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September 1921

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September 21, 1921: 560 people killed in explosion at BASF chemical factory in Germany
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September 22, 1921: The Mahatma Gandhi switches to traditional Indian attire

The following events occurred in September 1921:

September 1, 1921 (Thursday)

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  • The “Poplar Rates Rebellion” broke out in London after several members of Poplar Borough Council were arrested, including council leader, George Lansbury, for refusing to hand over payments to London County Council.[1]
  • The first "superdreadnought" of the U.S. Navy, USS Washington, was launched at Camden, New Jersey. With an all-electric-driven engine, the warship had eight 16 inches (410 mm) guns and was capable of a speed of 21 knots.[2]
  • The League of Nations Supreme Council appointed an international commission to determine the Silesian boundary between Germany and Poland, with Paul Hymans of Belgium, Dr. V. K. Wellington Koo of China, Count Quinones de Leon of Spain and Dr. Gastoa de Cunha of Brazil.[2]

September 2, 1921 (Friday)

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September 3, 1921 (Saturday)

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  • On the first full day of U.S. Army intervention in the Battle of Blair Mountain in Mingo County, West Virginia, about 400 of 4,000 armed miners agreed to disarm and surrendered their weapons to the federal troops. Most miners in the insurrection fled into the West Virginia hills, and many hid their weapons.[11]
  • Representatives of U.S. oil companies signed an agreement with the government of Mexico after negotiating a favorable tariff on Mexican petroleum exports.[12][13]
  • The Republic of China appointed Dr. W. W. Yen to be its chief delegate to the November arms limitation conference.[2]
  • The SS Abessinia, a German-registered cargo ship, was wrecked on Knivestone in the Farne Islands off the coast of England, after being surrendered to the United Kingdom by Germany as part of World War One reparations. The wreckage can still be seen in the North Sea and the site is popular with divers.[14]
  • Ernest Hemingway, at the time a 22-year old American journalist, married 30-year old Elizabeth Hadley Richardson, the first of four marriages for Hemingway. The couple would divorce in 1927 after his affair with Pauline Pfeiffer[15]

September 4, 1921 (Sunday)

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  • Irish Nationalist Éamon de Valera replied to the July 20 proposals by British Prime Minister David Lloyd George and rejected the idea of limited self-government within the UK for southern Ireland. De Valera insisted on Dominion status similar to that of other dominions such as Canada, the end of British armed forces occupation, freedom from British parliamentary acts and a unity with the province of Northern Ireland.[16]
  • A treaty between the United States and the Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand) went into effect, with the U.S. giving up extraterritorial rights within Siam and Siam gaining full fiscal autonomy.[17]
  • The Emirate of Afghanistan ratified a treaty of non-interference with the Soviet Union.[2]
  • France agreed to accept reparations of building supplies worth seven billion German marks as a substitute for German gold.[2]
  • The first Italian Grand Prix was staged on a 10.7-mile (17.2 km) series of roads near the village of Montichiari in the province of Brescia.[18] The race would be moved in 1922 to a specially-built tract near Milan at the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza.
  • Prince Hirohito of Japan returned home after completing his tour of Europe.[2] He would not return to Europe until almost exactly 50 years later, as the first Emperor of Japan to depart the nation.
  • Born:

September 5, 1921 (Monday)

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Arbuckle and Rappe

September 6, 1921 (Tuesday)

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September 7, 1921 (Wednesday)

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The Town House [35]
  • The British government cabinet met outside of England for the first time, holding an emergency session at the Town House of the city of Inverness in Scotland. Prime Minister Lloyd George was on vacation in nearby Gairloch. From the meeting came the government's counteroffer to Ireland's Éamon de Valera, proposing a September 20 conference at Inverness in Scotland with Dáil Éireann delegates on the condition that Ireland agree to remain within the British Empire.[36]
  • The Army of Nicaragua successfully repelled Nicaraguan rebels who were attempting to invade the Central American nation from neighboring Honduras. After the rebels fled back across the border, 1,300 of them were captured by troops of the Army of Honduras.[2]
  • Distribution of American famine relief for Russia began in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) as kitchens were opened and food was distributed.[37]
  • Major League Baseball Commissioner and former judge K. M. Landis, who had agreed to be the arbitrator in a dispute between unionized construction workers and construction firms, ordered a reduction of up to one-third in the wages of the laborers, from $1.25 an hour to 70¢ an hour.[2]
  • The British-registered ocean liner Almanzora ran aground at Oporto, Portugal.[38] Her 1,200 passengers were taken off the following day, and[39] the ship was refloated on September 13.[40]
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • Johann Christoph Neupert, 78, founder of the Neupert company that manufactured pianos and harpsichords.
    • John Tamatoa Baker, 69, Hawaiian-born politician who served as the governor of the Island of Hawaii within the Kingdom of Hawaii during 1892 and 1893

September 8, 1921 (Thursday)

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  • The Soviet government of Russia denied the Allied Relief Commission authority to investigate famine conditions in the Russian interior.[2]
  • The American representatives for the November 11 arms limitation conference scheduled for Washington were named, to be led by U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes, former Secretary of State Elihu Root, and to include both the Republican and Democratic U.S. Senate leaders, Henry Cabot Lodge and Oscar W. Underwood.[42]
  • Soviet troops completed their withdrawal from the short-lived Soviet Republic of Gilan, following negotiations with Persia.[43]
  • U.S. philanthropist Urbain Ledoux, who billed himself as "Mister Zero", staged a job fair in Boston in which he displayed 150 unemployed job seekers on an auction block in the same manner of slaves, including having the men pose shirtless, to be "auctioned off" to potential employers.[44]
  • British Prime Minister David Lloyd George offered Ireland's new leader Éamon de Valera a compromise allowing Ireland limited sovereignty within the British Empire.[45][46]
Miss Gorman, the first Miss America

September 9, 1921 (Friday)

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  • The Cunard Line ship RMS Aquitainia set a speed record in crossing the Atlantic Ocean, averaging 22.45 knots (25.835 miles per hour (41.577 km/h)) in making the run from Cherbourg to New York in 5 days, 16 hours and 57 minutes.[49]
  • The Praya East Reclamation Scheme was launched with an order from the Hong Kong government.[50]
  • The Ku Klux Klan announced that it would take legal action for libel against any publications that reprinted the ’’New York World’’ exposé of its activities.[51]
  • A group of 18 federal agents of the U.S. narcotics squad raided the Greek ocean liner King Alexander while it was anchored in New York and fought a gun battle, wounding five members of the crew, beating 20 more, and arresting 326 people after being tipped off that the ship was smuggling narcotics and liquor. The agents reportedly seized more than one million dollars worth of illegal cargo, but were unable to catch the leader of the narcotics ring, Sabas Meninthis, who was the fourth officer of the King Alexander. New York Harbor police fired at the federal agents, mistaking them as smugglers. One hour after the raid, the leader of the narcotic squad raiders, Frank J. Fitzpatrick, committed suicide by shooting himself in the chest.[52]
  • Born: Mohamed Abdel Ghani el-Gamasy, Egyptian military officer and commander of Egypt's armed forces during the 1973 Yom Kippur War against Israel; in al-Batanun, Monufia Governorate[53] (d. 2003)
  • Died:
    • Akbar Allahabadi (pen name for Syed Akbar Hussain), 74, Urdu language satirical poet in India [54]
    • Dr. Peter Freyer, 70, pioneering Irish genitourinary surgeon [55]
    • Virginia Rappe, 30, American film actress who had been raped four days earlier at a party hosted by Fatty Arbuckle, died of peritonitis from a ruptured bladder (b. 1891)[56]

September 10, 1921 (Saturday)

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  • At least 215 people were killed in a flash flood of the Brazos River and its tributaries in the U.S. state of Texas.[57][58] In San Antonio, 51 people died as waters 12 feet (3.7 m) high rushed through the downtown business district.[59][60] Hardest hit was the town of Taylor, Texas, where 87 people drowned after 39.7 inches (1,010 mm) of rain fell in 36 hours in Williamson County.
  • Thirty-four people in Chester, Pennsylvania were killed when a wooden footbridge on Third Street collapsed.[61] A group of about 60 men, women and children had crowded the old structure to watch the recovery of a drowning victim, when the bridge fell 15 feet (4.6 m) into the river.
  • Thirty-eight people were killed and 60 more injured in France in the derailment of a Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée (PLM) express train shortly at the station at Les Échets, after departing Lyons for Strasbourg. Most of the casualties were French Army soldiers who were returning to Alsace after being on furlough.[62]
  • The first ascent of the steep north face of the Eiger, the 13,015 feet (3,967 m) mountain in the Alps of Switzerland, was made by a team of four climbers, Maki Yūkō of Japan, and Fritz Steuri, Fritz Amatter and Samuel Brawand of Switzerland.[63][64]
Duke of Teschen

September 11, 1921 (Sunday)

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September 12, 1921 (Monday)

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  • The Soviet Union declared war on the Kingdom of Romania in order to reclaim the territory of Bessarabia, 18,000 square miles (47,000 km2) of territory awarded from the Russian Empire to Romania by the Allied Supreme Council in 1919.[75]
  • The government of the British Mandate for Palestine signed an agreement to provide for electric power infrastructure for most of the future nation of Israel, granting Pinchas Rutenberg's Jaffa Electric Company the exclusive right to use a 70-year concession to generate hydroelectric power from the Yarkon River.[76]
  • Dock workers in parts of Ireland were forced to accept a reduction of one shilling per day in their wages because of a downturn in the industry.[77]
  • The State Alien Poll Tax law in California was declared unconstitutional in a unanimous decision of The Supreme Court of California[78]

September 13, 1921 (Tuesday)

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September 14, 1921 (Wednesday)

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The "World Court" seal

September 15, 1921 (Thursday)

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September 16, 1921 (Friday)

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September 17, 1921 (Saturday)

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Antarctica-bound Quest
  • The first season of the newly established Irish Free State League of Ireland began, with three games involving the soccer football league's six teams. Frank Haine of Bohemians scored the first ever goal in the new league in their 5–0 win against the YMCA. The other scores were Shelbourne 3, Frankfort 1; and St James's Gate 5, Dublin United 1.[105]
  • The Shackleton–Rowett Expedition to Antarctica, led by explorer Ernest Shackleton and financed by John Q. Rowett, departed from the St Katharine Docks of London on the steam-powered schooner Quest.[106][107]
  • The Dovre Line rail link between Oslo and Trondheim in Norway was officially opened. The next day, the rail line suffered its first fatal accident.[108]
  • The All Blacks and Springboks drew 0–0 in the third and deciding test of their inaugural rugby union series in appalling conditions at Wellington, New Zealand. The All Blacks had won the first test in Dunedin 13-5 and the Springboks had won the second test in Auckland 9 to 5, thus making the three-test series 1-1 and setting the scene for one of the great rivalries in world rugby and sport. [citation needed]
  • Born: Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of Colombia from 1986 to 1990, in Cúcuta[109] (d. 1997)

September 18, 1921 (Sunday)

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Abd el-Krim

September 19, 1921 (Monday)

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September 20, 1921 (Tuesday)

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September 21, 1921 (Wednesday)

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  • An industrial explosion killed 560 people, and injured 2,000 others after a tower silo containing 4,500 tonnes of ammonium-based fertilizer blew up at the Badische Anilinfabrik Company (BASF) plant and leveled the town of Oppau in Germany.[124][125] "Put Loss in Oppau at a Billion Marks— 500 Bodies Recovered From 150-Acre Waste of Badische Plant
  • The League of Nations approved a resolution to elect a commission to study the feasibility of a League organization for members to exchange cultural, educational and scientific information, which would lead to the creation of the International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC) on August 1, 1922, a forerunner of UNESCO.[126]
Footit et Chocolat

September 22, 1921 (Thursday)

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  • At the city of Madurai in British India, the Mahatma Gandhi, leader of the passive resistance movement against British rule, decided to abandon the Western attire that he had worn as a lawyer, in favor of the traditional robe and loin cloth worn by the poorest of the Indian people.[129] He would continue to dress in the style of the common man for the rest of his life.
  • Fourteen of the crew of the Norwegian cargo ship Salina were killed when the ship collided with the Belgian ship Jan Breydel and sank in the English Channel. Survivors were rescued by the Jan Breydel.[130][131]
  • Dr. Gustav Ritter von Kahr, the right-wing Premier of Bavaria and a sympathizer with the cause of the secession of Bavaria from the Weimar Republic of Germany, was replaced by the moderately conservative Count Hugo von Lerchenfeld of Köfering—Schönberg.[97]
  • The Central Legislative Assembly representing the indigenous majority of British India voted to lobby the British government to repeal the repressive Rowlatt Act that permitted colonial authorities to arrest and imprison suspects indefinitely without trial.[97]
  • Seethikoya Thangal, leader of rebels in what is now India's state of Kerala, proclaimed himself the Governor of a kingdom based in Kumaramputhur.[97]
Mrs. Wintringham

September 23, 1921 (Friday)

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  • At Geneva, Poland and Germany signed a treaty allowing Germany to retain the independent port of Danzig.[135] After World War II, the "Free State of Danzig" and surrounding communities became a permanent part of Poland as Gdansk.
  • With nine games left in the pennant race in baseball's American League, and six of the AL's eight teams eliminated from contention, the first place New York Yankees (91-53) and the second place Cleveland Indians (92-54) met for the first part of a four-game scheduled regular season series that would ultimately determine who would go to the World Series, and the Yankees won, 4 to 2, to take the lead in the race.[136] Cleveland won the Saturday game, 9 to 0, while the Yankees beat the Indians in the Sunday installment, 21 to 7 [137] and the Monday final, 8 to 7, putting the Indians two games behind the Yankees with only four left to play.[138]
  • Johnny Buff (John Lisky) won the world bantamweight boxing championship at the age of 32, defeating titleholder Pete Herman (Peter Gulotta), who had recently reclaimed the title on July 25, in a 15-round bout at Madison Square Garden.[139]
  • Born: Joe Hill Louis, American blues musician who died prematurely from a tetanus infection; in Raines, Tennessee (d. 1957) [140]
  • Died: Bernard de Romanet, 27, French Army lieutenant and World War One flying ace with 18 aerial victories, later a sporting pilot who broke the world speed record twice in 1920 (with a maximum speed of 192 kilometres per hour (119 mph), was killed in a plane crash while taking part in the qualifying races for the Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe, where he had planned to reclaim the world speed record from Joseph Sadi-Lecointe. According to witnesses from the ground, it appeared that Romanet had unofficially surpassed 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph) and then 300 kilometres per hour (190 mph) in a Lumière-de Monge racer monoplane but that the fabric on the left wing had torn off, causing him to crash near Étampes.[141] The Monge had recently been converted from a biplane to a monoplane when the lower wings were removed in order to increase speed, and plunged from an altitude of 650 feet (200 m).[142]

September 24, 1921 (Saturday)

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  • In Budapest, former Hungarian Prime Minister and Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Gyula Andrássy escaped an assassination attempt. Anti-monarchist Ibrahim Kover fired five shots at Andrassy and former National Assembly leader Rakovsky, both leaders of the Christian National Union Party (KNEP), which advocated bringing the last ruler of Austria-Hungary, King Karoly IV, back to the throne.[143]
  • The first International Eugenics Conference since 1912, and only the second one ever held, was closed in London with an address by British Army Major Leonard Darwin, a eugenicist and politician, as well as the son of Charles Darwin. Major Darwin told the delegates that it was the patriotic duty of "better class" families to propagate because those persons with "superior" genetic traits were "disappearing" while "inferior" citizens were rapidly multiplying.[97]
  • The Council of Ambassadors in the League of Nations demanded that Hungary evacuate the Burgenland section of Austria, which Hungarian partisans claimed as "Őrvidék".[97]
  • The U.S. Army's Air Service tested its bombing skills on the retired battleship USS Alabama with a simulated bombing using smoke bombs and tear gas, as well as a crew of mannequins substituting for enemy sailors.[144]
  • The Council of the League of Nations presented the Hymans Commission report to the League Assembly on the recommended settlement of the dispute between Poland and Lithuania over Vilnius, which Poland's General Lucjan Zeligowski had seized in October.[97]
  • Three people were killed near Staten Island in New York when their sailboat was run over by a Cunard Line cruise ship, the RMS Caronia, which had departed New York bound for Liverpool. Harbor police concluded that the engine of the sloop John Anton had stalled as the boat was attempting to steer out of the path of the oncoming Caronia, which sliced the smaller craft in half.[145]
  • The first college football game to be held at what is now Neyland Stadium on the campus of the University of Tennessee took place at Shields-Watkins Field, with the UT Volunteers defeating Emory & Henry College, 27 to 0. The bleachers had seating for 3,200 people on opening day; 100 years later, Neyland Stadium would be able to seat more than 30 times as many people, with 102,455 seats.[146]

September 25, 1921 (Sunday)

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  • Poland's President, Józef Piłsudski, narrowly escaped an assassination attempt in Lwow as Ukrainian activist Stepan Fedak fired at an open car carrying Pilsudski and Lwow Governor Kazimierz Grabowski.[97] Governor Grabowski was struck twice and a third shot struck the car windshield when Pilsudski ducked.[147]
  • The first public radio broadcast in Bulgaria was made, as the wireless telegraph station at Sofia transmitted a recording of a concert that it had received from a German radiostation at Nauen.[148]
  • Born:

September 26, 1921 (Monday)

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September 27, 1921 (Tuesday)

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  • For the first time in more than six years, residents of the United Kingdom were allowed to have alcoholic beverages served to them at pubs, restaurants and hotels in the evening, as restrictions issued in 1915 under the Defence of the Realm Act 1914 (known by the acronym "D.O.R.A.") were lifted. Alcohol could be served up until midnight, and patrons were allowed until 12:30 in the morning to consume their drinks.[159]
  • The first radio station in Mexico went on the air, transmitting from the Chapultepec section of Mexico City at 20 watts of power.[160]
  • At Evere Airfield in Evere, Belgium, fire broke out in the airplane hangar leased by the Belgian airline SNETA (Syndicat national d'Etude des Transports Aériens), destroying one-third of the company's fleet (seven planes out of 21).[161][162][163]
  • The Assembly of the League of Nations voted to postpone any further discussion of disarmament for a year, and approved the attendance of its members at the upcoming Washington Disarmament Conference, in accordance with the recommendations made to the League on September 19.[97]
  • The Chicago Fire Department announced that an inspection of its records, pertaining to the Great Chicago Fire of October 8, 1871, refuted the myth regarding "Mrs. O'Leary's Cow". The popular story had been that the fire, which had started with a blaze at a barn on 137 DeKoven Street, had been caused when Mrs. Catherine O'Leary had gone into milk a cow on the evening of the fire and that the cow had kicked her, causing her to drop a lantern that set hay in the fire ablaze. A re-examination of the records, made in advance of observances of the 50th anniversary of the event, showed that Mrs. O'Leary had gone to bed at 8:30 that evening, one hour before the fire department had been alerted about the start of a fire.[164]
  • Born: Melvin "Slappy" White, African American Vegas comedian and TV actor; in Baltimore (d. 1995) [165]
  • Died: Engelbert Humperdinck, 67, German composer[166][167]

September 28, 1921 (Wednesday)

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Lt. Macready

September 29, 1921 (Thursday)

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  • British Prime Minister David Lloyd George sent a new invitation to Ireland's declared President, Éamon de Valera, proposing a "fresh invitation" to negotiations and discussion of Ireland's place as a nation within the British Empire.[172]
  • The U.S. Committee on Unemployment Statistics reported record high unemployment in the United States.[173]
  • Baseball's New York Giants, with a 93–57 record and three games left to play, clinched the National League pennant after the second-place Pittsburgh Pirates dropped both games of a doubleheader to the third place St. Louis Cardinals, losing the first 5 to 4 and the second 3 to 1, dropping their record to 89–62 with three games left.[174] On September 16 and 17, the Giants had beaten the Pirates 5 to 0 and 6 to 1, the margin of difference, when at the season's end, the Giants finished four games ahead.
  • Born:
    • Hedda Lundh, Danish journalist and teacher who served as a resistance leader against the Nazi occupation of Denmark during World War II; in Korsør (d. 2012) [175]
    • Jackie Kahane, Canadian-born American standup comedian who was the warmup act for Elvis Presley's concerts; in Montreal (d. 2001) [176]

September 30, 1921 (Friday)

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References

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  1. ^ Noreen Branson (June 1979). Poplarism, 1919-1925: George Lansbury and the councillors' revolt. Lawrence and Wishart. p. 63. ISBN 9780853154341.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o The American Review of Reviews, Volume 64 (October, 1921) pp 359-363
  3. ^ "Fighting Continues in Mountains as Federal Troops Reach Mingo— Soldiers Arrive in Area", The New York Times, September 3, 1921, p. 1
  4. ^ "Washington Delays Martial Law Order— Administration Hopes to Avert Extreme Step, Believing the Troops Are Sufficient", The New York Times, September 3, 1921, p. 1
  5. ^ "League of Nations Treaty Series", vol. 7, pp. 294-301
  6. ^ Max Robertson (28 August 1974). The encyclopedia of tennis. Viking Press. p. 195. ISBN 9780670294084.
  7. ^ Paul Rouse (8 October 2015). Sport and Ireland: A History. OUP Oxford. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-19-106302-2.
  8. ^ "Henry Austin Dobson, British Poet, Dead", The New York Times, September 3, 1921, p. 7
  9. ^ "Lucas, Anthony Francis (1855–1921)", by Robert Wooster, Handbook of Texas, Texas State Historical Association
  10. ^ Colajanni, Napoleone, by Massimo Ganci, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
  11. ^ "400 Miners Surrender with Arms as Troops Surround Fighting Area; Quick Peace in Sight in West Virginia", The New York Times, September 4, 1921, p. 1
  12. ^ "Americans Reach Accord in Mexico on Oil Taxation", The New York Times, September 4, 1921, p. 1
  13. ^ "Obregon Approves Oil Settlement", The New York Times, September 5, 1921, p. 1
  14. ^ "Farne Islands". Roho Dive. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  15. ^ Charles M. Oliver, Ernest Hemingway A to Z: The Essential Reference to the Life and Work (Checkmark, 1999) p. 140
  16. ^ "Sinn Fein Again Rejects British Offer; Denies That It Grants Dominion Status, But Will Confer on a Basis of 'Consent'", The New York Times, September 4, 1921, p. 1
  17. ^ "Siamese Treaty in Force", The New York Times, September 4, 1921, p. 2
  18. ^ Colin Goodwin. The Racing Driver's Pocket–Book. p. 9. ISBN 9781844861347.
  19. ^ Adam Bernstein (February 21, 2010). "Ariel Ramirez dies; Argentine composer wrote 'Misa Criolla'". The Washington Post. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  20. ^ "Rediscovering the art of Atasi Barua", The Heritage Lab
  21. ^ "Roscoe Arbuckle Faces an Inquiry on Woman's Death— Miss Virginia Rappe Dies Following a Party in Movie Actor's Rooms", The New York Times, September 11, 1921, p. 1
  22. ^ Janet Street-Porter (1983). Scandal!. Dell Publishing Company. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-440-58260-1.
  23. ^ "Karnebeek Heads League Assembly; Americans Look On", The New York Times, September 6, 1921, p. 1
  24. ^ Colby H. Kullman; William C. Young (1986). Theatre Companies of the World. Greenwood Press. p. 316. ISBN 978-0-313-21456-1.
  25. ^ Max Robertson (28 August 1974). The encyclopedia of tennis. Viking Press. ISBN 9780670294084.
  26. ^ "Consorts of Monogamous Egyptian Heads of State". Egy. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  27. ^ "Das Institut trauert um Carsten Bresch" (The Institute Mourns Carsten Bresch"), by Karsten Voigt, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Institute of Biology, March 4, 2020
  28. ^ "The First Madam Sheriffs", by E.R. Bills, Texas Co-op Power newsletter (June 2013)
  29. ^ "Ku Klux Klan Wars on Catholics, Jews; Reap Rich Returns", The New York World, September 6, 1921, p. 1
  30. ^ Michael Newton, White Robes and Burning Crosses: A History of the Ku Klux Klan from 1866 (McFarland, 2016) pp. 44-45
  31. ^ "Peace Portal Omen Hailed by Nations— Canadians and Americans Join in Dedicating Approach to Pacific Highway", The New York Times, September 7, 1921, p. 10
  32. ^ "Peace Arch – City of Surrey Heritage Sites". www.surrey.ca. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
  33. ^ Margalit Fox (December 12, 2012). "N. Joseph Woodland, Inventor of the Bar Code, Dies at 91". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-12-13. Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept. 6, 1921. ...
  34. ^ "Michael A. Streicher (1921-2006)", in Materials Performance magazine (June 2006)
  35. ^ attribution: Sara Thomas
  36. ^ "Cabinet Asks Irish to parley Sept. 20; Must Stay in Empire", The New York Times, September 8, 1921, p. 1
  37. ^ "Hoover's Agents Aiding Petrograd", The New York Times, September 8, 1921, p. 3
  38. ^ "Royal Mail liner stranded". The Times. No. 42820. London. 8 September 1921. col E, p. 7.
  39. ^ "The stranded Almanzora". The Times. No. 42821. London. 9 September 1921. col F, p. 8.
  40. ^ "Almanzora refloated". The Times. No. 42825. London. 14 September 1921. col G, p. 8.
  41. ^ "Alfred Schild of U. of Texas Dead; Advanced Many Einstein Theories", "The New York Times, May 25, 1977
  42. ^ "Hughes, Lodge, Root, Underwood Slated As Arms Delegates", The New York Times, September 9, 1921, p. 1
  43. ^ Aryeh Yodfat (27 April 2012). The Soviet Union and Revolutionary Iran (RLE Iran D). Taylor & Francis. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-136-83370-0.
  44. ^ "Jobless Men 'Sold' on Boston Common in Plea for Work", The New York Times, September 9, 1921, p. 1
  45. ^ Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (August 1926). The Parliamentary Debates (official Report).: House of Commons. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 581.
  46. ^ Éamon de Valera; David Lloyd George (1921). Official Correspondence Relating to the Peace Negotiations, June-September, 1921.
  47. ^ Judith Freeman Clark (1987). Almanac of American Women in the 20th Century. Prentice Hall Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-13-022658-7.
  48. ^ Secombe, Harry (1989). Arias & raspberries: the autobiography of Harry Secombe. 'The raspberry years'., Volume 1. Robson. p. 21. ISBN 0-86051-624-5.
  49. ^ "Aquitania in with a Post-War Record", The New York Times, September 10, 1921, p. 8
  50. ^ Hong Kong (1921). The Ordinances of Hong Kong for the Year... authority. Noronha, government printers. p. vii.
  51. ^ "Klan Will Sue New York Sheet". Atlanta Constitution. 9 Sep 1921. p. 11.
  52. ^ "5 Shot in $1,000,000 Drug Raid; 1 Missing; Greek Liner Seized", The New York Times, September 10, 1921, p. 1
  53. ^ "al-Jamasi, Muhammad 'Ab al-Ghani", in Biographical Dictionary of Modern Egypt, ed. by Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. (Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000) pp. 94-95
  54. ^ "Akbar Allahabadi and National Politics", by Iqbal Husain, The Social Scientist (May, 1988) pp. 29-45
  55. ^ "Sir Peter Freyer, 1851 - 1921", The British Association of Urological Surgeons Ltd.
  56. ^ Illinois, Cook County Birth Registers, 1871-1915, Mabel Rapp in entry for Rapp, 07 Jul 1891; citing p.254 no.12677, Chicago, Cook, Illinois, Cook County Courthouse, Chicago; FHL microfilm 1,287,737.
  57. ^ "Major and Catastrophic Storms and Floods in Texas", United States Geological Service (USGS)
  58. ^ "40 Known Dead, Fear 250 Perished in Flood That Sweeps San Antonio; Property Loss Is Put at $3,000,000", The New York Times, September 11, 1921, p. 1
  59. ^ "Flood Waters Sweep Into San Antonio", The New York Times, September 10, 1921, p. 3
  60. ^ "Find 109 More Dead in Texas Lowlands— San Antonio Dead Now 49", The New York Times, September 13, 1921, p. 3
  61. ^ "34 Persons Drown As Crowded Bridge Falls Into River", The New York Times, September 11, 1921, p. 1
  62. ^ "French Wreck Dead 30", The New York Times, September 12, 1921, p. 2
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