Skip to main content

Idiosyncratic Deals and Individualization of Human Resource Management Practices: The Growth of HR Differentiation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Idiosyncratic Deals at Work

Abstract

Individualized HR arrangements, one of the core examples being i-deals, have recently become increasingly employed in organizations. While the question of “what are the benefits to the recipients of i-deals” has received a degree of research interest to date, scant attention has been paid to the perspectives of co-workers who are excluded from i-deals. This chapter aims to question the extent to which i-deals generate benefits or harm relationships with co-workers based on the role of fairness and organizational culture. In specific terms, this chapter will investigate and develop a model which outlines how co-workers develop (un)fairness perceptions regarding a focal employee’s i-deals and, as a result, develop emotional reactions. In this regard, this chapter integrates and discusses the role of contextual conditions such as friendship and supportive organizational climate as potential moderators impacting on how co-workers react. The chapter closes with the critical evaluation and integration of theoretical perspectives that can inform future research on co-worker emotional reactions to i-deals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anand, S., Vidyarthi, P. R., Liden, R. C., & Rousseau, D. M. (2010). Good citizens in poor-quality relationships: Idiosyncratic deals as a substitute for relationship quality. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 970–988. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2010.54533176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bal, P. (2017). Dignity in the workplace: New theoretical perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bal, P. M., & Hornung, S. (2019). Individualization of work: From psychological contracts to idiosyncratic deals. In Y. Griep & C. Cooper (Eds.), Handbook of research on psychological contracts (pp. 143–163). Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788115681

  • Bal, M., & Rousseau, D. M. (2016). Idiosyncratic deals between employees and organizations: Conceptual issues. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, Z. (2006). Küreselleşme. Ayrıntı Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barclay, L. J., Skarlicki, D. P., & Pugh, S. D. (2005). Exploring the role of emotions in injustice perceptions and retaliation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 629–643.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barclay, L. J., & Kiefer, T. (2014). Approach or avoid? Exploring overall justice and the differential effects of positive and negative emotions. Journal of Management, 40(7), 1857–1898.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beersma, B., Hollenbeck, J. R., Humphrey, S. E., Moon, H., Conlon, D. E., & Ilgen, D. R. (2003). Cooperation, competition, and team performance: Toward a contingency approach. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 572–590.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berman, E. W. (2002). Workplace relations: Friendship patterns and consequences (according to managers). Public Administration Review, 62, 217–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blader, S. L. (2010). Social emotions and justice: How the emotional fabric of groups determines justice enactment and reactions. In M. A. A. Mannix (Ed.), Research on managing groups and teams: Fairness & groups (pp. 13:29–62). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1534-0856(2010)0000013005

  • Buunk, B., & Hoorens, V. (1992). Social support and stress—The role of social-comparison and social-exchange processes. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31, 445–457. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb01018.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coyle-Shapiro, J., & Kessler, I. (2000). Consequences of the psychological contract for the employment relationship: A large-scale survey. Journal of Management Studies, 37(7), 903–930.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dardot, P., & Laval, C. (2010). La nouvelle raison du monde: Essai sur la société néolibérale. La Decouverte Poche.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dijkstra, P. G. (2010). Social comparison theory. In J. E. Tangney (Eds.), Social psychological foundations of clinical psychology (pp. 195–211). The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doherty, R. W. (1997). The emotional contagion scale: A measure of individual differences. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 21(2), 131–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fridman, N., & Kaminka, G. A. (2007). Towards a cognitive model of crowd behavior based on social comparison theory (pp. 731–737). www.aaai.org/Papers/AAAI/2007/AAAI07-116.pdf

  • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202

  • Foucault, M. (2007). Security, territory, population. Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garg, S., & Fulmer, I. (2017). Ideal or ordeal organizations? The spectrum of co-worker reactions to idiosyncratic deals. Organizational Psychology Review, 7(4), 281–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giroux, H. A. (2014). Neoliberalism and the death of the social state: Remembering Walter Benjamin’s Angel of History. Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture, 17(4), 587–601. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2011.587310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, J., Roberge, M. É., Ho, V. T., & Rousseau, D. M. (2004). Fairness in idiosyncratic work arrangements: Justice as an i-deal. Research in personnel and human re-sources management (pp. 1–34). Emerald Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, T. W. (2008). Three ideologies of individualism: Toward assimilating a theory of individualisms and their consequences. Critical Sociology, 34, 117–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review General Psychology, 2, 271–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1992). Primitive emotional contagion. Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 14, 151–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houston, S. (2014). Beyond individualism: Social work and social identity. British Journal of Social Work, 46(2), 532–548. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcu097

  • Hughes, O. E. (2017). Public management and administration (5th ed.). Red Globe Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jehn, K., & Shah, P. (1997). Interpersonal relationships and task performance: An examination of mediating processes in friendship and acquaintance groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 775–790.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. D., Hollenbeck, J. R., Humphrey, S. E., Ilgen, D. R., Jundt, D., & Meyer, C. J. (2006). Cutthroat cooperation: Asymmetrical adaptation to changes in team reward structures. Academy of Management Journal, 49(1), 103–119. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.20785533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, M., Stromberger, M., Pape, E., Chapman, K., & Borremans, A. (2020, January 10). Workplace friendships: Examining friendships at work and their impact on job satisfaction and perceived productivity. https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/70485/JonesSpr14.pdf?sequence=1

  • Lai, L., Rousseau, D. M., & Chang, K. T. (2009). Idiosyncratic deals: Co-workers as Interested Third Parties. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 547–556. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013506

  • Las Heras, M. R., Rofcanin, Y., Bal, P., & Strollberg, J. (2017). How do flexibility i‐deals relate to work performance? Exploring the roles of family performance and organizational context. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(8), 1280–1294. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2203

  • Lawler, E. J. (2001). An affect theory of social exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 107(2), 321–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liao, C., Wayne, S. J., & Rousseau, D. M. (2016). Idiosyncratic deals in contemporary organizations: A qualitative and meta-analytical review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37, 9–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1959

  • Marescaux, E., Winne, S. D., & Sels, L. (2019). İdiosyncratic deals from a distributive justice perspective examining co-workers’ voice behaviour. Journal of Business Ethics, 154(1), 263–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muchinsky, M. (2000). Emotions in the workplace: The neglect of organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(7), 801–805.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nerstad, C. G. L., Roberts, G. C., & Richardsen, A. M. (2013). Achieving success at work: The development and validation of the motivational climate at work questionnaire (MCWQ). Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(11), 2231–2250. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ng, T. W. (2017). Can idiosyncratic deals promote perceptions of competitive climate, felt ostracism, and turnover? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 99, 118–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peck, S. R. (1994). Exploring the link between organizational strategy and the employment relationship the role of human resources policies. Journal of Management Studies, 31(5), 716–736.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillemer, J., & Rorthbard, N. (2018). Friends without benefits: Understanding the dark sides of workplace friendship. Academy of Management Review, 43(4), 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Realo, A., Koid, K., Cuelemans, E., & Allık, J. (2002). Three components of individualism. European Journal of Personality, 16, 163–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, S. L., & Rousseau, D. M. (1994). Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 245–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, S. L., & Morrison, E. W. (1995). Psychological contracts and OCB: The effect of unfulfilled obligations on civic virtue behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(3), 289–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roehling, M., Cavanaugh, M., Moynihan, L., & Boswell, W. (2000). The nature of the new employment relationship: A content analysis of the practitioner and academic literatures. Human Resource Management, 39(4), 305–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rofcanin, Y., Kiefer, T., & Strauss, K. (2017). What seals the i-deal? Exploring the role of employees’ behaviours and managers’ emotions. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 90(2), 203–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rofcanin, Y., Berber, A., Marescaux, E., Bal, P., Mughal, F., & Afacan Findikli, M. (2019). Human resource differentiation: A theoretical paper integrating co-workers’ perspective and context. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(2), 270–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, C. C., Slater, D.J., Chang, C.-H., & Johnson, R.E. (2013). Let’s make a deal: Development and validation of the ex-post i-deals scale. Journal of Management, 39(3), 709–742. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310394865

  • Rousseau, D. M. (2005). I-deals: Idiosyncratic deals employees bargain for themselves. M.E. Sharpe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rousseau, D. M., Ho, V., & Greenberg, J. (2006). I-deals: Idiosyncratic terms in employment relationship. Academy of Management Review, 31(4), 977–994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rousseau, D., Tomprou, M., & Simosi, M. (2016). Negotiating flexible and fair idiosyncratic deals (i-deals). Organizational Dynamics, 45, 185–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K. R., Schorr, A., & Johnstone, T. (Eds.). (2001). Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sias, P. M., Gallagher, E. B., Kopaneva, I., & Pedersen, H. (2012). Attaining workplace friendships: Perceived politeness and predictors of maintenance tactic choice. Communication Research, 39(2), 239–268. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650210396869

  • Shore, L. M., & Tetrick, L. E. (1994). The psychological contract as an explanatory framework in the employment relationship. In C. L. Cooper & D. M. Rousseau (Eds.), Trends in organizational behavior (pp. 91–109). Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. A., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1985). Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 813–838.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tse, H. H., Lam, C. K., Gu, J., & Lin, X. S. (2018). Examining the interpersonal process and consequence of leader–member exchange comparison: The role of procedural justice climate. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(8), 922–940.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Kleef, G. A. (2009). How emotions regulate social life: The emotions as social information (EASI) model. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(3), 184–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vidyarthi, P. R., Chaudhry, A., Anand, S., & Liden, R. C. (2014). Flexibility i-deals: How much is ideal? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(3), 246–265. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-07-2012-0225

  • Vidyarthi, P. R., Singh, S., Erdogan, B., Chaudhry, A., Posthuma, R., & Anand, S. (2016). Individual deals within workgroups: Investigating the role of relative i-deals for employee performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101, 1536–1552.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watt, J. (1989). Individualism and educational theory. Kluwer Academic.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, H., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of affective experiences at work. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (pp. 1–74). Greenwich CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westen, D. (1994). Toward an integrative model of affect regulation: Applications to social-psychological research. Journal of Personality, 62(4), 641–667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Mine Afacan Findikli is funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey under the scheme “2219”.

Mirea Las Heras is funded by Universidad de Navarra, PIUNA. This chapter is part of the project “Project Spousal positive crossover and spillover of emotions, experiences and cognitions” (POS-SPOUSE).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yasin Rofcanin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Rofcanin, Y., Afacan Findikli, M., Heras, M.L., Ererdi, C. (2022). Idiosyncratic Deals and Individualization of Human Resource Management Practices: The Growth of HR Differentiation. In: Anand, S., Rofcanin, Y. (eds) Idiosyncratic Deals at Work. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88516-8_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics