G4 EA H1N1

G4 EA H1N1 is an influenza virus discovered in China, with evidence of initial infection having been found in people who work in abattoirs and the swine industry. A reassortment of an avian virus and two strains of H1N1, it is related to A/H1N1pdm09, the virus responsible for the 2009 swine flu pandemic,^[1] and is also related to the strain that caused the 1918 flu pandemic as both are H1N1 flu strains. It mainly affects pigs, but two cases have been identified in humans. As of June 2020, it is not easily transmissible between humans, but has "pandemic potential".^[2] It is in the second phase of the "WHO Pandemic Phase Descriptions" as only Animal-to-Human Transmission has been confirmed.^[3]

A peer-reviewed paper from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) noted that "G4 EA H1N1 viruses possess all the essential hallmarks of being highly adapted to infect humans... Controlling the prevailing G4 EA H1N1 viruses in pigs and close monitoring of swine working populations should be promptly implemented."^[4] (The current monitoring program has taken nasal swaps of more than 30,000 swine over seven years.)^[2]

References

^ Sun, Honglei; Xiao, Yihong; Liu, Jiyu; Wang, Dayan; Li, Fangtao; Wang, Chenxi; Li, Chong; Zhu, Junda; Song, Jingwei; Sun, Haoran; Jiang, Zhimin (24 June 2020). "Prevalent Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus with 2009 pandemic viral genes facilitating human infection". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.1921186117. ISSN 0027-8424.
^ ^a ^b "Swine flu strain with human pandemic potential increasingly found in Chinese pigs". Science. AAAS. 29 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
^ Information, National Center for Biotechnology; Pike, U. S. National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville; MD, Bethesda; Usa, 20894 (2009). "TABLE 3, WHO PANDEMIC PHASE DESCRIPTIONS AND MAIN ACTIONS BY PHASE". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 30 June 2020. {{cite web}}: |first4= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Sun, Honglei; Xiao, Yihong; Liu, Jiyu; Wang, Dayan; Li, Fangtao; Wang, Chenxi; Li, Chong; Zhu, Junda; Song, Jingwei; Sun, Haoran; Jiang, Zhimin (24 June 2020). "Prevalent Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus with 2009 pandemic viral genes facilitating human infection". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.1921186117. ISSN 0027-8424.

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[1] Sun, Honglei; Xiao, Yihong; Liu, Jiyu; Wang, Dayan; Li, Fangtao; Wang, Chenxi; Li, Chong; Zhu, Junda; Song, Jingwei; Sun, Haoran; Jiang, Zhimin (24 June 2020). "Prevalent Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus with 2009 pandemic viral genes facilitating human infection". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.1921186117. ISSN 0027-8424.

[sciencemag20200629-2] "Swine flu strain with human pandemic potential increasingly found in Chinese pigs". Science. AAAS. 29 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.

[3] Information, National Center for Biotechnology; Pike, U. S. National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville; MD, Bethesda; Usa, 20894 (2009). "TABLE 3, WHO PANDEMIC PHASE DESCRIPTIONS AND MAIN ACTIONS BY PHASE". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 30 June 2020. {{cite web}}: |first4= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[4] Sun, Honglei; Xiao, Yihong; Liu, Jiyu; Wang, Dayan; Li, Fangtao; Wang, Chenxi; Li, Chong; Zhu, Junda; Song, Jingwei; Sun, Haoran; Jiang, Zhimin (24 June 2020). "Prevalent Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus with 2009 pandemic viral genes facilitating human infection". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.1921186117. ISSN 0027-8424.

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