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Manchester Open

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Northern Championships
Manchester Open
Defunct tennis tournament
TourILTF Circuit (1913–1967)
Grand Prix circuit, (1970–1989)
ATP Tour, (1990–1994)
Founded1880
Abolished2009
Editions119
LocationManchester, England
Liverpool, England
VenueNorthern Lawn Tennis Club (Manchester)
Aigburth Cricket Ground (Liverpool)[1]
SurfaceGrass / outdoor

The Manchester Open previously known as the Northern Lawn Tennis Championships, the Northern Championships, the Northern Tennis Tournament and the Manchester Trophy was a grass court tennis tournament on the ATP Tour held at the Northern Lawn Tennis Club, in the Didsbury suburb of Manchester, Great Britain. The tournament had been held annually from 1880 to 2009.

Prior to the creation of the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the establishment of its world championship events in 1913 it was considered by players and historians one of the four most important tennis tournaments to win.[2][3][4] The others being Wimbledon, the U.S. National championships and the Irish Championships. Between 1970 and 1989 it was part of the men's Grand Prix tennis tour.

History

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The first edition in July 1880 was held at the Broughton Cricket Club while the Kersal Cricket Ground staged the 1881 event.[5][6] The 1882 edition was the first one to be held in Liverpool and saw the addition of the women's singles event, won by May Langrishe, as well as the women's and mixed doubles events. Prior to the creation of the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the establishment of its world championship events in 1913 it was considered by players and historians one of the four most important tennis tournaments to win.[7][8][9] the others being Wimbledon, the U.S. National championships and the Irish Championships. From its inception until 1927 the location of the tournament alternated between Manchester and Liverpool.[10] Between 1970 and 1989 it was part of the men's Grand Prix Tennis Tour known throughout the 1980s as the Greater Manchester Grass Court Tennis Championships.[11] In 1990 it became an ATP Tour event as part of the ATP International Series until 1994. In 1995 the tournament was moved to Nottingham and continued as an ATP World Series event. The current Manchester Trophy Challenger is part of the ATP Challenger Tour; throughout its history the event has been won by a number of Wimbledon champions such as Pete Sampras, who won his first grass court title there.[12] The tournament ended in 2009.

Finals

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Men's singles

[edit]
Northern Championships
Year Champions Runners-up Score
1880 British Empire Richard T. Richardson British Empire Walter E. Fairlie 6–0, 6–3, 6–0
1881 British Empire Richard T. Richardson (2) British Empire John Comber 6–1, 6–1, 6–0
1882 British Empire Richard T. Richardson (3) British Empire Ernest Renshaw 6–1, 3–6, 5–7, 6–4, 11–9
1883 British Empire Herbert Wilberforce British Empire Champion Russell 6–1, 3–6, 6–1, 6–0
1884 British Empire Donald C. Stewart British Empire Herbert Wilberforce 5–7, 6–4, 6–4, 6–0
1885 United States James Dwight British Empire Donald C. Stewart 6–2, 6–4, 6–4
1886 British Empire Harry Grove United States James Dwight 6–4, 6–3, 6–1
1887 British Empire Harry Grove (2) Ireland Grainger Chaytor 4–6, 6–2, 8–10, 6–4, 6–2
1888 Ireland Willoughby Hamilton British Empire Harry Grove 6–1, 8–6, 6–1
1889 Ireland Willoughby Hamilton (2) Ireland Harold Mahony 6–3, 3–6, 6–1, 6–2
1890 Ireland Joshua Pim Ireland Willoughby Hamilton 2–6, 6–8, 7–5, 7–5, 6–3
1891 Ireland Joshua Pim (2) British Empire Wilfred Baddeley 4–6, 8–6, 6–4, 7–5
1892 Ireland Joshua Pim (3) British Empire Harry S. Barlow 4–6, 6–1, 6–4, 6–4
1893 Ireland Joshua Pim (4) Ireland Harold Mahony 4–6, 6–3, 7–5, 6–2
1894 British Empire Wilfred Baddeley British Empire Joshua Pim 4–6, 11–9, 4–6, 6–3, 6–4
1895 British Empire Wilfred Baddeley (2) Ireland Herbert Baddeley 6–8, 6–2, 6–4, 1–0 ret.
1896 British Empire Wilfred Baddeley (3) Ireland Harold Mahony 6–1, 10–12, 7–5, 6–4
1897 British Empire Wilfred Baddeley (4) British Empire Reginald Doherty 6–2, 7–5, 2–6, 6–0
1898 British Empire Laurence Doherty United States Clarence Hobart 6–1, 6–1, 8–6
1899 British Empire Sydney H. Smith British Empire Wilberforce Eaves 7–9, 6–3, 6–3, 8–6
1900 British Empire Sydney H. Smith (2) British Empire Roy Allen 6–3, 6–8, 6–4, 4–6, 6–2
1901 British Empire Sydney H. Smith (3) British Empire Wilberforce Eaves 10–12, 7–5, 6–2, 6–4
1902 British Empire Sydney H. Smith (4) Ireland Harold Mahony 7–5, 7–5, 3–6, 10–8
1903 British Empire Sydney H. Smith (5) British Empire Xenophon Casdagli 6–1, 6–3, 6–2
1904 British Empire Sydney H. Smith (6) British Empire Frank Riseley 6–2, 7–9, 2–6, 6–2, 6–2
1905 British Empire Sydney H. Smith (7) British Empire Frank Riseley walkover
1906 British Empire Frank Riseley British Empire Sydney H. Smith 4–6, 7–5, 6–1, 6–3
1907 Australia Norman Brookes British Empire Xenophon Casdagli 6–0, 6–2
1908 British Empire Arthur W. Gore Ireland James Cecil Parke 6–3, 4–6, 6–1, 6–8, 6–4
1909 Canada Robert Powell British Empire Theodore Mavrogordato 6–4, 6–1, 6–4
1910 United States Beals Wright Ireland James Cecil Parke divided title
1911 Ireland James Cecil Parke New Zealand Stanley N. Doust 7–5, 5–7, 6–1, 6–0
1912 Ireland James Cecil Parke (2) British Empire Theodore Mavrogordato 6–3, 1–6, 6–3, 6–4
1913 Ireland James Cecil Parke (3) New Zealand Anthony Wilding 6–2, 7–5, 6–8, 2–6, 7–5
1914 British Empire Theodore Mavrogordato Australia Alfred Dunlop 9–7, 8–6, 6–2
1915/1918 Not held (due to world war one)
1919 Ireland James Cecil Parke (4) South Africa George Dodd 0–6, 6–3, 9–7, 6–0
1920 United Kingdom Theodore Mavrogordato (2) United Kingdom Randolph Lycett 8–6, 6–2, 5–7, 3–0 ret.
1921 United Kingdom Randolph Lycett United Kingdom Theodore Mavrogordato 8–6, 2–6, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4
1922 India Hassan Ali Fyzee Republic of Ireland Louis Meldon 9–7, 6–4, 11–9
1923 United Kingdom John D. P. Wheatley United Kingdom Maxwell Woosnam 6–3, 4–6, 9–7, 9–11, 6-2
1924 United Kingdom Samuel Ernest Charlton Republic of Ireland William G. Ireland 10–8, 6–4, 4–6, 7–5
1925 United Kingdom Norman Dicks South Africa Gerald R. Sherwell 6–1, 7–5, 2–6, 6–3
1926 United Kingdom Maxwell Woosnam United Kingdom Douglas Hodges 7–9, 6–2, 6–2, 8–6
1927 Republic of Ireland D'Arcy McCrea United Kingdom Douglas Hodges 4–6, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2, 7-5
1928 United Kingdom John Olliff Republic of Ireland D'Arcy McCrea 6–2, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4
1929 United Kingdom John Olliff (2) United Kingdom Charles Kingsley 2–6, 6–3, 6–4, 2–6, 14–12
1930 United Kingdom Bunny Austin United Kingdom John Olliff 8–6, 6–2, 6–4
1931 United Kingdom John Olliff (3) United Kingdom Nigel Sharpe 6–3, 3–6, 7–9, 6–3 ret.
1932 New Zealand Eskell D. Andrews United Kingdom Martin Wedd 6–2, 6–3
1933 Philippines Herby Aldred United States J. Gilbert Hall 3–6, 6–2, 6–1
1934 Republic of Ireland George Lyttleton–Rogers New Zealand Camille Malfroy 6–4, 4–6, 6–4
1935 Japan Jiro Yamagishi Republic of Ireland George Lyttleton–Rogers 6–3, 8–6
1936 United Kingdom Charles Hare United States David N. Jones 6–4, 5–7, 6–4
1937 Republic of Ireland George Lyttleton–Rogers (2) South Africa Norman Farquharson 6–4, 2–6, 6–4
1938 United Kingdom Jack Piercy United Kingdom Clifford J. Hovell 6–4, 10–8
1939 United Kingdom Eric J. Filby United Kingdom R. E. Burton 6–3, 6–4
1940/1945 Not held (due to world war two)
1946 Australia Jack Harper United Kingdom Derrick Barton 6–4, 6–1
1947 Australia William Sidwell Sweden Torsten Johansson 6–2, 6–3
1948 Australia John Bromwich South Africa Eric Sturgess 2–6, 6–2, 8–6
1949 United Kingdom Tony Mottram India Naresh Kumar 6–2, 6–2
1950 Australia Geoffrey Brown India Sumant Misra 6–0, 6–2
1951 United States Gardnar Mulloy Australia Don Candy 6–4, 6–2
1952 Australia Frank Sedgman Australia Don Candy 6–2, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2
1953 Australia Mervyn Rose Australia Clive Wilderspin 4–6, 6–3, 6–0
1954 Australia Ken Rosewall Australia Rex Hartwig 6–2, 6–1
1955 United States Hugh Stewart United Kingdom Roger Becker 6–4, 3–6, 6–1
1956 Egypt Jaroslav Drobný Australia Lew Hoad 2–6, 6–3, 7–5
1957 Australia Lew Hoad India Ramanathan Krishnan 6–2, 6–1
1958 India Ramanathan Krishnan India Naresh Kumar 5–7, 6–3, 6-2
1959 Denmark Kurt Nielsen Denmark Torben Ulrich 4–6, 6–3, 6–4
1960 New Zealand Mark Otway Australia Martin Mulligan 3–6, 6–2, 7–5
1961 United Kingdom Mike Sangster Chile Luis Ayala divided
1962 United Kingdom Mike Sangster (2) United Kingdom Billy Knight 10–12, 6–3, 6–4
1963 United Kingdom Mike Sangster (3) Australia Tony Roche 19–17, 6–4
1964 abandoned
1965 Netherlands Tom Okker United Kingdom Roger Taylor 7–5, 6–3
1966 United Kingdom John E. Barrett New Zealand Lew Gerrard 6–3, 6–3
1967 Australia Owen Davidson Australia Ray Ruffels 6–1, 6–8, 6–4
Open era
Rothmans Northern Championships
1968 Australia Ken Fletcher Chile Luis Ayala 6–3, 6–2
1969 United States Clark Graebner United Kingdom Graham Stilwell 9–7, 3–6, 6–4
1970 United States Robert Lutz United States Tom Gorman 6–2, 9–7
Bio-Strath Northern Championships
1971 Australia Colin Dibley South Africa Bob Hewitt 6–1, 6–4
Rothmans Northern Championships
1972 Brazil Thomaz Koch Australia Colin Dibley 6–2, 5–7, 6–4
1973 United States Sherwood Stewart Australia Richard Crealy 6–3, 6-4
1974 United States Jimmy Connors United Kingdom Mike Collins 13–11, 6–2
1975 Not held
Refuge Assurance Northern Championships
1976 United States Roscoe Tanner Australia Paul McNamee 6–3, 7–9, 12–10
1977 United States Billy Martin Pakistan Saeed Meer 6–2, 6–1
1978 United States Billy Martin (2) United Kingdom Chris Bradnam 9–8, 7-5
1979 Australia Colin Dibley United Kingdom Mark Cox 6–4, 6–4
Greater Manchester Grass Court Tennis Championships
1980 United States Roscoe Tanner (2) United States Stan Smith 6–3, 6–4
1981 Australia Phil Dent Australia Brad Drewett 7–5, 6-1
1982 United States John McEnroe New Zealand Russell Simpson 6–3, 6–7, 10–8
1983 United States Tim Mayotte United States Pat DuPré 3–6, 6–4, 6-4
1984 United Kingdom Jeremy Bates United States Jeff Turpin 6–4, 8-6
1985 United Kingdom Jeremy Bates (2) United States Dan Cassidy 6–4, 6-2
1986 Canada Glenn Michibata
1987 Sweden Stefan Edberg United States Kevin Curren 6–3, 6–4
1988 Sweden Stefan Edberg (2) United States Kevin Curren 6–3, 6–4
1989 Germany Patrick Baur United Kingdom Andrew Castle 6–4, 6–7, 7–5
Manchester Open
1990 United States Pete Sampras Israel Gilad Bloom 7–6, 7–6
1991 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Goran Ivanišević United States Pete Sampras 6–4, 6–4
1992 Netherlands Jacco Eltingh United States MaliVai Washington 6–3, 6–4
1993 Australia Jason Stoltenberg Australia Wally Masur 6–1, 6–3
1994 Australia Patrick Rafter South Africa Wayne Ferreira 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–4)
see Manchester Trophy Challenger

Men's doubles

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Year Champions Runners-up Score
1990 Australia Mark Kratzmann
Australia Jason Stoltenberg
United Kingdom Nick Brown
United States Kelly Jones
6–3, 2–6, 6–4
1991 Italy Omar Camporese
Croatia Goran Ivanišević
United Kingdom Nick Brown
United Kingdom Andrew Castle
6–4, 6–3
1992 United States Patrick Galbraith
Australia David Macpherson
United Kingdom Jeremy Bates
Australia Laurie Warder
4–6, 6–3, 6–2
1993 United States Ken Flach
United States Rick Leach
South Africa Stefan Kruger
Canada Glenn Michibata
6–4, 6–1
1994 United States Rick Leach
South Africa Danie Visser
United States Scott Davis
United States Trevor Kronemann
6–4, 4–6, 7–6
see Manchester Trophy Challenger

Women's singles

[edit]
Northern Championships
Year Champions Runners-up Score
1882 Ireland May Langrishe England Constance Langley Smith 6-3 8-6
1883 England Edith Coleridge England Miss Eckersley 7-5 6-2
1884 England Edith Davies United Kingdom Margaret Bracewell 2-6 6-4 6-0
1885 United Kingdom Maud Watson England Edith Davies 6-3, 6-3
1886 United Kingdom Maud Watson (2) England Lottie Dod 7-5, 6-3
1887 England Lottie Dod United Kingdom Maud Watson 6-1, 6-2
1888 England Lottie Dod (2) United Kingdom Blanche Bingley Hillyard 6-3, 9-7
1889 England Lottie Dod (3) United Kingdom Blanche Bingley Hillyard 6-8, 6–3, 6-3
1890 United Kingdom Mary Steedman United Kingdom Beatrice Wood 6-2, 6-0
1891 Ireland Florence Stanuell United Kingdom Beatrice Wood 6-3, 2–6, 6-4
1892 England Lottie Dod (4) Ireland Louisa Martin 6-1, 6-0
1893 England Lottie Dod (5) United Kingdom Blanche Bingley Hillyard 6-3, 3–6, 7-5
1894 United Kingdom Blanche Bingley Hillyard United Kingdom Beatrice Wood Draffen 7-5, 5–7, 6-3
1895 Ireland Louisa Martin United Kingdom Helen Jackson 7-5, 6-3
1896 Ireland Louisa Martin (2) United Kingdom Blanche Bingley Hillyard 6–2, 7-5
1897 United Kingdom Charlotte Cooper Ireland Louisa Martin 3-6, 6–3, 6-4
1898 Ireland Louisa Martin (3) United Kingdom Charlotte Cooper 10-8, 6-4
1899 Ireland Louisa Martin (4) United Kingdom Ruth Dyas Durlacher 6-8, 6–2, 6-2
1900 United Kingdom Blanche Bingley Hillyard (2) Ireland Louisa Martin 2-6, 8–6, 6-4
1901 Ireland Louisa Martin (5) United Kingdom Blanche Bingley Hillyard 6-3, 4–6, 6-3
1902 Ireland Louisa Martin (6) United Kingdom Muriel Robb 6-8, 7–5, 6-1
1903 Ireland Louisa Martin (7) United Kingdom Dorothea Douglass 4-6, 7–5, 6-4
1904 United Kingdom Dorothea Douglass United Kingdom Ethel Thomson 6-1, 6-2
1905 United States May Sutton United Kingdom Hilda Lane 7-5, 8-6
1906 United Kingdom Dorothea Douglass (2) United States May Sutton 7-5, 6-2
1907 United Kingdom Charlotte Cooper Sterry (2) United States May Sutton 7-5, 6-0
1908 United Kingdom Edith Boucher United Kingdom Charlotte Cooper Sterry 7-5, 6-2
1909 United Kingdom Edith Johnson United Kingdom Maude Garfit 6-3, 9–11, 6-0
1910 United Kingdom Edith Johnson (2) United Kingdom Maude Garfit 3-6, 6–4, 6-0
1911 United Kingdom Dorothea Douglass Chambers (3) United Kingdom Mabel Squire Parton 6-2, 6-2
1912 United Kingdom Ethel Thomson Larcombe United Kingdom Mabel Squire Parton 6-4, 6-1
1913 United Kingdom Ethel Thomson Larcombe (2) United Kingdom Dorothea Douglass Chambers 6-2m 6-4
1914 United Kingdom Dorothea Douglass Chambers (4) United Kingdom Agnes Morton 6-1, 6-2
1915/1918 Not held (due to world war one)
1919 United Kingdom Dorothea Douglass Chambers (5) United Kingdom Ethel Thomson Larcombe 7-5 6-3
1920 United States Elizabeth Ryan United Kingdom Aurea Farrington Edgington 6-1, 6-3
1921 United States Elizabeth Ryan (2) United Kingdom Kitty Mckane 7-5, 6-4
1922 United States Elizabeth Ryan (3) United Kingdom Kitty Mckane 6-2, 8-6
1923 United States Elizabeth Ryan (4) United Kingdom Dorothy Holman 6-3, 6-3
1924 United Kingdom Mary Holmes United Kingdom Claire Beckingham 6-0, 0–6, 6-3
1925 United States Elizabeth Ryan (4) United Kingdom Joan Reid-Thomas 6-4, 6-3
1926 United Kingdom Claire Beckingham United Kingdom Elsie Goldsack 6-1, 6-1
1927 United Kingdom Claire Beckingham (2) United Kingdom Elsie Goldsack 6-2, 8-6
1928 United Kingdom Claire Beckingham (3) United Kingdom Dorothy Shaw 8-6, 6-3
1928 United Kingdom Gwen Sterry United Kingdom Sylvia Lumley-Ellis 6-4, 6-2
From 1929-1939 there were 2 womens events held in * Manchester & ** Liverpool
1929* United Kingdom Joan Fry United Kingdom Gwen Sterry 6-1, 4–6, 6-4
1929** United Kingdom Winifred Bower United Kingdom Joan Reid-Thomas Strawson 6-1, 3–6, 6-1
1930* United Kingdom Evelyn Goldsworth United Kingdom Nichola Hunt 7-5, 6-2
1930** United Kingdom Joan Reid-Thomas Strawson United Kingdom Dorothy Anderson 4-6, 6–4, 6-4
1931* United Kingdom Evelyn Goldsworth (2) Egypt Ena Alexandroff 8-10 6-4 6-3
1931** Egypt Ena Alexandroff United Kingdom Joan Ingram divided title
1932* United Kingdom Joan Ingram United Kingdom Manon Hargreaves 11-9, 6-1
1932** United Kingdom Christabel Hardie Wheatcroft United Kingdom Sarah Eccles 6-3, 6-3
1933 Liverpool event not held
1933* United Kingdom Evelyn Goldsworth (3) United Kingdom Jackie McAlpine 7-5 6-1
1934* United Kingdom Jean Saunders United Kingdom Doris Bullock 6-0, 6-2
1934** Denmark Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling Australia Joan Hartigan 7-5, 8-6
1935* United Kingdom Mary Hardwick United Kingdom Dora Beazley 6-0, 6-2
1935** United Kingdom Mary Whitmarsh United Kingdom Barbara Drew 9-11, 6–4, 6-2
1936* United Kingdom Patience Thomson United Kingdom Dora Beazley 6-0, 6-2
1936** Chile Anita Lizana United Kingdom Nancy Kidson Fontes 6-1, 6-0
1937* United Kingdom Dora Beazley United Kingdom Pamela Morison 2-6, 6–2, 7-5
1937** Chile Anita Lizana (2) United Kingdom Joan Reid-Thomas Strawson 6-0, 6-4
1938* United Kingdom Peggy Saunders Michell United Kingdom Dora Beazley 6-1, 5–7, 7-5
1938** Denmark Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling (2) United Kingdom Joan Reid-Thomas Strawson 6-0, 6-4
1939 Liverpool event not held
1939* United Kingdom Gem Hoahing United Kingdom Patience Thomson divide title
1940/1945 Not held (due to world war two)
1946 United States Margaret Osborne United States Louise Brough 6-1, 6-3
1947 United Kingdom Jean Nicoll Bostock United Kingdom Betty Clements Hilton 11-9, 6-2
1948 United Kingdom Betty Clements Hilton United Kingdom Jean Nicoll Bostock 6-3, 8-6
1949 United States Pat Canning Todd United Kingdom Lesley Hunter Fulton 6-3 6-2
1950 United States Shirley Fry United Kingdom Gladys Southwell Lines 6-2, 6-3
1951 United States Doris Hart United States Beverly Baker 8-6, 6-3
1952 United States Maureen Connolly United Kingdom Jean Quertier Rinkel 6-3, 6-1
1953 United States Doris Hart (2) United Kingdom Helen Fletcher 5-7, 6–1, 7-5
1954 United States Maureen Connolly (2) United States Louise Brough 6-3, 6-2
1955 United States Doris Hart (3) United States Louise Brough 9-11, 6–2, 6-2
1956 United States Althea Gibson United States Louise Brough 2-6, 6–4, 6-4
1957 United States Althea Gibson (2) United Kingdom Anne Shilcock 6-3, 6-4
1958 United States Althea Gibson (3) Brazil Maria Bueno 6-1, 8-6
1959 United States Sally Moore Mexico Rosie Reyes 6-2, 2–6, 6-3
1960 United States Darlene Hard United Kingdom Rita Bentley 6-3 6-3
1961 South Africa Sandra Reynolds Australia Lesley Turner 6-4 6-3
1962 United States Darlene Hard (2) Australia Judy Tegart 6-3, 6-2
1963 Australia Jan Lehane United States Darlene Hard 6-4, 8–10, 6-4
1964 abandoned at semifinal stage due to rain
1965 Australia Margaret Smith Brazil Maria Bueno 6-1, 7-5
1966 United States Billie Jean Moffitt King United Kingdom Winnie Shaw 6-2, 6-1
1967 Brazil Maria Bueno Australia Karen Krantzcke 6-4, 6-3
Open era

Notes

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  1. ^ Prentice, David (12 March 2014). "Liverpool International tennis tournament is changing venues this summer". Liverpool Echo, 12 March 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
  2. ^ Robertson, Max (1974). The Encyclopedia of Tennis. London: Allen & Unwin. pp. 266, 267. ISBN 9780047960420.
  3. ^ Meyers, A. Wallis (1903). Lawn Tennis at Home and Abroad. New York: Charles Scribner and Sons. p. 55.
  4. ^ Lake, Robert J. (2014). A Social History of Tennis in Britain. Routledge. p. 49. ISBN 9781134445578.
  5. ^ R.L. Fell (1936). Northern Lawn Tennis Club. p. 5.
  6. ^ Allaby, David (1981). Wimbledon of the North : 100 years at the Northern. Didsbury: E.J. Morten. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-0859720472.
  7. ^ Robertson, Max (1974). The Encyclopedia of Tennis. London: Allen & Unwin. pp. 266, 267. ISBN 9780047960420.
  8. ^ Meyers, A. Wallis (1903). Lawn Tennis at Home and Abroad. New York: Charles Scribner and Sons. p. 55.
  9. ^ Lake, Robert J. (2014). A Social History of Tennis in Britain. Routledge. p. 49. ISBN 9781134445578.
  10. ^ Max Robertson, ed. (1974). The Encyclopedia of Tennis. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 294. ISBN 0047960426.
  11. ^ "McEnroe Tests Ankle". Ocala Star Banner. 2 June 1982. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  12. ^ "AP". The Albany Herald Newspaper Reports 1st Grass Court title win by Pete Sampras. 24 June 1990. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
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