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STM-4

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The STM-4 (Synchronous Transport Module) is the SDH ITU-T fiber optic network transmission standard. It has a bit rate of 622.080 Mbit/s. The STM-4 specification is designed to carry 7,680 8-bit "voice" frames every 125 micro-seconds for a total payload bit rate of 491.520 Mbit/s. The other levels are STM 1, STM 16 and STM 64. Beyond this we have wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) commonly used in submarine cabling.

Although STM-4 is comparable to OC-12 the SDH frame structure allocates more space to overhead than that of SONET. Because of this, STM-4's payload bandwidth differs from that of OC-12.

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