}, Berkeley.edu</ref> It is formed by the alteration of [[Riebeckite#Crocidolite (fibrous  riebeckite)|crocidolite]].
+Tiger iron is mined primarily in South Africa and Western Australia. Tiger's eye is composed chiefly of [[silicon dioxide]] (SiO2) and is coloured mainly by iron oxide. The [[specific gravity]] ranges from 2.64 to 2.71.<ref>[http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~eps2/wisc/sg.html Listing of SG of gems and gem simulants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904000158/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~eps2/wisc/sg.html |date=2006-09-04 }}, Berkeley.edu</ref> It is formed by the alteration of [[Riebeckite#Crocidolite (fibrous  riebeckite)|crocidolite]].
-{{clear}}
+[[Serpentine group|Serpentine]] deposits in     chatoyant bands of [[chrysotile]]   of  . These have been cut and sold as "Arizona tiger-eye" and "California tiger's eye" gemstones.<ref>{{cite book|last=Flagg|first=Arthur Leonard|title=Mineralogical Journeys in Arizona|year=1958|publisher=F.H. Bitner|location=Scottsdale|pages=92–93}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=USGS|title=Cat's Eye or Tiger-Eye|journal=Mineral Resources of the United States / Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey|year=1908–1909|volume=2|page=802|publisher=US Government Printing Office|location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=afI4AAAAIAAJ}}</ref> The trade name 'pietersite' is used for a [[fracture (geology)|fractured]] or [[breccia]]ted [[chalcedony]] containing [[amphibole]] fibers and promoted as tiger's eye from Namibia and China.<ref>[http://www.mindat.org/min-27262.html Pietersite on Mindat.org]</ref>
-[[File:Chatoyant serpentine 01.jpg|thumb|right|alt="A photograph of a green stone with a pink fibrous band going across the surface diagonally"|Serpentine tiger's eye from Arizona]]
-[[Serpentine group|''Serpentine'']] deposits in which are occasionally found chatoyant bands of [[chrysotile]] fibres have been found in the US states of Arizona and California. These have been cut and sold as "Arizona tiger-eye" and "California tiger's eye" gemstones.<ref>{{cite book|last=Flagg|first=Arthur Leonard|title=Mineralogical Journeys in Arizona|year=1958|publisher=F.H. Bitner|location=Scottsdale|pages=92–93}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=USGS|title=Cat's Eye or Tiger-Eye|journal=Mineral Resources of the United States / Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey|year=1908–1909|volume=2|page=802|publisher=US Government Printing Office|location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=afI4AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> The trade name of ''pietersite'' is used for a [[fracture (geology)|fractured]] or [[breccia]]ted [[chalcedony]] containing [[amphibole]] fibers and promoted as tiger's eye from Namibia and China.<ref>[http://www.mindat.org/min-27262.html Pietersite on Mindat.org]</ref>
-{{clear}}
 ==Sources==
+[[File:Quartz - Tigers-Eye - raw stone from Southafrica.jpg|thumb|alt="Photograph of a chunk of rock containing horizontal bands which contain golden fibers which are positioned vertically within the bands"|Unpolished tiger's eye from South Africa]]
 Common sources of tiger's eye include Australia, Burma, India, Namibia, South Africa, the United States,<ref>{{cite book|last=Schumann|first=Walter|title=Gemstones of the World|year=2009|publisher=Sterling Publishing|location=New York, New York|isbn=978-1-4027-6829-3|edition=Fourth|page=140}}</ref> Brazil, Canada, China, Korea  and Spain.{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}
 ==Cultural associations==
-In some parts of the world, the stone is believed to ward off the [[evil eye]]. <ref>The Encyclopedia of Superstitions
+In some parts of the world, the stone is believed to ward off the [[evil eye]].<ref>The Encyclopedia of Superstitions
 By Richard Webster, p.257</ref>
+Roman soldiers wore engraved tigers eye to protect them in battle.
 ==Cut, treatment and imitation==
+[[File:Tigers eye egg shape.jpg|thumb|alt="Photograph of a polished ovoid stone with bands containing shimmering golden fibers"|Oval shape tiger's eye with iron stripes]]
-Gems are usually given a [[cabochon]] cut to best display their [[chatoyance]]. Red stones are developed by gentle heat treatments. Dark stones are artificially lightened to improve colour using a [[nitric acid]] treatment.<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Donoghue|first=Michael|title=Synthetic, Imitation, and Treated Gemstones|year=1997|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|location=Boston, Massachusetts|isbn=0-7506-3173-2|pages=125–127}}</ref>
+[[File:Blue tiger eye - falcon eye.jpg|thumb|Blue tiger's eye]]
+Gems are usually given a [[cabochon]] cut to best display their [[chatoyance]]. Red stones are developed by gentle heat treatments. Dark stones are artificially lightened to improve colour using a [[nitric acid]] treatment.<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Donoghue|first=Michael|title=Synthetic, Imitation, and Treated Gemstones|year=1997|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|location=Boston, Massachusetts|isbn=0-7506-3173-2|pages=125–127}}</ref>
-Honey-coloured stones have been used to imitate the more valued cat's eye [[chrysoberyl]] (cymophane), but the overall effect is often unconvincing. Artificial [[optical fibre |fibre optic]] glass is a common imitation of tiger's eye, and is produced in a wide range of colours.
-Healing Properties
+Honey-coloured stones have been used to imitate the more valued cat's eye [[chrysoberyl]] cymophane, but the overall effect is often unconvincing. Artificial [[optical |fibre optic]] glass is a common imitation of tiger's eye, and is produced in a wide range of colours.
-Protection
-Clear thinking
-Personal empowerment
-Willpower
-Courage
 ==References==
@@ Line 75: / Line 65: @@
 {{Silica minerals}}
-[[Category: Quartz gemstones]]
+[[Category:Quartz gemstones]]