MUSCULAR
 National Security Agency surveillance |
|---|
 |
MUSCULAR (DS-200B), located in the United Kingdom,[1] is the name of a surveillance programme jointly operated by Britain's Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) and the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) that was revealed by documents which were released by Edward Snowden and interviews with knowledgeable officials.[2] GCHQ is the primary operator of the program.[1] GCHQ and the National Security Agency have secretly broken into the main communications links that connect Yahoo and Google data centers around the world.[3]
Overview
The programme is jointly run by:
- Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) of Great Britain
- U.S. National Security Agency (NSA)
Operational details
According to the leaked document the NSA’s acquisitions directorate sends millions of records every day from internal Yahoo and Google networks to data warehouses at the agency’s headquarters at Fort Meade, Maryland. The programme operates via an access point known as DS-200B, which is outside the United States, and it relies on an unnamed telecommunications operator to provide secret access for the NSA and the GCHQ.[3]
Closely related programmes are called INCENSER and TURMOIL. TURMOIL, belonging to the NSA, is a system for processing the data collected from MUSCULAR.[1]
Gallery
-
Internal NSA document on the MUSCULAR operation -
NSA presentation on "Google Cloud Exploitation"
See also
- PRISM (surveillance program)
- 2013 mass surveillance disclosures
- List of government surveillance projects
References
- ^ a b c Gellman, Barton; Soltani, Ashkan; Peterson, Andrea (November 4, 2013). "How we know the NSA had access to internal Google and Yahoo cloud data". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
- ^ Gellman, Barton; Soltani, Ashkan (October 30, 2013). "NSA infiltrates links to Yahoo, Google data centers worldwide, Snowden documents say". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
- ^ a b "How the NSA's MUSCULAR program collects too much data from Yahoo and Google". The Washington Post. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help)
External links
- Savage, Charlie; Miller, Claire; Perlroth, Nicole (October 30, 2013). "N.S.A. Said to Tap Google and Yahoo Abroad". The New York Times. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
- Rushe, Dominic; Ackerman, Spencer; Ball, James (October 30, 2013). "Reports that NSA taps into Google and Yahoo data hubs infuriate tech giants". The Guardian. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
- Gellman, Barton; Soltani, Ashkan; Lindeman, Todd (October 30, 2013). "How the NSA is infiltrating private networks". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
- Gallagher, Sean (October 31, 2013). "How the NSA's MUSCULAR tapped Google's and Yahoo's private networks". Ars Technica. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
- Miller, Claire (October 31, 2013). "Angry Over U.S. Surveillance, Tech Giants Bolster Defenses". The New York Times. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
- Schneier, Bruce (October 31, 2013). "NSA Eavesdropping on Google and Yahoo Networks". Schneier on Security. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
- Perlroth, Nicole; Markoff, John (November 25, 2013). "N.S.A. May Have Penetrated Internet Cable Links". The New York Times. Retrieved November 26, 2013.
.svg){kind=small} | This United States government–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |