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The Avengers
Avengers vol. 3, #38 (Mar. 2001). Cover art by Alan Davis.
Group publication information
Publisher	Marvel Comics
First appearance	The Avengers (vol. 1) #1 (September 1963)
Created by	Stan Lee Jack Kirby
In-story information
Type of organization	Team
Base(s)	Avengers Tower Avengers Mansion Hydro-Base
Leader(s)	Captain Steve Rogers
Agent(s)	Captain America (Barnes) Hawkeye Iron Man Maria Hill Spider-Man Spider-Woman Thor Wolverine
Roster
See: List of Avengers members
Avengers
	Avengers (vol. 1) #1 (Sept. 1963). Cover art by Jack Kirby & Dick Ayers.
Series publication information
Schedule	Monthly
Format	Ongoing series
Genre	Superhero
Publication date	(Vol 1) September 1963 – September 1996 (Vol 2) November 1996 – November 1997 (Vol 3) February 1998 – August 2004 (Vol 1 resumption) September – December 2004 (Vol 4) July 2010 – present
Number of issues	Vol. 1: 402 issues, 23 annuals, 5 specials Vol. 2: 13 issues Vol. 3: 88 issues, 4 annuals, 2 specials Vol. 4: 2 issues
Creative team
Writer(s)	Vol. 1: Various Vol. 2: Rob Liefeld Vol. 3: Various Vol. 4: Brian Michael Bendis
Artist(s)	Vol. 1: Various Vol. 2: Jim Valentino Vol. 3: Various Vol. 4: John Romita Jr.
Creator(s)	Stan Lee Jack Kirby

The Avengers are a team of superheroes, appearing in magazines published by Marvel Comics. The team made its debut in The Avengers #1 (Sept. 1963), and was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist / co-plotter Jack Kirby.

Labeled "Earth's Mightiest Heroes", the Avengers originally consisted of Ant-Man, Wasp, Thor, Iron Man, and The Hulk. Captain America joined in issue #4. The rotating roster has become a hallmark of the team, although one theme remains consistent: the Avengers fight the foes no single superhero can withstand — hence their battle cry, "Avengers Assemble!" The team has featured humans, mutants, robots, gods, aliens, supernatural beings, and even former villains.

The titular team debuted in The Avengers #1 (Sept. 1963), using existing characters created primarily by writer-editor Stan Lee and penciler and co-plotter Jack Kirby. This initial series, published bi-monthly through issue #6 (July 1964) and monthly thereafter ran through issue #402 (Sept. 1996), with spinoffs including several annuals, miniseries and a giant-size quarterly sister series that ran briefly in the mid-1970s.^[1]

Other spinoff series include West Coast Avengers, initially published as a four-issue miniseries in 1984, followed by a 102-issue series (Oct. 1985 - Jan. 1994), retitled Avengers West Coast with #47;^[2][3] and the 40-issue Solo Avengers (Dec. 1987 - Jan. 1991), retitled Avengers Spotlight with #21.^[4][5]

Between 1996 and 2004 Marvel relaunched the primary Avengers title three times. In 1996, the "Heroes Reborn" line, in which Marvel contracted outside companies to produce four titles, included a new volume of The Avengers. Taking place in an alternate universe with a revamped history unrelated to mainstream Marvel continuity, The Avengers vol. 2 was written by Rob Liefeld and penciled by Jim Valentino, and ran 13 issues (Nov. 1996 - Nov. 1997). The final issue, which featured a crossover with the other "Heroes Reborn" titles, returned the characters to the main Marvel Universe.^[6]

Relaunched with a new first issue, The Avengers vol. 3 ran 84 issues (Feb. 1998 - Aug. 2004). To coincide with what would have been the 500th issue of the original series, Marvel changed the numbering, and The Avengers #500-503 (Sept.-Dec. 2004)^[7], followed by the one-shot Avengers Finale (Jan. 2005),^[8] became the Avengers Disassembled storyline and final issues. In January 2005 a new version of the team appeared in the ongoing title The New Avengers.^[9]

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The first adventure features the Asgardian trickster god Loki, who seeks revenge against his adopted brother Thor. Using an illusion, Loki tricks the Hulk into destroying a railroad track, after that he then diverts a radio call by Rick Jones for help to Thor, whom Loki hopes will battle the Hulk. Unknown to Loki, the radio call is also answered by Ant-Man, the Wasp and Iron Man. After an initial misunderstanding, the heroes unite and defeat Loki. Ant-Man states the five work well together and suggests they form a combined team — with the Wasp naming the group "the Avengers" because it sounded "dramatic" (Ironically, occasional "post-modern" commentary questions exactly what the Avengers are supposed to be "avenging," not realizing the name was, as noted, chosen simply because it sounded good.).^[10] The original members are known as the "founding members", and courtesy of an Avengers Charter are responsible for the name of the team. As a result, their wishes regarding the direction of the team are given additional weight and deference.^[10]

The roster changes almost immediately; by the beginning of the second issue, Ant-Man has become Giant-Man and, at the end of the issue, the Hulk leaves once he realizes how much the others fear his unstable personality.^[11] Feeling responsible, the Avengers try to locate and contain the Hulk, which subsequently leads them into combat with Namor the Sub-Mariner.^[12] This would result in the first major milestone in the Avengers' history - the revival and return of Captain America.^[13] Captain America joins the team, eventually becoming field leader.^[13] Captain America is also given "founding member" status in the Hulk's place.^[14] The Avengers go on to fight foes such as Captain America's wartime enemy Baron Zemo, who forms the Masters of Evil^[15]; Kang the Conqueror^[12]; Wonder Man^[16]; and Count Nefaria^[17].

The next milestone came when every member but Captain America resigned and were replaced by three former villains - Hawkeye, the Scarlet Witch, and Quicksilver^[18]. Although lacking the raw power of the original team, "Cap's Kooky Quartet"^[19](as they were sometimes jokingly called), proved their worth by fighting and defeating the Swordsman^[20]; the original Power Man^[21]; and Doctor Doom^[22]. They are soon rejoined by Henry Pym (who changes his name to Goliath)^[23] and the Wasp^[23], along with Hercules^[24], the Black Knight^[25], and the Black Widow^[26], although the last two do not obtain official membership status until years later.

When writer Roy Thomas commenced, there was a greater focus on characterization.^{[citation needed]} The Black Panther joins the team,^[27] followed by the Vision^[28]. Thomas also established that the Avengers are headquartered in a New York City building called Avengers Mansion, provided courtesy of Tony Stark (Iron Man's real identity), who also funds the Avengers through the Maria Stark Foundation, a non-profit organization.^{[volume & issue needed]} The mansion is serviced by Edwin Jarvis, the Avengers' faithful butler, and also furnished with state-of-the-art technology, and defense systems, including the Avengers' primary mode of transport: the five-engine Quinjets.

The adventures increased in scope as the team cross into an alternate dimension to battle the Squadron Supreme^{[volume & issue needed]} and fight in the Kree-Skrull WarTemplate:Vol. 1 Issue 89-97, an epic battle between the alien Kree and Skrull races and guest-starring the Kree hero Captain Marvel.^{[volume & issue needed]} The Avengers also briefly disband when Skrulls impersonating Captain America, Thor and Iron Man use their authority as founders of the team to disband it.^{[volume & issue needed]} The true founding Avengers, minus the Wasp, later reform the team in response to complaints from Jarvis.^{[volume & issue needed]}

The Vision and the Scarlet Witch fall in love^{[volume & issue needed]}, although the relationship is tinged with sadness as the Vision believes himself to be inhuman and unworthy of her.^{[volume & issue needed]} Writer Steve Englehart then introduces Mantis, who joins the team along with the reformed Swordsman.^{[volume & issue needed]} Englehart linked her origins to the very beginnings of the Kree-Skrull conflict in a time-spanning adventure involving Kang the Conqueror and the mysterious Immortus, who are revealed to be past and future versions of each other^{[volume & issue needed]}. Mantis is revealed to be the Celestial Madonna^{[volume & issue needed]}, who is destined to give birth to a being that will save the universe^{[volume & issue needed]}. This saga also reveals that the Vision's body had only been appropriated, and not created, by Ultron, and that it had originally belonged to the 1940s Human Torch. With his origins now clear to him, the Vision proposes to the Scarlet Witch. The Celestial Madonna saga ends with their wedding, presided over by Immortus.^{[volume & issue needed]} Englehart's tenure also coincided with the debut of George Pérez as artist.^[29]

After Englehart's departure (and a seven-issue stint by Gerry Conway) Jim Shooter began as writer, generating several classic adventures, including "Bride of Ultron",^{[volume & issue needed]} the "Nefaria Trilogy,"^{[volume & issue needed]} and "The Korvac Saga", featuring nearly every Avenger who joined the team up to that point.^{[volume & issue needed]} New members added during this time include the Beast,^[30] a resurrected Wonder Man,^{[volume & issue needed]} Captain America's former partner the Falcon,^{[volume & issue needed]} and Ms. Marvel.^{[volume & issue needed]}

Shooter also introduced the character of Henry Peter Gyrich, the Avengers' liaison to the United States National Security Council^{[volume & issue needed]}. Gyrich is prejudiced against superhumans,^{[volume & issue needed]} and acts in a heavy-handed, obstructive manner, insisting that the Avengers follow government rules and regulations or else lose their priority status with the government.^{[volume & issue needed]} Among Gyrich's demands is that the active roster be trimmed down to only seven members, and that the Falcon, an African American, be admitted to the team to comply with affirmative action laws. This last act is resented by Hawkeye, who because of the seven-member limit loses his membership slot to the Falcon. The Falcon, in turn, is unhappy to be the beneficiary of what he perceives to be tokenism, and decides to resign from the team, after which Hawkeye rejoins.^{[volume & issue needed]}

The first major development was the breakdown of Henry Pym,^{[volume & issue needed]} with his frequent changes of costume and name being symptomatic of an identity problem and an inferiority complex. After abusing his wife,^{[volume & issue needed]} failing to win back the confidence of the Avengers with a ruse and being duped by the villain Egghead, Pym is jailed.^[31] Writer Roger Stern later resolves this by having Pym outwit Egghead and defeat the latest incarnation of the Masters of Evil singlehandedly, thereby proving his innocence.^[32] Pym reconciles with the Wasp, but they decide to remain apart.^[33] Pym also retires from superheroics,^[33] but returns some years later.^[34]

Stern developed several major storylines, such as "Ultimate Vision" in which the Vision takes over the world's computer systems in a misguided attempt to create world peace;^[35] the formation of the West Coast Avengers;^[36] and "Avengers Under Siege" which involves the second Baron Zemo and the Masters of Evil taking over the mansion and severely injuring Jarvis and Hercules,^[37] "War on Olympus" in which Hercules' father Zeus blames the Avengers for his son's injuries and brings them to Olympus for trial^[38] and "Heavy Metal" in which the Super Adaptoid organizes several other robotic villains for an assault on the team.^[39] New members during the 1980s included an African American Captain Marvel named Monica Rambeau^[40] (who became the team's new leader^[41]); She-Hulk;^[42] Tigra^[43], Namor^[44], Starfox^[45] and Hawkeye's wife, Mockingbird,^[36] while Henry Pym emerges from retirement to join the West Coast Avengers.^[34] Stern also created the villain Nebula, who claimed - falsely - to be the granddaughter of Thanos.^[46] The team also relocated for a period to a floating island off the coast of New York called Hydrobase. The Avengers moved their base of operations to Hydrobase after the "Under Siege" storyline was completed in Avengers (1963-1996 1st Series) #277 (March 1987) where Avengers Mansion was severely damaged. The move to Hydrobase was undertaken in Avengers (1963-1996 1st Series) #278 (April 1987). Hydrobase was later sunk during the "Acts of Vengeance" crossover in issue #311 (Dec. 1989).

John Byrne eventually took over writing both titles and revamped the comics to allow members to be active when available and reserve when not available and merged the ^{[volume & issue needed]}two separate Avengers teams into one team with two bases. Byrne's contributions included a revamping of the Vision, and the discovery that the children of the Scarlet Witch and the Vision are actually illusions. The loss of the Scarlet Witch's children and the Vision (who is disassembled by government agents in retaliation for the "Ultimate Vision" ^{[volume & issue needed]}storyline) drives her insane, although she eventually recovers and rejoins the team. This story also revealed that the Scarlet Witch's powers include wide-range reality manipulation and she is what the time-traveling Immortus refers to as a "nexus being" setting the stage for 2004's eventual "Chaos" and "Avengers Disassembled" storylines. This played out in the "Darker than Scarlet" storyline which ^{[volume & issue needed]}ran in Avengers West Coast from issues #51 - 62. (November 1989 - September 1990.)

The Avengers titles were then^{[volume & issue needed]} embroiled in a major crossover event "Acts of Vengeance" wherein Loki assembles many of Marvel's arch-villains (with his inner circle consisting of Doctor Doom, Magneto, Kingpin, Mandarin, Wizard, and Red Skull) in a plot to destroy the team. Loki orchestrates a mass breakout of villains from prison facility the Vault, as part of his Acts of Vengeance scheme, but he ultimately fails in his goal to destroy the Avengers.

This decade coincided with a speculators' boom, followed by an industry-wide slump and Marvel filing for bankruptcy in 1997. During this period the U.S. government revokes the Avengers' New York State charter in a treaty with the Soviet Union. The Avengers then received a charter from the United Nations and again the Avengers split into two teams with a substitute reserve team backing up the main teams.

Bob Harras and Steve Epting took over the title, ^{[volume & issue needed]}and introduced a stable lineup with ongoing storylines and character development focused on the Black Knight, Sersi, Crystal, Quicksilver, Hercules and the Vision. Their primary enemies in this run include the mysterious Proctor and the Shi'ar warrior Deathcry. During this period, the team finds themselves facing increasingly murderous enemies, and are forced to question their rule against killing.^{[volume & issue needed]}

This culminated in "Operation: Galactic Storm", a 19-part storyline that ran through all Avengers-related titles and showcases a conflict between the Kree and the Shi'ar Empire. The team splits when Iron Man and several dissidents execute the Supreme Intelligence against the wishes of Captain America. After a vote disbanding the West Coast Avengers, Iron Man forms a proactive and aggressive team called Force Works. During the team's first mission Wonder Man is apparently killed again (his atoms are actually only temporarily scattered). Force Works later disbands after it is revealed that Iron Man has become a murderer via the manipulations of the villain Kang.^[47]

Together with the Fantastic Four and others, many of the Avengers apparently die stopping the gestalt psychic entity Onslaught, although it is later revealed that Franklin Richards preserves these heroes in a pocket universe. Believing the main team gone, the Black Widow disbands the Avengers, with only butler Jarvis remaining to tend to the Mansion.

Marvel contracted out Avengers and three related titles - Captain America, Fantastic Four, and Iron Man - to former Marvel artists Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld, two of the founding creators of Image Comics. The previous continuity of the Marvel Universe was set aside as the heroes were "reborn" in the pocket universe. While the Avengers was relaunched as a new series, the "Heroes Reborn" line ended after a year as planned and the license reverted to Marvel.^[48]

Writer Kurt Busiek and penciler George Pérez launched a new volume of the series with Avengers (vol. 3) #1 (Feb. 1998). Busiek also concurrently wrote the limited series Avengers Forever, a time-travel story that explored the history of the Avengers and resolved many outstanding questions. New members during this run included Ms. Marvel; the revived Wonder Man; Justice; Firestar; Silverclaw; and Triathlon. Busiek's run included many of the Avengers traditional villains such as the Grim Reaper;^[49] Ultron;^[50] Count Nefaria and Kang the Conqueror.^[51]

Successor writer Geoff Johns dealt with the aftermath of Busiek's Kang arc, as the Avengers are granted international authority by the United Nations. Members joining during this period included Jack of Hearts and the second Ant-Man. Chuck Austen followed as writer, and added a new Captain Britain to the team. Writer Brian Michael Bendis then rebooted the title with the "Avengers Disassembled" storyline.^[52] Titled "Chaos", the story featured the deaths of some members and a loss of credibility for the team. The culprit is revealed to be the Scarlet Witch, who has gone insane after agonizing over the memory of her lost children and who subsequently loses control of her reality-altering powers.^[53] With the team in disarray and Avengers Mansion ruined, the surviving members agree to disband.

With the original Avengers organization disbanded, a mass-escape attempt at the supervillain prison the Raft led Captain America and Iron Man to form a new Avengers team. The previously solo heroes Luke Cage, Ronin, the Sentry, Spider-Man, and Spider-Woman I, plus X-Men member Wolverine, were recruited for the team. Daredevil was the only solo hero to decline the offer to join the New Avengers.

During the Marvel Civil War over the U.S. government's new mandate that all superhumans be federally registered, an underground splinter group led by Captain America forms and retains the title of New Avengers.

Following the Civil War, Luke Cage leads the New Avengers consisting of Echo, Ronin (revealed to be a revived Hawkeye), Spider-Man, Spider-Woman I, Wolverine, Iron Fist, and Doctor Strange. This team fought the Hand led by Elektra where Echo slaying her revealed that Elektra was a Skrull in disguise. The team also fought the Hood when he rallied up some of the supervillains to join his organization. During the second battle, Doctor Strange withdrew from the team to recover after he had used dark magic to take out Hood's crime syndicate.

During the Skrull invasion on Earth, it turns out that the real Spider-Woman was abducted and replaced by the Skrull queen Veranke. After the Skrulls were defeated, the real Spider-Woman was rescued.

During the Dark Reign storyline, Echo and Iron Fist leave the team and the New Avengers gain Ms. Marvel, the second Captain America, and Mockingbird, who was revealed to be alive and a prisoner of the Skrulls at the end of the invasion, as members.

In response to the civil war Iron Man reforms the official team under the aegis of the government's Fifty State Initiative program, taking up residency in New York City with the roster of Ares, the Black Widow, Iron Man, the Sentry, the Wasp, Wonder Man, and leader Ms. Marvel (Carol Danvers).^[54]

All but Ares and The Sentry leave this team (except for The Wasp, who died in the Secret Invasion) as it is taken over by Norman Osborn and the team migrates to the Dark Avengers book. In the pages of The Mighty Avengers, Hank Pym, assuming the Wasp identity of his fallen ex-wife, leads a new team of Avengers, claiming the name for his team as he's the only founding Avenger on any of the three active Avengers rosters. His team operates under a multi-national umbrella group called the Global Reaction Agency for Mysterious Paranormal Activity (GRAMPA). This team features the roster of Hercules, Amadeus Cho, Stature, the Vision, Jocasta, U.S. Agent, Quicksilver and Hank Pym. Scarlet Witch (actually Loki in disguise) is a recurring character. Iron Man and Hulk were briefly with them during their battle with Chthon.

After the events of Secret Invasion, Norman Osborn assumes control of the formerly-SHIELD-sponsored Avengers, now under the auspices of his own agency, HAMMER. He retains Ares and Sentry from the previous team, recruits Marvel Boy and Daken to pose as his father, Wolverine, and brings Moonstone, Bullseye, and Venom from his previous Thunderbolts team to impersonate Ms. Marvel, Hawkeye, and Spider-Man, respectively.

After the conclusion of the Siege story arc, which will also end the Dark Reign storyline, all four of the then-current Avengers series (consisting of "Mighty Avengers," "New Avengers," "Dark Avengers," and "Avengers: The Initiative") were canceled and a new ongoing series titled Avengers was launched in May 2010. Brian Michael Bendis and John Romita, Jr. serve as regular writer and artist, respectively.^[55] Bendis has stated that the full roster will be revealed in the first issue of the series.^[56] The launch marks the beginning of what Marvel calls the "Heroic Age", after seven years of grim story lines, including a superhero "civil war" that pitted Iron Man against Spider-Man and the death of Captain America. According to Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Joe Quesada, "Heroes will be heroes again... They've gone through hell and they're back to being good guys — a throwback to the early days of the Marvel Universe, with more of a swashbuckling feel".^[57]

Noh-Varr is recruited into the Avengers team to help them build a time machine to save the future. ^[58]

A second title called Secret Avengers is released in May 2010, written by Ed Brubaker with Mike Deodato as regular artist.^[59] The second volume of the New Avengers series is relaunched in June 2010, written by Bendis and drawn by Stuart Immonen.^[60] A fourth title called Avengers Academy is also launched in June 2010, replacing Avengers: The Initiative. Christos Gage serves as writer, with Mike McKone as artist.^[61]

A short-lived team of superheroes in the 1950s called themselves the "Avengers". Consisting of Marvel Boy, Venus, the 3-D Man, Gorilla-Man, the Human Robot, Jimmy Woo, Namora and Jann of the Jungle,^[62] the team exists in an alternate timeline that is erased by the time-manipulating Immortus.^[63] A version of the group without the 3-D Man and Jann exists in mainstream continuity, and eventually reforms in the present day.^[64]

In the alternate future timeline known as MC2, the Avengers have disbanded and Avengers Mansion is now a museum. An emergency forces Edwin Jarvis to sound an alert, and a new generation of heroes form a new team of Avengers. Most of the new Avengers are children of established Marvel superheroes.

In the Ultimate Marvel Universe, the Avengers are named "The Ultimates", and were formed by Ultimate Nick Fury to protect America against superhuman threats.^[65]

In an alternate future depicted in Runaways, Gertrude Yorkes's future self traveled back in time. In this future, she is the leader of the Avengers under the name Heroine.^[66] This lineup of the Avengers features an Iron Woman, a heroic Scorpion, the "Fantastic Fourteen", and multiple Captain Americas.^[67] Armor joins as well.

The Avengers exist as a team prior to the zombie contagion's arrival in the original Marvel Zombies universe, resembling their pre-Disassembled roster. When several of their members are infected, they set about eating humanity and send out a bogus "Avengers Assemble" call to draw superhumans to the Avengers Mansion, infecting more heroes and thus spreading the virus. The team falls apart and many of its members are killed as time passes.^[68]

A second team of zombified Avengers appears in Marvel Zombies Return. This team is an ersatz Justice League brought together to find food and kill any resistance (zombified or uninfected) and is led by the Sentry (a parallel for Superman). Also on the team are the zombified Moon Knight (paralleling Batman), Namor (paralleling Aquaman), Quasar (paralleling Green Lantern), Quicksilver (paralleling the Flash), Thundra (paralleling Wonder Woman), and Super-Skrull (paralleling the Martian Manhunter). They are also joined by the zombie Giant-Man of the original Zombiverse, who is trying to power a dimensional teleporter, but are all killed by Spider-Man's New Avengers, composed of himself along with Iron Man, Sandman, War-Machine and the zombified Hulk and Wolverine.^[69]

In the alternate reality created by the Scarlet Witch, Luke Cage forms a team of superpowered humans to fight for human rights.^[70]

A humanized version of the Avengers band together during the Age of Apocalypse.^[71]

• Marvel Comics: Avengers official site
• Big Comic Book DataBase: Avengers
• MDP:Avengers - Marvel Database Project (wiki)
• Avengers Assemble! Archives and Database
• Avengers Forever Fan site