List of ursids
| Bear Temporal range: Early Miocene - Recent
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| Brown bear at the Moscow Zoo | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Superfamily: | Ursoidea |
| Family: | Ursidae G. Fischer de Waldheim, 1817 |
| Genera | |
Below follows a list of the different species of bears. Bears indented are a subspecies or type of the species listed above it that is non-indented.
Classification
- Family Ursidae (G. Fischer de Waldheim, 1817)
- Subfamily †Amphicynodontinae (Simpson, 1945)
- †Amphicticeps (Matthew and Granger, 1924)
- †Amphicticeps makhchinus (Wang et al., 2005)
- †Amphicticeps dorog (Wang et al., 2005)
- †Amphicticeps shackelfordi (Matthew and Granger, 1924)
- †Parictis (Scott, 1893)
- †Parictis primaevus (Scott, 1893)
- †Parictis personi (Chaffee, 1954)
- †Parictis montanus (Clark & Guensburg, 1972)
- †Parictis parvus (Clark & Beerbower, 1967)
- †Parictis gilpini (Clark & Guensburg, 1972)
- †Parictis dakotensis (Clark, 1936)
- †Kolponomos (Stirton, 1960)
- †Kolponomos newportensis (Tedford et al., 1994)
- †Kolponomos clallamensis (Stirton, 1960)
- †Allocyon (Merriam, 1930)
- †Allocyon loganensis (Merriam, 1930)
- †Pachycynodon (Schlosser, 1888)
- †Pachycynodon tedfordi (Wang & Qiu, 2003)
- †Pachycynodon tenuis (Teilhard de Chardin, 1915)
- †Pachycynodon filholi (Schlosser, 1888)
- †Pachycynodon boriei (Filhol, 1876)
- †Pachycynodon crassirostris (Schlosser, 1888)
- †Amphicynodon (Filhol, 1881)
- †Amphicynodon mongoliensis (Janovskaja, 1970)
- †Amphicynodon teilhardi (Matthew and Granger, 1924)
- †Amphicynodon typicus (Schlosser, 1888)
- †Amphicynodon chardini (Cirot and De Bonis, 1992)
- †Amphicynodon cephalogalinus (Teilhard, 1915)
- †Amphicynodon gracilis (Filhol, 1874)
- †Amphicynodon crassirostris (Filhol, 1876)
- †Amphicynodon brachyrostris (Filhol, 1876)
- †Amphicynodon leptorhynchus (Filhol, 1874)
- †Amphicynodon velaunus (Aymard, 1846)
- †Amphicticeps (Matthew and Granger, 1924)
- Subfamily †Hemicyoninae (Frick, 1926)
- Tribe †Cephalogalini (de Bonis, 2013)
- †Adelpharctos (de Bonis, 1971)
- †Adelpharctos ginsburgi (de Bonis, 2011)
- †Adelpharctos mirus (de Bonis, 1971)
- †Cyonarctos (de Bonis, 2013)
- †Cyonarctos dessei (de Bonis, 2013)
- †Phoberogale (Ginsburg & Morales, 1995)
- †Phoberogale minor (Filhol, 1877)
- †Phoberogale bonali (Helbing, 1928)
- †Phoberogale depereti (Viret, 1929)
- †Phoberogale gracile (Pomel, 1847)
- †Filholictis (de Bonis, 2013)
- †Filholictis filholi (Munier-Chalmas, 1877)
- †Cephalogale (Jourdan, 1862)
- †Cephalogale shareri (Wang, et al., 2009)
- †Cephalogale gergoviensis (Viret, 1929)
- †Cephalogale ginesticus (Kuss, 1962)
- †Cephalogale geoffroyi (Jourdan, 1862)
- †Adelpharctos (de Bonis, 1971)
- Tribe †Phoberocyonini (Ginsburg & Morales, 1995)
- †Plithocyon (Ginsburg, 1955)
- †Plithocyon armagnacensis (Ginsburg, 1955)
- †Plithocyon statzlingii (Frick, 1926)
- †Plithocyon bruneti (Ginsburg, 1980)
- †Plithocyon barstowensis (Frick, 1926)
- †Plithocyon ursinus (Cope, 1875)
- †Phoberocyon (Ginsburg, 1955)
- †Phoberocyon hispanicus (Ginsburg & Morales, 1998)
- †Phoberocyon dehmi (Ginsburg, 1955)
- †Phoberocyon huerzeleri (Ginsburg, 1955)
- †Phoberocyon aurelianensis (Mayet, 1908)
- †Phoberocyon youngi (Xiang et al., 1986)
- †Phoberocyon johnhenryi (White, 1947)
- †Plithocyon (Ginsburg, 1955)
- Tribe †Hemicyonini (Frick, 1926)
- †Zaragocyon (Ginsburg & Morales, 1995)
- †Zaragocyon daamsi (Ginsburg & Morales, 1995)
- †Dinocyon (Jourdan, 1861)
- †Dinocyon aurelianensis (Frick, 1926)
- †Dinocyon sansaniensis (Frick, 1926)
- †Dinocyon thenardi (Jourdan, 1861)
- †Hemicyon (Lartet, 1851)
- †Hemicyon barbouri (Colbert, 1941)
- †Hemicyon teilhardi (Colbert, 1939)
- †Hemicyon grivensis (Frick, 1926)
- †Hemicyon minor (Dépéret, 1887)
- †Hemicyon sansaniensis (Lartet, 1851)
- †Zaragocyon (Ginsburg & Morales, 1995)
- Tribe †Cephalogalini (de Bonis, 2013)
- Subfamily †Ursavinae (Hendey, 1980)
- †Ballusia (Ginsburg & Morales, 1998)
- †Ballusia elmensis (Stehlin, 1917)
- †Ballusia hareni (Ginsburg, 1989)
- †Ballusia orientalis (Qiu et al., 1985)
- †Ursavus (Schlosser, 1899)
- †Ursavus brevirhinus (Hofmann, 1887)
- †Ursavus primaevus (Gaillard, 1899)
- †Ursavus intermedius (Koenigswald, 1925)
- †Ursavus pawniensis (Frick, 1926)
- †Ursavus ehrenbergi (Brunner, 1942)
- †Ursavus sylvestris (Qiu & Qi, 1990)
- †Ursavus isorei (Ginsburg & Morales, 1998)
- †Ursavus tedfordi (Zhanxiang et al., 2014)
- †Ballusia (Ginsburg & Morales, 1998)
- Subfamily †Agriotheriinae (Kretzoi, 1929)
- †Agriotherium (Wagner, 1837)
- †Agriotherium myanmarensis (Ogino et al., 2011)
- †Agriotherium insigne (Gervais, 1859)
- †Agriotherium inexpetans (Qiu et al., 1991)
- †Agriotherium palaeindicus (Lydekker, 1878)
- †Agriotherium sivalensis (Falconer & Cautley, 1836)
- †Agriotherium africanum (Hendey, 1972)
- †Agriotherium coffeyi (Dalquest, 1986)
- †Agriotherium gregoryi (Frick, 1926)
- †Agriotherium schneideri (Sellards, 1916)
- †Agriotherium (Wagner, 1837)
- Subfamily Ailuropodinae (Grevé, 1894)[5]
- Tribe †Indarctini (Abella et al., 2012)
- †Miomaci (de Bonis et al., 2017)
- †Miomaci pannonicum (de Bonis et al., 2017)
- †Indarctos (Pilgrim, 1913)
- †Indarctos punjabensis (Lydekker, 1884)
- †Indarctos zdanskyi (Qiu & Tedford, 2003)[6]
- †Indarctos sinensis (Zdansky, 1924)
- †Indarctos vireti (Villalta & Crusafont, 1943)
- †Indarctos arctoides (Deperet, 1895)
- †Indarctos anthracitis (Weithofer, 1888)
- †Indarctos salmontanus (Pilgrim, 1913)
- †Indarctos atticus (Weithofer, 1888)
- †Indarctos bakalovi (Kovachev, 1988)
- †Indarctos lagrelli (Zdansky, 1924)
- †Indarctos oregonensis (Merriam et al., 1916)
- †Indarctos nevadensis (Macdonald, 1959)[7]
- †Miomaci (de Bonis et al., 2017)
- Tribe Ailuropodini (Grevé, 1894)
- †Kretzoiarctos (Abella et al., 2012)
- †Kretzoiarctos beatrix (Abella et al., 2011)
- †Agriarctos (Kretzoi, 1942)
- †Agriarctos depereti (Schlosser, 1902)
- †Agriarctos vighi (Kretzoi, 1942)
- †Agriarctos gaali (Kretzoi, 1942)
- †Ailurarctos (Qi et al., 1989)
- †Ailurarctos yuanmouensis (Zong, 1997)
- †Ailurarctos lufengensis (Qi et al., 1989)
- Ailuropoda (Milne-Edwards, 1870)
- †Ailuropoda microta (Pei, 1962)
- †Ailuropoda wulingshanensis (Wang & Alii, 1982)
- †Ailuropoda minor (Pei, 1962)
- †Ailuropoda baconi (Woodward 1915)
- Ailuropoda melanoleuca (David, 1869) – Giant panda
- †Kretzoiarctos (Abella et al., 2012)
- Tribe †Indarctini (Abella et al., 2012)
- Subfamily Tremarctinae (Merriam & Stock, 1925)[8]
- †Plionarctos (Frick, 1926)
- †Plionarctos harroldorum (Tedfored & Martin, 2001)
- †Plionarctos edensis (Frick, 1926)
- †Arctodus (Leidy, 1854)
- †Arctodus simus (Cope, 1879)
- †Arctodus pristinus (Leidy, 1854)
- †Arctotherium (Burmeister, 1879)
- †Arctotherium angustidens (Gervais & Ameghino, 1880)
- †Arctotherium vetustum (Ameghino, 1885)
- †Arctotherium wingei (Ameghino, 1902)
- †Arctotherium bonariense (Gervais, 1852)
- †Arctotherium tarijense (Ameghino, 1902)
- Tremarctos (Gervais, 1855)
- †Tremarctos floridanus (Gildey, 1928)
- Tremarctos ornatus (Cuvier, 1825) – spectacled bear
- †Plionarctos (Frick, 1926)
- Subfamily Ursinae (G. Fischer de Waldheim, 1817)
- Ursus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- †Ursus boeckhi (Schlosser, 1899)
- †Ursus abstrusus (Bjork, 1970)
- †Ursus yinanensis (Li, 1993)
- †Ursus ruscinensis (Depéret, 1890)
- †Ursus theobaldi (Lydekker, 1884)
- Ursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) – sloth bear
- †Ursus sinomalayanus (Thenius, 1947)
- Ursus malayanus (Raffles, 1821) – sun bear
- †Ursus pyrenaicus (Depéret, 1892)
- †Ursus minimus (Devèze & Bouillet, 1827)
- Ursus thibetanus (G. Cuvier, 1823) – Asiatic black bear
- Ursus americanus (Pallas, 1780) – American black bear
- †Ursus etruscus (Cuvier, 1823)
- †Ursus dolinensis (Garcia & Arsuaga, 2001)
- †Ursus savini (Andrews, 1922)
- †Ursus deningeri (Richenau, 1904)
- †Ursus kudarensis (Baryshnikov, 1985)
- †Ursus rossicus (Borissiak, 1930)
- †Ursus ingressus (Rabeder, Hofreiter, Nagel & Withalm 2004)
- †Ursus deningeri (Richenau, 1904)
- †Ursus spelaeus (Rosenmüller, 1794)
- Ursus maritimus (Phipps, 1774) – polar bear
- Ursus arctos (Linnaeus, 1758) – brown bear
- Ursus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Subfamily †Amphicynodontinae (Simpson, 1945)
See also
References
- ^ Howell, F. C. (2007). "Carnivora (Mammalia) From Lemudong'o (Late Miocene: Narok District, Kenya)" (PDF). Kirtlandia. 556: 121–139. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-02-19.
- ^ McLellan, Bruce; Reiner, David C. (1994). "A Review of Bear Evolution" (PDF). Int. Conf. Bear Res. And Management. 9 (1): 85–96. doi:10.2307/3872687. JSTOR 3872687. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-11-15. Retrieved 2017-02-19.
- ^ Soibelzon, L. H.; Schubert, B. W. (January 2011). "The Largest Known Bear, Arctotherium angustidens, from the Early Pleistocene Pampean Region of Argentina: With a Discussion of Size and Diet Trends in Bears". Journal of Paleontology. 85 (1): 69–75. doi:10.1666/10-037.1. Archived from the original on 2011-03-10. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
- ^ Dell'Amore, C. (February 3, 2011), Biggest Bear Ever Found, National Geographic News, archived from the original on 2017-10-17
- ^ Abella, Juan; et al. (2012). "Kretzoiarctos gen. nov., the oldest member of the giant panda clade". PLOS ONE. 7 (11): e48985. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...748985A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048985. PMC 3498366. PMID 23155439.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Qiu, Zhan-Xiang; Tedford, R. H. (2003). "Shānxī bǎo dé yìndù xióngyīxīn zhǒng" 山西保德印度熊一新种 [A New Species of *Indarctos* from Baode, China] (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 41 (4): 278–288. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-03-28. Retrieved 2018-03-27.
- ^ MacDonald, J. R. (1959). "The Middle Pliocene Mammalian Fauna from Smiths Valley, Nevada". Journal of Paleontology. 33 (5): 872–887. JSTOR 1300922.
- ^ Kieren J. Mitchell; Sarah C. Bray; Pere Bover; Leopoldo Soibelzon; Blaine W. Schubert; Francisco Prevosti; Alfredo Prieto; Fabiana Martin; Jeremy J. Austin; Alan Cooper (2016). "Ancient mitochondrial DNA reveals convergent evolution of giant short-faced bears (Tremarctinae) in North and South America". Biology Letters. 12 (4): 20160062. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2016.0062. PMC 4881349. PMID 27095265.