Jump to content

ABS-CBN Corporation

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Woodshed (talk | contribs) at 01:06, 9 May 2013 (Disambiguated: The Buzz → The Buzz (talk show)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

This article is about the media conglomerate. For the television network, see ABS-CBN.
ABS-CBN Corporation
Company typePublic
PSE: ABS and ABSP
IndustryMass media
PredecessorBolinao Electronics Corporation (1946–1952)
FoundedJuly 11, 1946
FounderJames Lindenberg
Headquarters
ABS-CBN Broadcasting Centre, Sgt. Esguerra Ave. corner Mother Ignacia St., Barangay South Triangle, Diliman, Quezon City
,
Philippines
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Eugenio Lopez III (Chairman)
Augusto Almeda Lopez (Vice chairman)
Charo Santos-Concio (President, CEO and COO)
Rolando Valdueza (CFO)
Products
List
Services
List
  • broadcast radio and television, cable television, film and TV production, print publication, music production, news, sports, telecommunications, licensing, merchandising, pay per view, websites
RevenueIncrease PH₱31.7 billion (FY 2012)[1]
Decrease PH₱6.5 billion (FY 2012)[1]
Decrease PH₱1.7 billion (FY 2012)[1]
Total assetsIncrease PH₱49.5 billion (FY 2012)[1]
Total equityIncrease PH₱21.5 billion (FY 2012)[1]
OwnerLopez, Inc. (57.24%)[2]
ABS-CBN Holdings Corporation (40.08%)[2]
Public stock (2.68%)[2]
Number of employees
4,024 (FY 2012)[3]
ParentLopez, Inc.
Divisions
List
SubsidiariesList of subsidiaries
Websitewww.abs-cbn.com (official)
ir.abs-cbn.com
(Investor relations)

ABS-CBN Corporation is a diversified Filipino media conglomerate and the country's largest media and entertainment company.[4][5][6][7] The corporation was formed by the merger of Alto Broadcasting System owned by James Lindenberg and Judge Antonio Quirino (the brother of then-Philippine President Elpidio Quirino) and the Chronicle Broadcasting Network owned by Don Eugenio Lopez, Sr. and the then-Philippine Vice-President Fernando Lopez. Founded on July 11, 1946 by James Lindenberg as Bolinao Electronics Corporation (BEC), it was incorporated as the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation on February 1, 1967, shorted to simply ABS-CBN Corporation in 2010. The common shares of ABS were first offered in July 1992 while the PDR (Philippine Depository Receipt) of ABSP were offered in October 1999.[8]

Its assets include two national television networks (ABS-CBN and Studio 23), two radio stations in Metro Manila (DZMM Radyo Patrol 630 and Tambayan 101.9), a regional network of AM stations (branded as Radyo Patrol) and FM stations (branded as My Only Radio For Life!), four international premium television networks (ABS-CBN News Channel, Bro, Cinema One, and The Filipino Channel), an American cable television network (Myx TV) along with subsidiaries dealing in print publication (ABS-CBN Publishing, Inc.), cable television production (Creative Programs, Inc.), telecommunications (Sky Cable Corporation) film production (Star Cinema), digital visual effects (Roadrunner Network, Inc.), music production (Star Records), new media (ABS-CBN Interactive), talent development and management (Star Magic) and other related businesses. ABS-CBN Corporation and its subsidiaries are part of the Lopez Group of Companies.

History

Beginnings

The logo of the Bolinao Electronics Corporation (1946-1952).

The nucleus of ABS-CBN Corporation began in 1946 with Bolinao Electronics Corporation (BEC). BEC was established by James Lindenberg, now dubbed as the father of Philippine television,[9] an American electronics engineer who went into radio equipment assembly and radio broadcasting. At that time, the largest media company was Manila Broadcasting, with DZRH as the leading radio station. In 1949, James Lindenberg shifted Bolinao to radio broadcasting with DZBC and masterminded the introduction of television to the country in 1953.[10]

In 1951, Lindenberg partnered with Antonio Quirino, brother of then Philippine President Elpidio Quirino, in order to try their hand at television broadcasting. In 1952, BEC was renamed as Alto Broadcasting System or ABS. "Alto" was a contraction of Quirino’s and his wife’s first names, Tony and Aleli. Though they had little money and resources, ABS was able to put up its TV tower by July 1953 and import 300 television sets. The initial test broadcasts began on September of the same year. The very first full-blown broadcast, however, was on 23 October 1953, of a party in Tony Quirino's home. The television station was known as DZAQ-TV.[10]

Merger

ABS-CBN logo (Feb. 1, 1967–Sept. 21, 1972).

In turn, on September 24, 1956, the Chronicle Broadcasting Network (CBN) was organized. The network was owned by Don Eugenio Lopez, Sr. and the then Philippine Vice President Fernando Lopez. The following year, Don Eugenio acquired ABS from Quirino and Lindenberg. However, it was only on 1 February 1967 that the corporate name was changed to ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation (before it was named ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation, the name was reverted to the precursor of the network, Bolinao Electronics Corporation or BEC). In 1958 the network's new headquarters at Roxas Boulevard was inaugurated, and all radio and television operations were consolidated into its two buildings, the radio stations at the Chronicle Building at Aduana Street, Intramuros, Manila, and the TV operations at the brand new Roxas Boulevard building in Pasay City.[10]

In the late 1950s, Don Eugenio's son, Geny Lopez saw the potential of TV to reach and link Filipinos across the archipelago. By the mid-1960s, the ABS network was leading the radio industry, with stations like DZXL and DZAQ Radyo Patrol, which featured journalists like Ernie Baron, Bong Lapira, Orly Mercado, Joe Taruc, Mario Garcia, Bobby Guanzon, and Rey Langit. ABS also made breakthroughs in the TV industry by achieving the country's first color TV broadcast, first satellite feed, and first use of videotape, among others. It featured top shows then, such as Your Evening with Pilita and Tawag ng Tanghalan, the country's first comedy show Buhay Artista, first Philippine gameshow, What's My Living and the first noontime show Student Canteen, among others.[10]

On June 14, 1961, Eugenio Lopez, Jr. built the first provincial TV station in Cebu airing 4 hours with the tallest tower (in that time) in Cebu measuring 216 feet.

Two years later, the network's first test color broadcasts began. Color broadcasts started in November 1966, the first in the Philippines and Southeast Asia as the network was tagged as the First in Color Television, with full color broadcasting beginning in 1971 at all national television stations.[10]

On December 18, 1968, ABS-CBN opened its new Broadcast Center on Bohol Avenue, Quezon City, where it still stands today. At the time, it was the most advanced facility of its kind in Asia. The station again made breakthroughs by using the first live satellite transmissions from abroad, foremost of which was the first moon landing in 1969 and in the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico the year before. The network enjoyed a big portion of the ratings and won various awards and recognitions from different organizations.[10]

In 1970, the network owned and operated 2 national television networks and 12 regional television stations, 6 national radio and 15 regional radio stations nationwide.

Martial law era

The station suffered a setback upon the declaration of martial law. On midnight of 22 September 1972, a day after the declaration of Martial Law, ABS-CBN and its affiliate stations were seized. Geny Lopez, the president of the company, was imprisoned and held without trial for five years until he and his cellmate Sergio Osmeña III launched a daring jailbreak in 1977 and sought asylum in the United States. The network itself was taken over by Roberto Benedicto, a presidential crony, who used the Broadcasting Center at Bohol Avenue, then renamed as "Broadcast Plaza", as the home of MBS-4.[10] Channel 2 would later be relaunched as the BBC-2, with a completely new logo, slogan and a theme song from Jose Mari Chan entitled "Big Beautiful Country" and sung by various artists. BBC-2 later moved to new headquarters in Broadcast City (also in Diliman, Quezon City) in 1978.

Capture of Broadcast Plaza (MBS-4)

At the height of the People Power Revolution, military reformists, believing that television would be a powerful tool to aid the revolution, attacked and took over the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center. On 24 February 1986, former ABS-CBN talents put the station back on the air and televised the drama of the unfolding uprising, thereby contributing to the strength of the revolt.[10]

Rebirth and growth

ABS-CBN logo (July 14, 1986 - January 1, 2000)

On 28 February 1986, after the Revolution, Geny Lopez returned to the country after self-exile in the United States and started rebuilding from what was left of the station. Recovery was difficult and resources were low, hence, former ABS-CBN employee Freddie M. García was brought in to rework the station's programming. By 1988, ABS-CBN had regained its foothold in Philippine TV ratings.

On 1 March 1987, Channel 2 was relaunched with the live musical special, The Star Network: Ang Pagbabalík Ng Bituin (The Return of the Star) which noted for the then-brand-new numerical white tri-ribbon channel 2 logo with a white rhombidal star (from 1988 to 1992 the ribbons were tri-coloured in red, green and blue) as a centrepiece of the network's revival. Within the year, ABS-CBN also beefed up its news programmes with TV Patrol, anchored by a team of newsreaders composed of now former Vice-President Noli de Castro, Mel Tiangco, Frankie Evangelista, and Angelique Lazo, with the late Ernie Baron telling the daily weather forecast. Other reputable news programmes followed, such as Magandang Gabi, Bayan and Hoy Gising!. The entertainment programmes of ABS-CBN were also revamped with series that previously aired on RPN-9 and IBC-13: (Eat Bulaga!, Okey Ka Fairy Ko!, The Sharon Cuneta Show, Coney Reyes on Camera) while producing original content (The Maricel Soriano Drama Special, Palibhasa Lalake, Home Along Da Riles). Another feature of its return to the top of the ratings is the introduction of the live-action sentai and tokusatsu show formats (with Bioman and Shaider) to Philippine television. Filipino-dubbed anime programmes, another network and Philippine television first, would only begin in the transition to the 1990s.

In 1989, ABS-CBN shifted to satellite broadcast, enabling the entire country to watch the same programmes simultaneously. This was also the very year when the network began international broadcasts to Guam and Saipan, Northern Marianas, also via satellite, yet another first for Philippine and Asian television. Slowly, the station inched its way to financial recovery, which it achieved by 1990, regularly garnering around 70% of the market.

According to their website, they reach 97% of all households in the country and provide content for Studio 23 on UHF and for 9 cable channels. On 27 May 2010, the conglomerate dropped the word "Broadcasting" from its corporate name. According to Eugenio Lopez III "[it] is a response to the changes in the media landscape brought about by technology. The media business has gone beyond merely broadcasting to encompass other platforms.”[11]

Aside from its flagship broadcast television network ABS-CBN, the company broadcasts to many Filipino expatriates around the world through The Filipino Channel. The company has also diversified into film production (ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc.), music production (Star Recording, Inc.), visual effects (Roadrunner Network, Inc.) print publication (ABS-CBN Publishing, Inc.), and new media (ABS-CBN Interactive). In August 2008, it inked a deal with Sorensen Pacific Broadcasting to broadcast its news and entertainment programs to its television and radio broadcasting properties in Guam and Northern Mariana Islands. In 2007, Myx TV, a premium television network was launched in the United States. The network caters to the Asian-American youth community in the United States with the primary focus on playing music videos from different artists, genres, and countries. Years later Bro, a men-focused channel was added to its rosters of international networks.

In 1996, ABS-CBN introduced its second broadcast television network Studio 23 as well as the cable channels Myx (music), ABS-CBN News Channel (news), Cinema One (movie), the Lifestyle Network (home and lifestyle), Kapamilya Channel (regionally produced shows.), Hero (Tagalog dubbed anime), DZMM TeleRadyo (interactive news) and Knowledge Channel (educational). In the first quarter of 2008 three additional cable channels were added namely Balls (sports), Velvet (women-oriented) and the now defunct Maxxx (men-oriented). The network's radio stations include DZMM Radyo Patrol 630 (630 kHz AM-Manila), Tambayan 101.9 (DWRR 101.9 kHz FM-Manila), and regional FM stations under the brand My Only Radio For Life!.

ABS-CBN has established regional stations and news bureaus to handle operations in different areas throughout the Philippines and throughout the world. ABS-CBN Global Ltd., a division of ABS-CBN that is responsible for overseeing all of its international assets has offices and news bureaus throughout the world. ABS-CBN International, one of the largest international subsidiary of ABS-CBN is based in Redwood City, California. In 2008, a broadcasting and studio facility in Redwood City, California was built to further expand their programming and technical capabilities. In the same year, San Francisco International Gateway, a teleport company and a subsidiary of ABS-CBN that was incorporated in Richmond, California started to operate. SFIG provides teleport services through its 2.5 acre facilities which consist of 19 satellite dishes and 9 modular equipment buildings.[12]

ABS-CBN affirms its social responsibility with its slogan, "In the Service of the Filipino", and through the work of ABS-CBN Foundation, Inc.. Through media, the foundation has delivered E-TV (Educational Television) DVDs to hundreds of public schools in the country that benefitted students. The foundation is also the umbrella organization of such foundations such as the Knowledge Channel (KCh) Foundation, Bantay Bata (Children's Watch), Bantay Kalikasan (Environment Watch), and ABS-CBN Bayan Foundation (formerly, ABS-CBN Bayan MicroFinance).

Geny Lopez died of a heart attack and cancer on 29 June 1999 in West Avenue Medical Center in Quezon City. This happened on the same year when the network inaugurated its Millennium Transmitter in the corporation grounds, resulting in a more clear signal for its television and radio stations nationwide, and put up its own grand New Year's Day broadcast for the year 2000 in 3 simultaneous locations, and unveiled a new logo a day later.

The Kapamilya network

In 2003, during the 50th anniversary of Philippine television, ABS-CBN launched its present brand name, "Kapamilya" (literally means "a member of the family").

Its international unit ABS-CBN Global Ltd. plans to undertake an initial public offering (IPO) the following year and might list on the Singapore Stock Exchange to help finance its expansion plans.[13]

The network celebrated its golden anniversary in 2003. The network held its Kapamilya Homecoming, which gathered over 4,000 former employees and talents for a grand reunion at ABS-CBN’s compound in Bohol Avenue, Quezon City. The network also launched a promo called "Treasure Hunt", where the people were invited to bring their oldest television, radio sets, microphones, and posters. The network also celebrated its 16th year reign in the TV ratings, with 13 of their shows included in the Top 15 daily programs in TV. ABS-CBN also launched new shows such as the then phenomenal Meteor Garden etc. The company also did a nationwide caravan, showcasing the network's talents.

In October 2003, the network held a month-long celebration of ABS-CBN and Philippine TV's 50th year.[14] The station produced two commemorative documentaries about the station's contribution in news and entertainment. Sa Mata ng Balita encapsulated some of the most unforgettable, most remarkable, and most celebrated landmarks of the last 50 years as captured by television news. 50 Taong Ligawan: The Pinoy TV History, on the other hand, was the first extensive television documentary done about the history of Philippine Television and the evolution of Philippine entertainment. For the celebration's finale, the broadcasting giant capped its 50th anniversary with a spectacular extravaganza dubbed as Kapamilya: ABS-CBN at 50,[15] held at the Philippine International Convention Center (PICC) in Pasay City. It was hailed as one of the biggest media events of the year. The Lopez-led network rolled out the red carpet to welcome its high-profile guests from the business, advertising and media sectors, politics, members of the diplomatic community, with many of the society’s luminaries and glitterati. Valued friends and supporters of the network throughout the five decades also attended the grand affair. The network's official 50 Years station id won an Award for Excellence in the 2004 Golden Quill Festival.

Recent developments

File:ELJCC2.jpg
The Eugenio Lopez, Jr. Communications Center as viewed from Eugenio Lopez Street.

In 2008, ABS-CBN celebrated the 55th year of Philippine television. For the first time, ABS-CBN started the year by launching four primetime shows namely Maging Sino Ka Man, Lobo, Palos and Kung Fu Kids. A new station ID entitled "Beyond Television" was launched. the new TV plug depicts the growth of ABS-CBN from a small television network that started in 1953 into a media conglomerate that has businesses beyond television.[16] It is also on this year that The Wall Street Journal Asia ranked ABS-CBN as the 7th most admired company of the Philippines; being the only media company included on the list, the company also received the Innovation Award for its innovation in internet TV with its TFC Now! service.[17]

On April 26, 2009, ABS-CBN is the only media company to be cited as one of the country's top 15 listed companies in corporate governance, as shown by an annual survey of the Institute of Corporate Directors (ICD).[18] It was the only media company to garner a score of 90 percent or higher in the 2008 Corporate Governance Scorecard, a survey of corporate governance practices among 172 publicly listed companies in the country.[18]

During the historic 2010 Philippine presidential election, in response to the first automation of the election in the country, ABS-CBN utilized a technology from Orad Hi Tech Systems Ltd. that utilizes the principles of augmented reality.[19] The technology uses real-time image processing system for live broadcasts of 3D computer-generated imagery against a real set or background. ABS-CBN also used what is probably the biggest touch screen display ever used in a Philippine television show as well as a huge WAR (Wireless Audience Response) room that is specifically designed for the election coverage.[20] The coverage of ABS-CBN became the third top trending topic worldwide on the social networking site Twitter.[21][22]

On June 17, 2011, the conglomerate announced the construction of a state-of-the-art sound stage facility for a cost of 6 billion pesos. A 15 hectare lot in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan was acquired later that year for 75 million pesos. The facility will be comprised by six sound stages and a backlot. The first sound stage is expected to be completed by 2012.[23]

On December 19, 2011, ABS-CBN Corporation acquired the patented weather forecasting system from Weather Central, LP, a United States-based company.[24][25][26]

On January 1, 2013, Charo Santos-Concio was appointed as the new chief executive officer of the company taking over Gabby Lopez. Lopez remains the chairman of the company.[27]

Branding of ABS-CBN

The ABS-CBN logo features three main elements, the vertical line rooted on a horizontal origin, the three extending circles, and the text ABS-CBN. The vertical line or bar represents a tower (broadcasting tower), with the circles symbolizing its signals representing the red, green and blue or RGB colors which makes up a pixel shown on the television. The 3 divisions of the Philippines, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, are also denoted by the three circles.

Channel 2

The logo used by the Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation (November 1973- February 1986).

Since 1969, the network has started using a channel logo beginning on DZAQ-TV with the early channel 2 logo for use as a promotion from 1969 to 1972 as The Family Channel. The frequency was later awarded to BBC as DWWX-TV from 1973 to 1986, and had a different logo used.

ABS-CBN introduced an innovation to the channel 2 logo from 1986 to 1992. At first, the channel 2 logo is introduced into ABS-CBN, after the dissolution of BBC in July. The features of the first channel 2 logo is a wing-shaped blue crest with a white curve at the top and a white line as a tail, the broadway 2 logo was used from 1986 to 1987. It has a slogan name Watch Us Do It Again! as the station ID aired since the network's revival.

After six months of carefully selected plans, the first tri-ribbon 2 logo laced with a rhombidal star came to be on 1 March 1987. The tri-ribbon 2 logo's color is white carried the slogan The Star Network when it aired as a station ID to reclaim the dominance in TV ratings. By 1988, the ribbons in the tri-ribbon 2 logo are tri-colored with red, green and blue. Truly, the tri-ribbon 2 logo was accidentally coming from a shooting star in the form of 2. Similarly, most numerical channel logos within this slogan have a star and versions came into regional TV channels like 3 (DYCB-TV in Cebu and DZRR-TV in Baguio), 4 (DYXL-TV in Bacolod and DXAS-TV in Davao) and other regional stations.

Sarimanok

The Sarimanok, a legendary bird in Philippine Folklore was first used in 1966 to identify color broadcasts (somewhat similar on how the NBC peacock has been utilized). In 1993, which happens to be the Chinese Year of the Rooster, ABS-CBN relaunched the Sarimanok with a new station ID featuring the legendary bird. The Sarimanok ID became utmostly associated with the channel that ABS-CBN opted it to become the station's mascot. ABS-CBN later named its new 24-hour news channel the Sarimanok News Network, the precursor of the ABS-CBN News Channel.

The evolution of ABS-CBN logos

The ABS-CBN corporate logo started from the Alto Broadcasting System's (ABS) radio tower transmission waves graphic element and original typography that was conceptualized in 1956. James Lindenberg commissioned Delfin L. Borrero, then a fresh fine arts graduate of the University of the Philippines in Diliman, to develop the ABS logo and its logotype. This would later make Borrero the creator of the iconic ABS-CBN logo of today.

In 1966 before ABS and CBN merged, the original logo was modified by Davis Architects which were the architect of the Bryant-Denny Stadium and Leandro Locsin, architect of the Philippine International Convention Center (PICC).

In 1967, with the incorporation and final merger of the Quirino-owned Alto Broadcasting System (ABS) and the Lopez-owned Chronicle Broadcasting Network (CBN), the logo was revised with the same original graphic elements and including the CBN typography. The logo was rendered in black and white for station ID.

The colored rendition of the 1967 logo first appeared on the first color TV broadcast in the country within the year, and later became the company's logo upon its revival. The tri-band circles are in RGB. Red for Luzon, Green for Visayas and Blue for Mindanao. The colored variation was used subsequently until 2000.

On 1 January 2000, ABS-CBN modified its corporate logo. The previous logo, which heralded ABS-CBN as the largest TV network in the country gave way to the present logo's styling. The tri-band circles derived from the original radio transmission waves graphic element with colors, red, green, blue with the vertical line at the center still remained and the logotype was enhanced, with the ABS and CBN names merged to create the ABS-CBN name now situated below with a new, modern typography, and the box appearing as a flat square colored in light gray color.

Today, the tri-band radio transmission waves graphic element and the original typography are used in derivatives as logos and logotypes of subsidiaries of the ABS-CBN Corporation. Arquitectonica, a Miami-based international architecture, landscape architecture, interior design and urban planning corporation, designed the logo derivatives.

Slogans

Main article: List of ABS-CBN Corporation slogans

Programming

Main article: List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN Corporation

ABS-CBN Holdings Corporation

ABS-CBN Holdings Corporation is a holding company incorporated on 30 March 1999 as Worldtech Holdings Corporation, for the primary purpose of investing, purchasing and holding real and personal properties, including but not limited to, shares of stock, bonds, debentures, notes, evidences of indebtedness or other securities or obligations. On 16 September 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission approved the change in the Company’s corporate name to ABS-CBN Holdings Corporation.[28]

The Company has not conducted any business other than in connection with the issuance of PDRs (Philippine Depository Receipt), the performance of obligations under the PDR and the acquisition and holding of shares of ABS-CBN Corporation in respect of PDR issued.

ABS-CBN Broadcasting Centre

The ELJ Communications Center, the satellite operations, and the Millennium Transmitter as viewed from the main building.

The ABS-CBN Broadcasting Centre is the main headquarter of ABS-CBN Corporation, its subsidiaries, and other affiliate companies. It consists of a triangular compound with an area of approximately 44,000 square meters.[29] It is located on Sergeant Esguerra Avenue, corner Mother Ignacia Street, Barangay South Triangle, Diliman, Quezon City. Situated on 14"38' N and 121"02' E. It was originally built in 1968 and was then the most advanced broadcast facility in Asia. Today it is now the country's largest and most technologically advanced broadcast facility, capable of broadcasting multiple and simultaneous live SD or HD audio-video feeds to any parts of the world and vice versa.[30] The complex contains several buildings and studios used for broadcasting, taping, post-production and other related businesses. A Fitness First facility and the building and main office of ABS-CBN Foundation, Inc. can also be found inside the complex while the sound-stages and facade of Pinoy Big Brother and Pinoy Dream Academy are found facing the complex. A JUSMAG property in front of the complex further expands the headquarter. The 720 foot Millennium Transmitter of ABS-CBN is also inside the compound.

ABS-CBN Studios

The ABS-CBN Studios is consist of thirteen studios. Studio 1, now called the Dolphy Theatre, is one of the oldest studios of ABS-CBN and is named after the late comedian-actor Dolphy. Studio 2 houses the reality singing competition The Voice of the Philippines. Studio 3, also one of the oldest studio, houses the variety show It's Showtime. Studio 4 houses the game show Minute to Win It. Studio 5 houses another game show Kapamilya, Deal or No Deal. Studio 6 houses programs of the ANC, while ABS-CBN flagship news programs TV Patrol, Bandila, and News Patrol airs live from Studio 7. Studio 8 houses the showbiz talk show The Buzz. Studio 9 houses the lifestyle talk show Kris TV. Studio 10, the largest studio, houses the musical variety show ASAP 18, the comedy talk show Gandang Gabi, Vice!, the showbiz/biographical talk show Showbiz Inside Report, the drama anthology Maalaala Mo Kaya, the sitcom Toda Max, and the magazine/lifestyle documentary program Rated K. Studios 11 and 12 are temporary studio set-ups, where the props and set decorations are dismantled after the show, this studio is currently being used by the gag shows Goin' Bulilit and Banana Split. This studio also houses the television network Studio 23 where live news programs such as Iba-Balita Ngayon, Iba-Balita and Bilis Balita are currently airing. Studio 13, the loop studio, houses the morning show Umagang Kay Ganda.

Eugenio Lopez, Jr. Communications Center

File:ELJCC.jpg
The ELJ Communications Center overseeing the newly reinforced Millennium Transmitter as viewed from Mother Ignacia Avenue.

The Eugenio Lopez, Jr. Communications Center (ELJCC) is a high-end 15-storey building with three basement-level parking areas. It occupies 10,000 square meter of land area and it has a 101,608.32 square meter of gross floor area.[31] It was originally constructed in 2000 and is named after the late Eugenio Lopez, Jr..The ground floor level is a retail area, 2nd to 4th floors are studios and technical rooms, 5th to 12th floors are corporate offices while 13th to 15th floors are the executive offices. On 4 November 2010, a date which would have been Geny Lopez' 82nd birthday, Philippine President Benigno Aquino III and other politicians participated in the building's dedication ceremony.[32] ABS-CBN Film Archive, the cinema library of ABS-CBN, which The Philippine Daily Inquirer describes as the "de facto national archives" for cinema of the Philippines, has been located in the basement of ELJCC since 2003. Out of the estimated 8,000 films created since the birth of the Philippine cinema industry, an estimated 5,000 have been lost; of the remaining 3,000, ELJCC holds 2,500.[33]

The Big Dipper Digital Content & Design, Inc., the digital central library and subsidiary of ABS-CBN is located in the 3rd floor of ELJCC. The Big Dipper is an approved IT (Information Technology) enterprise ecozone of the Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA). Since 2010, the company has availed a total of 472 million pesos of income tax holiday incentives.[34]

Digital transition

Digital terrestrial television

ABS-CBN Corporation initially applied for a license from the National Telecommunications Commission to operate a digital terrestrial television service in the country back in 2007.[35] ABS-CBN planned to utilize multiplex to offer ABS-CBN, Studio 23 and 5 additional specialty TV channels. The conglomerate is expected to spend at least 1 billion pesos annually for the next 5 years for its DTT transition.[36] ABS-CBN utilized UHF channel 51 Manila (692–698 MHz) for test broadcasts in the DVB-T format. ABS-CBN was expected to begin digital test broadcasts in January 2009.[35][37]

In June 2010, the NTC announced that it would formally adopt the Japanese standard ISDB-T for digital broadcasting and issued a circular commanding all of the country's television networks to switch-off their analog services on 31 December 2015 at 11:59 p.m. Philippine Standard Time (UTC+8).[38]

In April 2011, the conglomerate announced further details about its DTT plans, which would offer ABS-CBN and Studio 23. In addition, five new channels which will be exclusively available to its digital users will be offered once the digital broadcast start. The specialty TV channel line-up include one news channel, two youth-oriented channels, a men oriented channel and a women-oriented channel. The conglomerate is also planning to utilize the 1seg (one segment) broadcast standard for handheld devices.[39][40][41]

High-definition television

On 19 April 2009, ABS-CBN acquired 24 units of Sony HDC-1400R High-definition portable studio cameras in preparation for high definition production.[42] In July 2009, ABS-CBN Sports produced the first domestic high definition telecast; the coverage of the UAAP Season 72 basketball game which was shown on its sports channel Balls.[43][44] In addition, two of its three Eurocopter AS355 news chopper are capable of transmitting high-definition live feeds from its 5 axis gimbal HD camera mounted on the nose of the aircraft.[45]

On 20 April 2010, Ikegami Tsushinki Co., Ltd., a Japanese manufacturer of professional and broadcast television equipment announced the acquisition of ABS-CBN Corporation of 75 units of Ikegami GFCAM™ HDS-V10 tapeless Flash RAM HD camcorders. The cameras will be deployed to all of its regional stations across the country including the main headquarter in Quezon City.[46]

Tapeless

In 2007, the conglomerate invested in a tapeless technology from EVS, a first of its kind in Southeast Asia.[44] It provided the network a non-linear post production workflow and wireless access on remote areas via media access management system utilizing the HD OB Van and Xt(2) provided in partnership with EVS and with the integration with WAM Pacific, Inc. and Avid Technology[47][48] and through Wi-Fi network provided by Ruckus Wireless.[49]

Digital archiving

ABS-CBN Corporation started digitizing its content in 2004.[50] In 2007, the conglomerate invested in a 4 million dollar deal with IBM Corporation for a Media Asset Management System (MAMS) that includes a hardware infrastructure support and 2 petabytes (2000 terabytes) of storage capacity that is expected to grow by 36% over the years as ABS-CBN is already generating over 700 hours of content a month.[51] The technology, with 1.2 million dollar deal integration with Dalet Digital Media Systems[52] and Avid Unity ISIS (Infinitely Scalable Intelligent Storage)[50] will enable ABS-CBN to digitize and store its over 200,000 hours of television content and its library of over 2000 films.[53] The Big Dipper Digital Content & Design, Inc. is the subsidiary that oversees all of its digital assets.

Subsidiaries

Here is a list of assets owned by ABS-CBN Corporation. The following are wholly owned and operated by ABS-CBN unless otherwise indicated.

  • ABS-CBN Australia Pty., Ltd.[2]
  • ABS-CBN Canada ULC[2]
  • ABS-CBN Canada Remittance, Inc.[54]
  • ABS-CBN Convergence, Inc (66.5% formerly Multi-Media Telephony, Inc.)[3]
  • ABS-CBN Europe Ltd.[2]
  • ABS-CBN Europe Remittance, Inc.[54]
  • ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc. (d/b/a Star Cinema)
  • ABS-CBN Center for Communication Arts, Inc. (d/b/a Star Magic)
  • ABS-CBN Global Ltd.
  • ABS-CBN Global Cargo Corporation[2] (d/b/a Star Kargo)
  • ABS-CBN Global Hungary Kft.[2]
  • ABS-CBN Global Netherlands B.V.[2]
  • ABS-CBN Global Remittance[2]
  • ABS-CBN Integrated and Strategic Property Holdings, Inc.[2]
  • ABS-CBN Interactive (d/b/a ABSi)
  • ABS-CBN International (d/b/a ABS-CBNi)
  • ABS-CBN Japan, Inc.[2]
  • ABS-CBN Middle East FZ-LLC[2]
  • ABS-CBN Middle East LLC[2]
  • ABS-CBN Multimedia, Inc.[2]
  • ABS-CBN Publishing, Inc.
  • ABS-CBN Shared Service Center Pte., Ltd.[2]
  • ABS-CBN Telecom North America[2] (d/b/a San Francisco International Gateway)[55]
  • ABS-CBN Theme Parks and Resorts Holdings, Inc. (d/b/a ABS-CBN Theme Parks)[54]
  • Bisaya Cable Television Network, Inc. (57.4%)[3]
  • Bright Moon Cable Networks, Inc. (57.4%)[3]
  • Cavity Cable Corporation (56.7%)[2]
  • Cebu Cable Television, Inc. (54%)[3]
  • Cepsil Consultancy and Management Corporation (56.7%)[2]
  • Columbus Technologies, Inc. (70%)[56]
  • Creative Programs, Inc. (d/b/a CPI)
  • Culinary Publications, Inc.[2]
  • Davao Cableworld Network, Inc. (57.4%)[3]
  • Discovery Cable, Inc. (40.2%)[3]
  • E-Money Plus, Inc.[2]
  • First Ilocandia CATV, Inc. (52.2%)[3]
  • HM Cable Networks, Inc. (57.4%)[3]
  • HM CATV, Inc. (56.7%)[2]
  • Home-Lipa Cable, Inc. (34.4%)[3]
  • Hotel Interactive Systems, Inc. (57.4%)[3]
  • Isla Cable TV, Inc. (57.4%)[3]
  • JMY Advantage Corporation (54.6%)[3]
  • Mactan CATV Network, Inc. (52.2%)[3]
  • Moonsat Cable Television, Inc. (56.7%)[2]
  • Pacific CATV, Inc. (52.5%)[3]
  • Pilipino Cable Corporation (57.4%)[3]
  • Play Innovations, Inc. (73%)[54]
  • Play Innovations Hungary Kft. (73%)[54]
  • Professional Services for Television & Radio, Inc.[2]
  • Roadrunner Network, Inc.[2] (d/b/a RoadRunner)
  • Satellite Cable TV, Inc. (57.4%)[3]
  • Suburban Cable Network, Inc. (53%)[3]
  • Sunvision Cable, Inc. (57.4%)[3]
  • Sun Cable Holdings, Inc. (57.4%)[3]
  • Sun Cable Systems Davao, Inc. (57.4%)[3]
  • Sapientis Holdings Corporation[2]
  • Sarimanok News Network, Inc.[2] (d/b/a ABS-CBN News Channel)
  • Sky Cable Corporation (57.4%)[3] (d/b/a SKY, Sky Cable)
  • Star Recording, Inc.[2] (d/b/a Star Records)
  • Star Songs, Inc.[2]
  • Studio 23, Inc.[2]
  • Tarlac Television Network, Inc. (57.4%)[3]
  • Telemondial Holdings, Inc. (57.4%)[3]
  • The Big Dipper Digital Content & Design, Inc.[2] (d/b/a Big Dipper)
  • TV Food Chefs, Inc.[2]

Affiliates

Here is a list of companies that are affiliated with ABS-CBN. Note that the company (ABS-CBN) only holds economic interest to the following.

Non-stock organizations

  • ABS-CBN Foundation, Inc.- the umbrella organization of Bantay Bata (Child Watch), Bantay Baterya (Battery Watch), Bantay Kalikasan (Environmental Watch), BayaniJuan (Country of Juan), E-Media (Educational television), Kapit Bisig Para sa Ilog Pasig (Holding together for Pasig River), No to Mining in Palawan, and Sagip Kapamilya (Saving Members of the Family).
  • ABS-CBN Bayan Foundation, Inc.
  • 71 Dreams Foundation, Inc.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Villanueva, Paul Michael (21 March 2013). "2012 Financial and Operating Results" (PDF) (Press release). Philippine Stock Exchange. Retrieved 22 March 2013. {{cite press release}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Villanueva, Paul Michael (27 April 2012). "Submmission of the Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011" (PDF) (Press release). Retrieved 6 July 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Villanueva, Paul Michael (27 March 2013). "ABS-CBN Corporation 2012 SEC Form 17-A" (PDF) (Press release). Philippine Stock Exchange. {{cite press release}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ Montecillo, Paolo (13 December 2012). "ABS-CBN to issue 1B voting low yield preferred shares". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 20 January 2013. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ Lopez, Antonio (2000). "The coming Estrada-Lopez nuptials have Manila investors abuzz about love, money, power and profit". Asiaweek. Retrieved 11 July 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ Lucas, Daxim (23 June 2012). "TV5 losses double to P4.1B in 2011". The Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 11 July 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ Red, Isah (19 February 2013). "Now it's Kapamilya asserting leadership in broadcasting". Manila Standard Today. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ Shareholders FAQS, retrieved 27 March 2012
  9. ^ "Farewell to the Father of Philippine Television". ABS-CBN.com. Retrieved 2011-05-08.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Anastacio, Ellen Joy; Badiola, Janine Natalie (1 January 2010). "The History of Philippine Television". UP-CMC Broadcast Department. Retrieved 27 March 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  11. ^ ABS-CBN changes corporate name, Lopez Group of Companies, retrieved 1 June 2010 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  12. ^ "ABS-CBN International". World Teleport Association. 14 December 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  13. ^ Logata, Charo. "ABS-CBN confirms IPO for Global". ABS-CBN Interactive. Retrieved 7 April 2007. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help) [dead link]
  14. ^ Vanzi, Sol Jose (1 November 2003). "ABS-CBN'S 50TH YEAR CELEBRATES PHILIPPINE TELEVISION". Newsflash.org. Retrieved 27 March 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  15. ^ Sol Jose Vanzi (2003). "ABS-CBN'S 50th Year Celebrates Philippine Television". The Philippine Star. Retrieved April 7, 2007. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  16. ^ Paolo Ramos (director) (2008). Beyond Television (television production). Philippines: Creative Communications Management Group. {{cite AV media}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ Dimaculangan, Jocelyn (2 May 2008). "ABS-CBN is 7th most admired company in RP—The Wall Street Journal Asia". Philippine Entertainment Portal. Retrieved 6 April 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  18. ^ a b "ABS-CBN tops corporate governance survey among RP media | ABS-CBN News | Latest Philippine Headlines, Breaking News, Video, Analysis, Features". ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. 2009-04-27. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Sanchez, Rowena Joy (14 May 2010). "TV networks war over holograms and virtual presence". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2 July 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  20. ^ Almo, Nerisa (8 May 2010). "ABS-CBN encourages Filipinos to be citizen journalists". Philippine Entertainment Portal. Retrieved 2 July 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  21. ^ Chui, Angie (27 May 2010). "ABS-CBN, partners make milestone in poll coverage". The Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 19 August 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  22. ^ "ANC taps social media halalan 2010". ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. 10 May 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  23. ^ "Soon to rise: ABS-CBN's state-of-the-art soundstages". Lopez Group of Companies. 5 October 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  24. ^ "ABS-CBN acquires most advanced weather forecasting system". Philippine Canadian Inquirer. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  25. ^ "ABS-CBN gets advanced weather forecast system". The Philippine Star. 17 May 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  26. ^ "ABS-CBN Chooses Weather Central to Bring Accuracy, Clarity to Weather Forecasts in Philippines" (Press release). Weather Central, LP. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2012. {{cite press release}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  27. ^ Tugade, Edgardo (December 11, 2012). "Gabby Lopez retires as ABS-CBN CEO; Charo Santos takes on chief executive role". GMA News Online. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  28. ^ ABS-CBN Holdings Corporation, BusinessWeek, retrieved 15 March 2012 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  29. ^ Villanueva, Paul Michael (31 December 2011), ABS-CBN 17-A 2011, Scribd.com, p. 18, retrieved 8 August 2012 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  30. ^ What is ABS-CBN?, Reocities, retrieved 21 March 2012 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  31. ^ Eugenio Lopez Jr. Communication, Manilaofficespace.org, retrieved 19 March 2012 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  32. ^ "PNoy leads ABS-CBN dedication ceremony of ELJCC building". Philippine Entertainment Portal. Retrieved 2011-05-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  33. ^ "Philippine Inquirer: Inside the Kapamilya film vaults". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2011-05-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  34. ^ Villanueva, Paul Michael (31 December 2011), ABS-CBN 17-A 2011, Scribd.com, p. 150, retrieved 8 August 2012 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  35. ^ a b "ABS-CBN to launch digital TV". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2011-05-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  36. ^ Galicia, Loui (2007). "ABS-CBN continues preparation for digital TV". ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 2007-09-22. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) [dead link]
  37. ^ "ABS-CBN unit to roll out digital TV-based teaching". Business Mirror. 2010-08-25. Retrieved 2011-05-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  38. ^ "Business - NTC chooses Japan digital TV standard for RP - INQUIRER.net". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 2010-06-09. Retrieved 2011-05-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  39. ^ Rommel Pedrealba (director) (2011). ANC Future Perfect: TV Goes Digital 2/5 (Television production). Philippines: ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. {{cite AV media}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  40. ^ Rommel Pedrealba (director) (2011). ANC Future Perfect: TV Goes Digital 3/5 (Television production). Philippines: ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. {{cite AV media}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  41. ^ "ABS-CBN to launch 5 new premium channels on free-to-air TV". Lopez Group of Companies. 2011-04-04. Retrieved 2011-05-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  42. ^ ABS-CBN Philippines launches High Definition with Sony HDC-1400 High Definition Portable Studio Cameras, Sony Corporation, retrieved 20 March 2012 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  43. ^ "ABS-CBN airs UAAP on high-definition". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 20 May 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  44. ^ a b "ABS-CBN Chooses EVS Tapeless Solutions for Studio and OB Facilities". Wam Pacific, Inc. 4 August 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  45. ^ Presenter: Tony Velasques (2010). "Future Perfect: ABS-CBN's Broadcast Technology in a Digital Age". ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. ABS-CBN. ABS-CBN News Channel. {{cite episode}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Missing or empty |series= (help); Unknown parameter |city= ignored (|location= suggested) (help)
  46. ^ "GLOBAL TELEVISION NETWORK ABS-CBN PURCHASES 75 IKEGAMI GFCAM™ HDS-V10 TAPELESS HD FLASH RAM CAMCORDERS" (Press release). Ikegami Tsushinki. 20 April 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2012. {{cite press release}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  47. ^ ABS-CBN Goes Tapeless, retrieved 23 April 2008
  48. ^ "ABS-CBN launches HD broadcasts with multiformat switchers". Archived from the original on 31 October 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  49. ^ "Largest Entertainment and Media Company in Philippines Moves to Smart Wi-Fi From Ruckus Wireless". PR Newswire Association LLC. Retrieved 4 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  50. ^ a b "Creation". APB. Softpressmedia.com: 16–17. December 2010. {{cite journal}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  51. ^ "IBM Philippines Bolsters ABS-CBN's Digital Content Management" (Press release). IBM Corporation. 11 April 2008. Retrieved 8 April 2012. {{cite press release}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  52. ^ Dolan, Janice (17 June 2008). "Dalet Inks 1.2 Million dollar Media Asset Management and Digital Archive Deal With ABS-CBN". Zazil Media Group. Retrieved 8 April 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  53. ^ Casiraya, Lawrence (6 March 2008). "ABS-CBN taps IBM to store digital video archives". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 8 April 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  54. ^ a b c d e Villanueva, Paul Michael (14 November 2012). "Revised SEC 17-Q for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012" (PDF) (Press release). Philippine Stock Exchange. Retrieved 2 December 2012. {{cite press release}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  55. ^ San Francisco International Gateway (An ABS-CBN Company). Satellite Markets & Research. 2010. {{cite AV media}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |media= ignored (help)
  56. ^ Villanueva, Paul Michael (31 December 2011), ABS-CBN 17-A 2011, Scribd.com, p. 79, retrieved 9 August 2012 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

Further reading

  • John A. Lent (1971). Philippine Mass Communication Before 1811 and After 1966. Manila: Philippine Press Institute. ISBN 9780774812153
  • John A. Lent (1978). Broadcasting in Asia and the Pacific: A Continental Survey of Radio and Television. Philadelphia: Temple University. ISBN 0877220689
  • National Conference on the Role of Communication in the Philippines after the Revolution: People Power and Communication in the Mid-1980s. Wanganui: Pace Publication. 1986
  • Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster sa Pilipinas: The 1996 KBP Media Factbook. Makati City: Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas. 1996
  • Cecille Matutina (1999). Pinoy Television: The Story of ABS-CBN. Quezon City: Benpres Publishing, Inc. ISBN 9719210605
  • Raul S. De Vera (2000). Philippine Studies Vol. 48, No. 2. Manila: Ateneo de Manila University
  • Raul Rodrigo (2006). Kapitan: Geny Lopez and the Making of ABS-CBN. Quezon City: ABS-CBN Publishing, Inc.. ISBN 9718161112

Template:Media and entertainment companies of the Philippines

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ABS-CBN_Corporation&oldid=554216583"