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Review
. 2018 Jan 2;9(9):8785-8800.
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.23835. eCollection 2018 Feb 2.

Anorectal mucosal melanoma

Giulia Malaguarnera  1   2 , Roberto Madeddu  3 , Vito Emanuele Catania  4 , Gaetano Bertino  5 , Luca Morelli  6 , Rosario Emanuele Perrotta  7 , Filippo Drago  2 , Michele Malaguarnera  1   2 , Saverio Latteri  4
Affiliations
Review

Anorectal mucosal melanoma

Giulia Malaguarnera et al. Oncotarget. .

Abstract

Anorectal melanoma is an uncommon and aggressive mucosal melanocytic malignancy. Due to its rarity, the pre-operative diagnosis remains difficult. The first symptoms are non-specific such as anal bleeding, anal mass or pain. Although anorectal melanoma carries a poor prognosis; optimal therapeutics strategies are unclear. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment. The optimal surgical procedure for primary tumours is controversial and can vary from wide local excision or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) to an abdomino-perineal resection. A high degree of uncertainly exists regarding the benefit of radiation therapy or chemotherapy. The treatment of advanced melanoma is evolving rapidly with better understanding of the disease biology and immunology. Considerable effort has been devoted to the identification of molecular determinants of response to target therapies and immunotherapy.

Keywords: anorectal melanoma; anorectal tumours; malignant melanoma; mucosal melanoma; treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Terapeutic management of anorectal melanoma
Figure 2
Figure 2. Treatment strategy of anorectal melanoma
Figure 3
Figure 3. Genomic analyses based treatments
Figure 4
Figure 4. Promising immunotherapy treatment
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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