Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine: Difference between revisions
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==Pharmacology and Effects== |
==Pharmacology and Effects== |
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TFMPP acts as a 5-HT<sub>1B</sub><ref>Schechter MD (1988): "Use of TFMPP stimulus properties as a model of 5-HT1B receptor activation." Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 31(1), 53-7. PMID 3252260</ref> and 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> [[serotonin receptor]] [[agonist]], and additionally as a<!--reuptake inhibitor? "{{fact}}"--> [[serotonin]] releaser, boosting [[synapse|synaptic]] serotonin levels. Due to the serotonin releasing action − an effect shared with [[MDMA]] ("[[ecstasy (drug)|ecstasy]]") – a mix of TFMPP and [[benzylpiperazine]] is sometimes advertised as a MDMA substitute.<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/tfmpp/tfmpp_basics.shtml erowid]</ref> The subjective effects of this combination are often described as similar those of MDMA, although without the [[empathogen|empathic]] element. However the effects of TFMPP are more similar to hallucinogens such as [[LSD]], although much weaker, with the maximal effect being only 40% <!--in humans?-->compared to the strong hallucinogen [[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine|DOM]].<ref> Glennon RA, McKenney JD, Young R. (1984): "Discriminative stimulus properties of the serotonin agonist 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP)". Life Sciences. 35(14):1475-80. PMID 6482668</ref> |
TFMPP acts as a 5-HT<sub>1B</sub><ref>Schechter MD (1988): "Use of TFMPP stimulus properties as a model of 5-HT1B receptor activation." Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 31(1), 53-7. PMID 3252260</ref> and 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> [[serotonin receptor]] [[agonist]], and additionally as a<!--reuptake inhibitor? "{{fact}}"--> [[serotonin]] releaser, boosting [[synapse|synaptic]] serotonin levels. Due to the serotonin releasing action − an effect shared with [[MDMA]] ("[[ecstasy (drug)|ecstasy]]") – a mix of TFMPP and [[benzylpiperazine]] is sometimes advertised as a MDMA substitute.<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/tfmpp/tfmpp_basics.shtml erowid]</ref> The subjective effects of this combination are often described as similar those of MDMA, although without the [[empathogen|empathic]] element. However the effects of TFMPP are more similar to hallucinogens such as [[LSD]], although much weaker, with the maximal effect being only 40% <!--in humans?-->compared to the strong hallucinogen [[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine|DOM]].<ref> Glennon RA, McKenney JD, Young R. (1984): "Discriminative stimulus properties of the serotonin agonist 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP)". Life Sciences. 35(14):1475-80. PMID 6482668</ref> |
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TFMPP has only mild effects when not combined with benzylpiperazine, and produces aversive effects in animals rather than self-administration, which explains the decision not to permanently make TFMPP an illicit drug. |
TFMPP has only mild effects when not combined with benzylpiperazine, and produces aversive effects in animals rather than self-administration, which explains the decision not to permanently make TFMPP an illicit drug. |
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Revision as of 04:21, 23 April 2007
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Routes of administration | oral |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Metabolism | hepatic |
| Excretion | renal |
| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.035.962 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C11H13F3N2 |
| Molar mass | 230.23 g/mol g·mol−1 |
3-Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (or simply TFMPP) is a piperazine-based drug.
TFMPP was briefly emergency scheduled in Schedule I in the US, but the scheduling expired in April 2004 and has not been renewed.[1] Therefore, unlike its cousin benzylpiperazine, TFMPP is not currently an illicit drug in the US.
Pharmacology and Effects
TFMPP acts as a 5-HT1B[2] and 5-HT2C serotonin receptor agonist, and additionally as a serotonin releaser, boosting synaptic serotonin levels. Due to the serotonin releasing action − an effect shared with MDMA ("ecstasy") – a mix of TFMPP and benzylpiperazine is sometimes advertised as a MDMA substitute.[3] The subjective effects of this combination are often described as similar those of MDMA, although without the empathic element. However the effects of TFMPP are more similar to hallucinogens such as LSD or more similarly mescaline, although much weaker, with the maximal effect being only 40% compared to the strong hallucinogen DOM.[4]
TFMPP has only mild effects when not combined with benzylpiperazine, and produces aversive effects in animals rather than self-administration, which explains the decision not to permanently make TFMPP an illicit drug.
TFMPP has also been previously reported as a metabolite of the analgesic antrafenine.[5] TFMPP shares some features with fenfluramine.
The dosage commonly used when combined with BZP for "ecstasy-like effects" is between 30 and 100 mg, while higher doses of TFMPP alone cause mildly hallucinogenic effects at around 100 - 250mg, however higher doses can cause a range of side effects including migraine headaches, muscle aches, nausea and vomiting, as well as a come-down syndrome characterised by insomnia, loss of appetite and headache; these side effects tend to discourage abuse of TFMPP.
Legal issues (outside USA)
As of December 3rd 2005, TFMPP is illegal in Denmark. As of March 1 2006, TFMPP is scheduled as a "dangerous substance" in Sweden.[6]
See also
References
- ^ U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Scheduling Actions 2002
- ^ Schechter MD (1988): "Use of TFMPP stimulus properties as a model of 5-HT1B receptor activation." Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 31(1), 53-7. PMID 3252260
- ^ erowid
- ^ Glennon RA, McKenney JD, Young R. (1984): "Discriminative stimulus properties of the serotonin agonist 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP)". Life Sciences. 35(14):1475-80. PMID 6482668
- ^ Caccia S, Conti I, Notarnicola A. (1985): "In-vivo metabolism in the rat and mouse of antrafenine to 1-m-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 37(1):75-7. PMID 2858538
- ^ http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/tfmpp/tfmpp_law.shtml