gluten
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English
Etymology
From Middle French gluten, borrowed from Latin glūten (“glue”).
Pronunciation
Noun
gluten (countable and uncountable, plural glutens)
- (obsolete) Fibrin (formerly considered as one of the "animal humours"). [16th–19th c.]
- 1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Division of the Body. Humors, Spirits.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 1, member 2, subsection 2, page 20:
- The Radicall or innate, is dayly ſupplied by nouriſhment, which ſome call Cambium, and make thoſe ſecundary Humors of Ros and Gluten to maintaine it: […]
- (rare) Any gluey, sticky substance. [from 17th c.]
- 1665, Robert Hooke, Micrographia, XXXVII:
- [T]he Fly suspends it self very firmly and easily, without the access or need of any such Sponges fill'd with an imaginary gluten, as many have, for want of good Glasses, perhaps, or a troublesome and diligent examination, suppos'd.
- 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:
- The tyrant machine is the female body, grinding and milling the pulp of matter, the gluten of human flesh.
- (cooking, biochemistry) The major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread. [from 19th c.]
- 2004, Harold McGee, chapter 10, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:
- Chew on a small piece of dough, and it becomes more compact but persists as a gum-like, elastic mass, the residue that the Chinese named “the muscle of flour” and that we call gluten. It consists mainly of protein, and includes what may well be the largest protein molecules to be found in the natural world.
- 2010 June 10, Felicity Cloake, Word of Mouth Blog, The Guardian:
- Unfortunately, wholemeal bread is, according to many experts, a tricky thing to get right, as the lower gluten content of the flour makes for dense results […]
- (geology) A gluey, sticky mass of clay, bitumen etc. [from 19th c.]
- 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford, published 2004, page 669:
- Despite constant rain that turned roads to gluten, the Yankees kept moving.
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
cereal protein
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Further reading
Anagrams
Catalan
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin gluten (“glue”).
Noun
gluten m (plural glutens)
Further reading
- “gluten” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “gluten”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “gluten” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “gluten” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin gluten (“glue”).
Pronunciation
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: glu‧ten
Noun
gluten n (uncountable)
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin glūten (“glue”).
Pronunciation
Noun
gluten m (plural glutens)
Further reading
- “gluten”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *gloiten, from Proto-Indo-European *glóh₁ytn̥, from *gleh₁y- (“to stick; to spread, to smear”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈɡluː.ten/, [ˈɡɫ̪uːt̪ɛn]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈɡlu.ten/, [ˈɡluːt̪en]
Noun
glūten n (genitive glūtinis); third declension
Declension
Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | glūten | glūtina |
Genitive | glūtinis | glūtinum |
Dative | glūtinī | glūtinibus |
Accusative | glūten | glūtina |
Ablative | glūtine | glūtinibus |
Vocative | glūten | glūtina |
Derived terms
Descendants
Descendants
- → Catalan: gluten (learned)
- → Corsican: glutinu (learned)
- → Dutch: gluten (learned)
- → Esperanto: gluteno (learned)
- → Finnish: gluteeni (learned)
- → French: gluten (learned)
- → German: Gluten (learned)
- → Greek: γλουτένη (glouténi) (learned)
- → Ido: gluteno (learned)
- → Interlingua: glutine (learned)
- → Italian: glutine (learned)
- Old French: glu
- → Old Irish: gláed
- → Polish: gluten, glut (learned)
- → Persian: گلوتن (g(e)luten) (learned)
- Portuguese: grude; → glúten (learned)
- → Proto-Brythonic: *glʉd
- → Spanish: gluten (learned)
- → Swedish: gluten (learned)
References
- “gluten”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “gluten”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- gluten in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- gluten in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “glue”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin glūten.[1][2] Doublet of glut and glutyna.
Pronunciation
Noun
gluten m inan
- (cooking, biochemistry) gluten (the major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread)
- Synonym: (in chemistry) glutyna
Declension
Declension of gluten
Derived terms
adjective
References
- ^ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “gluten”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
- ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “gluten”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
Further reading
- gluten in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- gluten in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “gluten”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “gluten”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 837
- gluten in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Romanian
Etymology
Noun
gluten n (uncountable)
Declension
declension of gluten (singular only)
singular | ||
---|---|---|
n gender | indefinite articulation | definite articulation |
nominative/accusative | (un) gluten | glutenul |
genitive/dative | (unui) gluten | glutenului |
vocative | glutenule |
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin gluten (“glue”).
Pronunciation
Noun
gluten m (plural glútenes)
Further reading
- “gluten”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin gluten (“glue”).
Noun
gluten n
Anagrams
Categories:
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- Rhymes:Spanish/uten
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- Spanish lemmas
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- es:Proteins
- Swedish terms borrowed from Latin
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- Swedish lemmas
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