Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation/VerifiedDataSandbox and Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride: Difference between pages

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid =

| IUPACName = 2,2'-bis(4-Nitrophenyl)-5,5'-diphenyl-3,3'-(3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diphenylene)ditetrazolium chloride

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = X44P41F7ZK

| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| ChEMBL = 403063

| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| Formula = C₄₀H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀O₆

| MolarMass = 817.64g/mol

| Appearance = yellow crystalline powder

| Density =

| = 200

| BoilingPt =

| Solubility =

|Section3={{Chembox Hazards

| MainHazards = may be reactive based on presence of tetrazole group, nitro group and contiguous nitrogen atoms

| FlashPt = not available

| =

| LD50 = /kg

'''Nitro blue tetrazolium''' is a [[chemical compound]] composed of two [[tetrazole]] [[wiktionary:moiety|moieties]]. It is used in [[immunology]] for sensitive detection of [[alkaline phosphatase]] (with [[BCIP]]). NBT serves as the [[oxidant]] and BCIP is the AP-[[Substrate (biochemistry)|substrate]] (and gives also dark blue dye).

==Clinical significance==

In [[immunohistochemistry]] the alkaline phosphatase is often used as a marker, conjugated to an [[antibody]]. The colored product can either be of the NBT/BCIP reaction reveals where the antibody is bound, or can be used in [[immunofluorescence]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Trinh le A, McCutchen MD, Bonner-Fraser M, Fraser SE, Bumm LA, McCauley DW |title=Fluorescent in situ hybridization employing the conventional NBT/BCIP chromogenic stain |journal=BioTechniques |volume=42 |issue=6 |pages=756–9 |date=June 2007 |pmid=17612300 |doi=10.2144/000112476 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

The NBT/BCIP reaction is also used for colorimetric/[[spectrophotometry|spectrophotometric]] [[enzyme assay|activity assays]] of [[oxidoreductase]]s. One application is in [[activity stain]]s in [[gel electrophoresis]], such as with the mitochondrial [[electron transport chain]] complexes.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Nisimoto Y, Wilson E, Heyl BL, Lambeth JD |title=NADH dehydrogenase from bovine neutrophil membranes. Purification and properties |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=261 |issue=1 |pages=285–90 |date=5 January 1986|doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(17)42467-7 |pmid=3941077 |url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=3941077 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Nitro blue tetrazolium is used in a diagnostic test,<ref>{{cite journal | last=Freeman | first=R |author2=King B | title=Technique for the performance of the nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) test | journal=Journal of Clinical Pathology |volume=25 | issue=10 | pages=912–914 |date=October 1972 |pmid=4119008 | doi=10.1136/jcp.25.10.912 | pmc=477548 }}</ref> particularly for [[chronic granulomatous disease]] and other diseases of phagocyte function. When there is an [[NADPH oxidase]] defect, the phagocyte is unable to make reactive oxygen species or radicals required for bacterial killing. As a result, bacteria may thrive within the phagocyte. The higher the blue score, the better the cell is at producing reactive oxygen species.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Nathan DG, Baehner RL, Weaver DK |title=Failure of nitro blue tetrazolium reduction in the phagocytic vacuoles of leukocytes in chronic granulomatous disease |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=48 |issue=10 |pages=1895–904 |date=October 1969 |pmid=5387730 |pmc=322426 |doi=10.1172/JCI106156}}</ref>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Myeloid blood tests}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Chloride}}

[[Category:Biochemistry detection reactions]]

[[Category:Immunologic tests]]

[[Category:Nitrobenzene derivatives]]

[[Category:Phenol ethers]]

[[Category:Tetrazoles]]