Spontaneous fission (SF) is a form of radioactive decay where an atom's nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei and generally one or more neutrons.
Spontaneous fission generally occurs in atoms with atomic numbers above 90.
Spontaneous fission is a relatively slow process except for the heaviest isotopes. For example, uranium-238 decays by alpha decay with a half-life on the order of 109 years, but also decays by spontaneous fission on the order of 1016 years.
Examples
Cf-252 undergoes spontaneous fission to produce Xe-140, Ru-108 and 4 neutrons.
Sources
- Krane, Kenneth S. (1988). Introductory Nuclear Physics. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-80553-3.
- Scharff-Goldhaber, G.; Klaiber, G. S. (1946). "Spontaneous Emission of Neutrons from Uranium." Phys. Rev. 70 (3–4): 229. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.70.229.2
- Shultis, J. Kenneth; Faw, Richard E. (2008). Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineering. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-5135-3.