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== Subsidiaries and services ==
== Subsidiaries and services ==

⚫
* [[Netvigator]]
== Brands and services ==
* [[CSL Mobile]] ("csl", "1O1O" and "Club SIM")
[[File:PCCW emergency telephone.JPG|thumbnail|Emergency telephone along a mountain trail|251x251px]]
* [[Sun Mobile|SUN Mobile]]

=== HKT (Hong Kong Telecom) ===
{{Main|Hong Kong Telecom}}
[[HKT (Hong Kong Telecom)|HKT Group Holdings Limited (HKT)]] was formed in 2008 to hold the telecommunications services, media and IT businesses of the PCCW Group in a reorganization designed to improve the Group's operational efficiencies. PCCW-HKT was the first [[quadruple play]] provider in Hong Kong, and offers media content and services for [[fixed-line]], [[broadband Internet]], TV and mobile. The group sells to local and international business customers, as technical services and project [[outsourcing]] to network operators and public and private sector organization.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hkt.com/About+HKT/Company+profile/Milestones?yearSelect=2006+-+2010&language=en_US&keyword=343|title=HKT - Milestones|last=|first=|date=|website=HKT|language=en|access-date=2018-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2013/1220/LTN20131220045.pdf|title=HKT Trust, HKT Limited and PCCW Limited Joint Announcement - Major Transaction In Relation To The Acquisition Of The Entire Issued Share Capital Of CSL New World Mobility Limited and Major Transaction For PCCW Limited|last=|first=|date=|website=HKEX|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/SEHK/2011/0426/LTN20110426261.pdf|title=PCCW Limited - Annual Report 2010|last=|first=|date=|website=HKEX|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=January 2019}}
==== PCCW Engineering ====
PCCW announced the formation of wholly owned [[subsidiary]] CASCADE Limited in January 2003, and transferred almost a quarter of its workforce to Cascade. Cascade employed more than 3,000 staff as of June 2003.
Cascade provides PCCW's telecommunications network operations with support and maintenance services. It provides also network infrastructure design, build-out and maintenance services, consulting solutions, customer installation and maintenance services, project management, operating systems development and maintenance and technical support to clients other than PCCW.
Started from December 2008, Cascade became a Subsidiary of PCCW-HKT Limited, which PCCW-HKT is still 100% owned by PCCW. The name of Cascade is removed from now on, become a part of HKT and named as "Engineering", a business unit of PCCW-HKT, simply like Commercial group of PCCW. All staff in Cascade had transferred to PCCW-HKT without changing.<ref name="Cascade">{{cite web|url=http://www.cascade-ltd.com/abtus/index_company.html|title=Cascade Limited: About Us|year=2003|publisher=Cascade|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218054619/http://www.cascade-ltd.com/abtus/index_company.html|archivedate=18 February 2008|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2008-03-18|df=dmy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=7666083|title=Cascade Limited: Private Company Information - Bloomberg|website=www.bloomberg.com|access-date=2018-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://the-sun.on.cc/channels/fina/20021118/20021118020518_0002.html|title=電盈重組網絡管理搶攻亞洲可能涉及裁員減薪|last=|first=|date=|website=the-sun.on.cc|trans-title=Restructuring of PCCW leading to cutting down on staff number|access-date=2018-04-07}}</ref>
==== Netvigator ====
⚫
Netvigator
Netvigator is a residential and commercial Internet service provider in Hong Kong, a HKT subsidiary. It is Hong Kong's largest Internet service provider (ISP).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/article/381047/more-wireless-hotspots-open-netvigator|title=More wireless hotspots open for Netvigator|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-01-26|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/tech/enterprises/article/2101603/hkt-unleashes-more-ultra-fast-fibre-optic-connections-hong-kong|title=HKT unleashes more ultra-fast broadband connections in Hong Kong|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-01-26|language=en}}</ref>

==== csl, 1O1O, Club SIM ====
{{Main|CSL Mobile}}
[[CSL Mobile]] is a HKT subsidiary, which operates mobile network brands of "csl", "1O1O" and "Club SIM" in [[Hong Kong]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=412702|title=CSL Mobile Limited: Private Company Information - Bloomberg|website=www.bloomberg.com|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref>
====SUN Mobile====
{{main|Sun Mobile}}
SUN Mobile is a joint venture of HKT and {{ill|Telecom Digital|zh|電訊數碼}}


====PCCW Global====
{{Main|PCCW Global}}

PCCW Global (formerly Beyond The Network America<ref>[https://www.pccwglobal.com/en/dmca DMCA] PCCW Global</ref>) is the international operating division of HKT, Hong Kong's premier telecommunications service provider, which is majority-owned by HKT Limited.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pccwglobal.com/en/news-room/2018/567-pccw-global-to-link-rodrigues-with-high-speed-undersea-cable-for-mauritius-telecom|title=PCCW Global to link Rodrigues with high speed undersea cable for Mauritius Telecom {{!}} PCCW Global|last=Ip|first=Janice|website=www.pccwglobal.com|language=en|access-date=2018-04-07}}</ref>

=====YouTube incident=====
On 24 February 2008, [[Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd|Pakistan Telecom]] caused a major interruption of access to the video-sharing website [[YouTube]].<ref>McCullagh, Declan, "[http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9878655-7.html How Pakistan knocked YouTube offline (and how to make sure it never happens again) ]", ''CNET News'', 25 February 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/031008-youtube-pakistan.html YouTube/Pakistan incident: Could something similar whack your site?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224104337/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/031008-youtube-pakistan.html |date=24 December 2013 }}. Networkworld.com (2008-03-10). Retrieved on 2013-12-23.</ref><ref>"[http://www.circleid.com/posts/82258_pakistan_hijacks_youtube_closer_look Pakistan Hijacks YouTube: A Closer Look]", Circleid.com (2008-02-25). Retrieved on 2013-12-23.</ref><ref>"[http://www.betanews.com/article/Pakistan-YouTube-incident-adds-to-international-outage/1203967670 Pakistan YouTube incident adds to international outage]", Betanews.com (2008-02-25). Retrieved on 2013-12-23.</ref> Pakistani Government authorities directed Pakistan Telecom (PTCL) to "block" the YouTube site, to prevent access within Pakistan. PTCL engineers accidentally leaked a "black hole"{{slang}} announcement to PCCW. PCCW had recently provided temporary access to PTCL in order to restore the nation's loss of internet access due to a previous major submarine cable break event. PTCL began leaking the "black hole" BGP announcement to PCCW prior to PCCW's completion of the BGP validation and filtering policies process on the newly activated link. This allowed the announcement to propagate to other networks.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2008/02/insecure-routing-redirects-youtube-to-pakistan/|title=Insecure routing redirects YouTube to Pakistan|work=Ars Technica|access-date=2018-04-07|language=en-us}}</ref>

Once detected, PCCW immediately blocked the leaked announcement from PTCL and access was restored to YouTube within 2 hours.
<ref>{{cite news
| url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7262071.stm
| title= YouTube outage blamed on Pakistan
| work= BBC News
| date= 2008-02-24
| accessdate= 2008-02-25
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url= http://blogs.zdnet.com/threatchaos/?p=548
| title= Pakistan removed from the Internet
| first= Richard
| last= Stiennon
| work= Threat Chaos
| publisher= ZDNet
| date= 2008-02-24
| accessdate= 2008-02-25
}}</ref>

====HKT Teleservice====
HKT Teleservices, a subsidiary of HKT, operates a [[Contact centre (business)|contact centre]] outsourcing business along with an operation in the U.S. It handles inbound and outbound calls, emails and other transactions for customers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hktteleservices.com/aboutus/global-footprint/|title=Global Footprint {{!}} HKT Teleservices|website=www.hktteleservices.com|language=en|access-date=2018-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hktteleservices.com/services/customer-care/|title=Customer Care {{!}} HKT Teleservices|website=www.hktteleservices.com|language=en|access-date=2018-04-07}}</ref>


* PPS – a [[Electronic bill payment|bill payment]] service provided by HKT and [[Electronic Payment Services|EPS]].
* PPS – a [[Electronic bill payment|bill payment]] service provided by HKT and [[Electronic Payment Services|EPS]].
* The Club – a Hong Kong customer [[loyalty program]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/article/1681846/club-rewards-hkt-premier-customers-their-loyalty|title=The Club rewards HKT Premier customers for their loyalty|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-01-26|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theclub.com.hk/eng/about/index.jsp|title=The Club {{!}} An exciting rewards program {{!}} Offers you a variety of events and privileges to meet your lifestyle and entertainment needs|website=www.theclub.com.hk|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref>
* The Club – a Hong Kong customer [[loyalty program]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/article/1681846/club-rewards-hkt-premier-customers-their-loyalty|title=The Club rewards HKT Premier customers for their loyalty|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-01-26|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theclub.com.hk/eng/about/index.jsp|title=The Club {{!}} An exciting rewards program {{!}} Offers you a variety of events and privileges to meet your lifestyle and entertainment needs|website=www.theclub.com.hk|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref>

Revision as of 04:41, 11 March 2019

Not to be confused with Communications in Hong Kong.
HKT
Formerly
  • Hong Kong Telecommunications
  • Cable & Wireless HKT
  • PCCW-HKT
Company typePublic
SEHK: 6823
IndustryTelecommunications
Predecessor
  • Hongkong Telephone Company
  • Cable & Wireless (Hong Kong)
Founded
1925(as Hongkong Telephone)
1987(as Hong Kong Telecom)
HeadquartersHong Kong
Key people
Richard Li
BrandsNetvigator
Services
RevenueDecrease HK$33.258 billion (2017)
Increase HK$05.097 billion (2017)
Total assetsIncrease HK$95.365 billion (2017)
Total equitySteady HK$39.019 billion (2017)
OwnerPCCW (51.97%)
Number of employees
Decrease over 17,600 (2017)
ParentPCCW
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.hkt.com
Footnotes / references
in consolidated financial statement[1]

HKT Limited (Chinese: 香港電訊有限公司) and HKT Trust (Chinese: 香港電訊信託) is a pair of listed corporations of Hong Kong, which the two corporations were bundled as one single stapled security. HKT, via its subsidiaries, is one of the largest telecommunications company of Hong Kong. It was commonly known as Hong Kong Telecom (Chinese: 香港電訊) and had a dominant position in fixed-line, mobile, IDD and broadband services in Hong Kong. HKT Group is a subsidiary of PCCW since 2000.

Corporate identities

The former holding company of the group was Cable & Wireless HKT Limited (Chinese: 香港電訊有限公司; former ticker symbol: 8), it was a subsidiary of Cable & Wireless plc. It was taken over and privatized by PCCW in 2000.[2] PCCW also started to use the ticker symbol "8" after the takeover. Cable & Wireless HKT Limited was formerly known as Hong Kong Telecommunications Limited (Chinese: 香港電訊有限公司), which was incorporated in 1987;[3] it was renamed to Cable & Wireless HKT Limited in 1999,[3] but renamed again to PCCW-HKT Limited in 2000;[3] PCCW-HKT still use the same registered Chinese name (香港電訊有限公司) until 2011, which in the same year the Chinese name became the registered Chinese name of HKT Limited instead.[3]

PCCW-HKT had a major subsidiary PCCW-HKT Telephone Limited (Chinese: 香港電話有限公司),[4] which was incorporated in 1925 under the name Hongkong Telephone Company, Limited;[3] it was briefly known as Cable & Wireless HKT Telephone Limited (Chinese: 香港電話有限公司) from 1999 to 2000.[3] As of 31 December 2016, PCCW-HKT[5]: 70  as well as PCCW-HKT Telephone were still live, wholly owned subsidiaries of PCCW.[5]: 67  However, the telephone services is now provided by HKT's wholly owned subsidiary Hong Kong Telecommunications (HKT) Limited instead,[5] after a group restructure in 2008.[6]

In October 2011, PCCW shareholders approve a partial spin-off of the assets as HKT on the Hong Kong stock exchange (but excluding the two legal persons PCCW-HKT and PCCW-HKT Telephone, as well as the stake in Reach). HKT is successfully listed on 29 November 2011, as HKT Limited and HKT Trust.[7][8] HKT Limited was incorporated in the Cayman Islands, while its direct parent entity, HKT Trust, was set up in Hong Kong under the laws of Hong Kong.[5]

History

Domestic telecommunications facilities in Hong Kong became more advanced in 1925 when the Hong Kong Telephone Company Limited (HKTC) took over the interests of John Pender's China and Japan Telephone and Electric Company. The company's mandate included providing all the British colonies with local telephone services. Over the next six decades Hong Kong Telephone's line capacity grew to more than 2.5 million, with the company serving approximately six million people.[9]

Telecommunications became increasingly important following World War I, and in 1929 the British companies Marconi Wireless and Eastern Telegraph joined to establish Cable and Wireless (C&W). The company's strategy was to supply telephone and telegraph services in Britain's colonies, and it succeeded in securing an exclusive franchise to provide international communications services in Hong Kong.[9]

By 1972 the company's biggest operation was its subsidiary in rapidly growing Hong Kong. Hong Kong Telephone, meanwhile, built a new headquarters in 1972. The company's growth was said to typify the colony's transition from an economy based on manufacturing to one dependent on service industries, which created a demand for telecommunications services. In 1975 Hong Kong Telephone's franchise for domestic service in the colony was extended for an additional 20 years, to expire just ahead of Hong Kong's reversion to China's control in 1997.[9]

Chronology

Hong Kong Telephone Company

  • 1906: China and Japan Telephone and Electric Company acquired a 25-year franchised license on fixed-line.[10]
  • 1925: China and Japan Telephone and Electric Company was acquired[11] by Hong Kong Telephone Company Limited (HKTC). The government also granted HKTC a 50 years franchised license on telephone service.[12][13]
  • 1968: HKTC's franchise was extended for another 20 years.[13]
  • 1983: HKTC started to build their own mobile radiotelephone service, which was supplied and installed by NEC;[14] in the next year the service went public under HKTC's subsidiary Communication Services Limited[13]

Cable and Wireless (Hong Kong)

The Eastern Telegraph Company network in 1901, on the right was the Asia-Pacific network of the company
  • 1871: The predecessor of Cable & Wireless established its Hong Kong branch, for its submarine communications cables that connect from Hong Kong to Saigon, Fuzhou, Manila, Labuan and Macau[10] (or 1936 according to another source[15])
  • 1962: Cable & Wireless acquired a 25-year franchise for telephone and telegraph services[13]
  • 1981: The Hong Kong branch of Cable & Wireless plc was incorporated as Cable and Wireless (Hong Kong) Limited (later known as Hong Kong Telecom International; HKTI).[9] Hong Kong government was a minority shareholder for 20%.[15]
  • 1983: Cable and Wireless (Hong Kong) acquired 34.8% shares of HKTC from Jardine Matheson.[15]
  • 1986: Cable & Wireless also announced plans for an underwater optical fiber cable connecting Hong Kong with Japan and South Korea (a part of APCN), to become operational in 1990.[9]

Hong Kong Telecommunications

  • 1987: Cable & Wireless (Hong Kong) and Hong Kong Telephone Company merged to form a new telecommunications group, with the new holding company called Hong Kong Telecommunications Limited, replacing Hong Kong Telephone Company as a listed company on the stock exchange of Hong Kong[16][15] and as one of the constituents of Hang Seng Index (the blue-chip index of HK). Government of Hong Kong owned around 5.5% shares of the new company immediately after the merger; Cable & Wireless plc remained as the largest shareholder.[16]
  • 1990: Chinese government controlled CITIC Hong Kong acquired 20% shares of Hong Kong Telecommunications from former British state owned enterprise Cable & Wireless plc.[15]
  • 1995: HKTC's franchise expired. HKTC was one of the 4 companies to receive the new license in local fixed-line services[13]
  • 1999: Hong Kong Telecommunications Limited was renamed to Cable & Wireless HKT;[17] the subsidiaries, HKTC was renamed to Cable & Wireless HKT Telephone Limited;[3][18] HKTI was renamed to Cable & Wireless HKT International.[3]
  • 2000: Cable & Wireless HKT was acquired by PCCW. Cable & Wireless HKT was renamed to PCCW-HKT Limited;[19] the subsidiary HKTC was renamed to PCCW-HKT Telephone Limited;[20] while HKTI was renamed to PCCW-HKT International[3]
  • 2001: the subsidiary HKTI was renamed to Reach Networks Hong Kong,[3] it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Reach Limited instead, a joint venture of PCCW and Telstra;[21] 60% stake of CSL was also sold to Telstra[22]
  • 2002: the remaining stake of CSL, the only mobile network operator of the group, was sold to Telstra
  • 2005: PCCW-HKT takeover Sunday Communications,[23][24] relaunching its mobile network operator as PCCW Mobile
  • 2007: PCCW-HKT Telephone acquired the license of CDMA2000 mobile network operator,[25] and launched the services in the next year.[26]
  • 2008: Hong Kong Telecommunications (HKT) Limited was incorporated; Moody's ceased to assign credit rating to PCCW-HKT Telephone Limited and assign a new rating to Hong Kong Telecommunications (HKT) Limited instead; it was reported PCCW-HKT Telephone will become dormant[6]

HKT Limited

  • 2011: PCCW made HKT a spin-off business that separate listing on the Hong Kong stock exchange.[8]
  • 2014: HKT re-acquired CSL (known as its holding company CSL New World Mobility) from Telstra and New World Development; CSL and PCCW Mobile merged, with CSL as the surviving brand; the brand New World Mobility of the former CSL New World Mobility Group was renamed to Sun Mobile

Subsidiaries and services

Brands and services

Emergency telephone along a mountain trail

HKT (Hong Kong Telecom)

Main article: Hong Kong Telecom

HKT Group Holdings Limited (HKT) was formed in 2008 to hold the telecommunications services, media and IT businesses of the PCCW Group in a reorganization designed to improve the Group's operational efficiencies. PCCW-HKT was the first quadruple play provider in Hong Kong, and offers media content and services for fixed-line, broadband Internet, TV and mobile. The group sells to local and international business customers, as technical services and project outsourcing to network operators and public and private sector organization.[27][28][29][non-primary source needed]

PCCW Engineering

PCCW announced the formation of wholly owned subsidiary CASCADE Limited in January 2003, and transferred almost a quarter of its workforce to Cascade. Cascade employed more than 3,000 staff as of June 2003. Cascade provides PCCW's telecommunications network operations with support and maintenance services. It provides also network infrastructure design, build-out and maintenance services, consulting solutions, customer installation and maintenance services, project management, operating systems development and maintenance and technical support to clients other than PCCW. Started from December 2008, Cascade became a Subsidiary of PCCW-HKT Limited, which PCCW-HKT is still 100% owned by PCCW. The name of Cascade is removed from now on, become a part of HKT and named as "Engineering", a business unit of PCCW-HKT, simply like Commercial group of PCCW. All staff in Cascade had transferred to PCCW-HKT without changing.[30][31][32]

Netvigator

Main article: Netvigator

Netvigator is a residential and commercial Internet service provider in Hong Kong, a HKT subsidiary. It is Hong Kong's largest Internet service provider (ISP).[33][34]

csl, 1O1O, Club SIM

Main article: CSL Mobile

CSL Mobile is a HKT subsidiary, which operates mobile network brands of "csl", "1O1O" and "Club SIM" in Hong Kong.[35]

SUN Mobile

Main article: Sun Mobile

SUN Mobile is a joint venture of HKT and Telecom Digital [zh]


PCCW Global

Main article: PCCW Global

PCCW Global (formerly Beyond The Network America[36]) is the international operating division of HKT, Hong Kong's premier telecommunications service provider, which is majority-owned by HKT Limited.[37]

YouTube incident

On 24 February 2008, Pakistan Telecom caused a major interruption of access to the video-sharing website YouTube.[38][39][40][41] Pakistani Government authorities directed Pakistan Telecom (PTCL) to "block" the YouTube site, to prevent access within Pakistan. PTCL engineers accidentally leaked a "black hole"[tone] announcement to PCCW. PCCW had recently provided temporary access to PTCL in order to restore the nation's loss of internet access due to a previous major submarine cable break event. PTCL began leaking the "black hole" BGP announcement to PCCW prior to PCCW's completion of the BGP validation and filtering policies process on the newly activated link. This allowed the announcement to propagate to other networks.[42]

Once detected, PCCW immediately blocked the leaked announcement from PTCL and access was restored to YouTube within 2 hours. [43][44]

HKT Teleservice

HKT Teleservices, a subsidiary of HKT, operates a contact centre outsourcing business along with an operation in the U.S. It handles inbound and outbound calls, emails and other transactions for customers.[45][46]


Former service

Controversy

In 2018, it was exposed that HKT breached the land leases for 4 of their telephone exchange buildings. They were illegally converted to [customers] service centers.[55]

References

  1. ^ "2017 Annual Report" (PDF). HKT Limited c/o HKT Trust. 28 March 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2018 – via Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing website.
  2. ^ Telecommunications Authority makes interconnection determination to implement IDD liberalisation
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Data in Hong Kong Companies Registry
  4. ^ Report on the competition impact of the acquisition of shares in SUNDAY by PCCW (PDF). Hong Kong: Office of the Communications Authority. 5 July 2005. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d 2016 Annual Report (PDF). HKT Trust c/o HKT Limited. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2018 – via Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing website.
  6. ^ a b "Rating Action: Moody's assigns Baa2 rating to HKT; outlook negative" (Press release). Moody's. 28 November 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  7. ^ "HKT TRUST AND HKT LTD. – SS (6823)". Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  8. ^ a b "PCCW spin-off raises HK$9.3b in global I.P.O." South China Morning Post. Hong Kong. 24 November 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  9. ^ a b c d e International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 30. St. James Press, 2000.
  10. ^ a b 趙雨樂; 鍾寶賢; 李澤恩, eds. (2017) [written in Japanese circa 1920s]. 香港要覽（外三種） [Hong Kong crucial guide book plus three other sources] (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Translated by 梁英杰; 高翔; 樊敏麗. Joint Publishing (Hong Kong). p. 101. ISBN 978-962-04-3454-9.
  11. ^ "Telephone Question. Terms new agreed upon. Must be confirm by council". The Hong Kong Telegraph. 19 February 1925. p. 1 – via Hong Kong Public Libraries MMIS.
  12. ^ 鄭, 宏泰; 高, 皓. 白手興家：香港家族與社會 1841-1941 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Chung Hwa Book Company (Hong Kong). p. 210.
  13. ^ a b c d e "Telecom Milestones". Hong Kong: Office of the Telecommunications Authority. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  14. ^ 電話今後六年　投資逾五十億　將發展流動無線電電話 [Telephone will invest 5 billion in the next 6 years; will develop mobile radiotelephone]. The Kung Sheung Evening News (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Hong Kong: Industrial and Commercial Daily Press. 30 March 1983 – via Hong Kong Public Libraries MMIS.
  15. ^ a b c d e 郭國燦. 香港中資財團 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). p. 218–219.
  16. ^ a b 電話與��東電報合併　改名為香港電訊上市　兩股電話換一新公司股份另五送一股證　合併後總市值八百多億成本港最大上市公司. Ta Kung Pao (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Hong Kong. 20 October 1987 – via Hong Kong Public Libraries MMIS.
  17. ^ Hong Kong: Telecoms and technology background [dead link]
  18. ^ "Broadband Interconnection" (PDF). Hong Kong: Office of the Communications Authority. 3 November 1999. p. 7. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  19. ^ Milestones of Telecommunications in Hong Kong Archived 2009-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ Cable & Wireless HKT, CyberWorks fall after pact
  21. ^ http://www.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2016/1223/LTN20161223193.pdf
  22. ^ "Telstra and PCCW Launch Joint Ventures" (PDF) (Press release). Reach. 7 February 2001. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  23. ^ Lau, Justine (13 June 2005). Written at Hong Kong. "PCCW returns to wireless with Sunday buy". Financial Times. London. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  24. ^ Lee, Mark; Wong, Ka-chun (14 June 2005). "PCCW returns to mobiles with $1.94b bid for Sunday". The Standard. Hong Kong: Sing Tao News Corporation. Archived from the original on 24 August 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2018. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 9 March 2006 suggested (help)
  25. ^ "Results of spectrum auction for provision of CDMA2000 mobile services" (Press release). Hong Kong: Office of the Telecommunications Authority. 15 October 2007. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  26. ^ Hong Kong's CDMA2000 Mobile Network Finally Launched
  27. ^ "HKT - Milestones". HKT. Retrieved 2018-04-07.
  28. ^ "HKT Trust, HKT Limited and PCCW Limited Joint Announcement - Major Transaction In Relation To The Acquisition Of The Entire Issued Share Capital Of CSL New World Mobility Limited and Major Transaction For PCCW Limited" (PDF). HKEX. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  29. ^ "PCCW Limited - Annual Report 2010" (PDF). HKEX. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  30. ^ "Cascade Limited: About Us". Cascade. 2003. Archived from the original on 18 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-18. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ "Cascade Limited: Private Company Information - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-07.
  32. ^ "電盈重組網絡管理搶攻亞洲可能涉及裁員減薪" [Restructuring of PCCW leading to cutting down on staff number]. the-sun.on.cc. Retrieved 2018-04-07.
  33. ^ "More wireless hotspots open for Netvigator". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  34. ^ "HKT unleashes more ultra-fast broadband connections in Hong Kong". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  35. ^ "CSL Mobile Limited: Private Company Information - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  36. ^ DMCA PCCW Global
  37. ^ Ip, Janice. "PCCW Global to link Rodrigues with high speed undersea cable for Mauritius Telecom | PCCW Global". www.pccwglobal.com. Retrieved 2018-04-07.
  38. ^ McCullagh, Declan, "How Pakistan knocked YouTube offline (and how to make sure it never happens again) ", CNET News, 25 February 2008.
  39. ^ YouTube/Pakistan incident: Could something similar whack your site? Archived 24 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Networkworld.com (2008-03-10). Retrieved on 2013-12-23.
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