Buka umthombo wala Istanbul

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Ungabuka futhi ukopishe umthombo walekhasi
{{Incazelo emfushane|Idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eTurkey}} {{okunye ukusetshenziswa}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{pp-sock|small=yebo}} {{Sebenzisa ama-dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<nowiki> {{Ukukhokha kwe-Infobox | official_name = Istanbul | native_name = </nowiki>''Istanbul'' | native_name_lang = tr | settlement_type = [[Megacity]] 

[[Omasipala abakhulu eTurkey|umasipala we-Metropolitan]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image|total_width=300px|image4=Istanbul asv2020-02 img61 Ortaköy Mosque.jpg|image7=Buka isifunda sezimali saseLevent esivela e-Istanbul Sapphire.jpg|alt6=Galata Tower|image6=Istanbul asv2020-02 img47 Galata Tower.jpg|alt5=Isigodlo saseDolmabahçe|isithombe5=I-Dolmabahçe Palace.JPG|alt4=Ortaköy Mosque|alt3=Umbhoshongo Wezintombi|perrow=1/2/2/2|image3=Istanbul_asv2020-02_img53_Maiden's_Tower.jpg|alt2=Hagia Sophia|isithombe2=Hagia Sophia (228968325).jpeg|alt1=Uhlolojikelele lwasemoyeni|isithombe1=Ibhuloho laseBosphorus (235499411).jpeg|border=infobox|alt7=Levent ebusuku}} | Usayizi wesithombe = 270 | image_alt = Bona amagama-ncazo | image_caption = Ngokuhamba kwewashi ukusuka phezulu: [[Ibhuloho laseBosphorus]] elixhuma i-Europe ne-Asia, [[I-Maiden's Tower]], [[Isigodlo saseDolmabahçe]], [[Levent]] isifunda samabhizinisi, [[Galata Tower]], [[Ortaköy Mosque]], [[Hagia Sophia]] | image_blank_emblem = Istanbul city emblem.png | blank_emblem_type = Uphawu lukaMasipala wase-Istanbul Metropolitan | blank_emblem_size = 110px | usayizi wemephu = 230px | pushpin_map = Turkey#Europe#Asia#World | pushpin_map_alt = Turkey, ne-Istanbul ekhonjwe enyakatho-ntshonalanga eduze komugqa omncane wezwe oboshwe amanzi | pushpin_map_caption = Indawo phakathi kweTurkey##Indawo phakathi kwe-Europe##Indawo phakathi kwe-Asia | pushpin_relief = 1 | izixhumanisi = {{coord|41|00|49|N|28|57|18|E|region:TR|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Izwe | subdivision_name = [[Turkey]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Izifunda zezwe zaseTurkey|Region]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Izifundazwe zaseTurkey|Isifunda]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Isifunda saseMarmara|Marmara]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Isifundazwe sase-Istanbul|Istanbul]] | seat_type = Isihlalo Sesifundazwe{{efn|Lapho ihhovisi likhona.}} | isihlalo = Cağaloğlu, Fatih | parts_type = Izigodi | izingxenye = [[Uhlu lwezifunda zase-Istanbul|39]] | leader_party = [[I-Republican People's Party (Turkey)|CHP]] | leader_title = [[IMeya#Turkey|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Ekrem İmamoğlu]] | leader_title1 = [[Vali (umbusi)#Turkish term|Governor]] | leader_name1 = [[Ali Yerlikaya]] | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibb.istanbul/SitePage/Index/82|publisher=Istanbul Buyuksehir Belediyesi|title=YETKİ ALANI|access-date=4 February 2020|archive-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406112545/https://www.ibb.istanbul/SitePage/Index/82|dead-url=yes}} ref><nowiki><ref>IsiFundazwe sase-İstanbul = 5,460.85</nowiki>&nbsp;km²

Indawo ewumhlaba = 5,343.22&nbsp;km²

Lake/Dam = 117.63&nbsp;km²

Europe (izifunda ezingu-25) = 3,5m²n²p. br/>Asia (izifunda ezingu-14) = 1,868.87&nbsp;km²

I-Urban (izifunda ezingu-36) = 2,576.85&nbsp;km² [I-Metro (izifunda ezingu-39) – (Çatalca+Silivri+Şile)]</ref> | indawo_amanzi_km2 = | indawo_yedolobha_km2 = 2,576.85 | area_metro_km2 = 5,343.22 | elevation_max_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=İstanbul'un En Yüksek Tepeleri|url=https://www.kartal24.com/104583-istanbulun-en-yuksek-tepesi-neresidir|website=Hava Forumu|date=15 Ephreli 2020|publisher=Hava Durumu Forumu}}</ref> | elevation_max_m = 537 | inani_labantu = 15,462,452 | inani labantu basedolobheni = 15,149,358 | inani_labantu = 31 December 2020 | population_footnotes = <ref name="Population of Turkey">{{cite web|url=https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayal%C4%B1-N%C3%BCfus -Kay%C4%B1t-Sistemi-Sonu%C3%A7lar%C4%B1-2020-37210&dil=1|publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]]|title=Imiphumela Yesistimu Yokubhaliswa Kwabantu Ngekheli, 2020|date=31 December 2020|access-date=5 February 2021}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <!-- ungangezi isibalo sokubuyekeza njengoba leso sibalo sishicilelwa kanye kuphela ngonyaka ngenxa yezizathu zomthetho --> | population_density_urban_km2 = 5,879 | population_density_metro_km2 = 2,894 | labantu_izinga = [[Uhlu lwamadolobha aseTurkey|owoku-1 eTurkey]] | population_demonym = Istanbulite

({{lang-tr|İstanbullu|italic=no}}) | postal_code_type = [[Ikhodi yeposi]] | postal_code = 34000 kuya ku-34990 | area_code = +90 212 <small>(European side)</small> 

+90 216 <small 

>(Uhlangothi lwase-Asia) | registration_plate = 34 | blank_name_sec2 = [[GeoTLD]] | blank_info_sec2 = [[.ist]], [[.istanbul]] | iwebhusayithi = {{URL|http://ibb.istanbul/}} 

{{URL|www.istanbul.gov.tr/}} | blank_name = GDP (Nominal) | blank_info = 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cip.tuik.gov.tr/?il=34#|publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]]|title=Kişi başına GSYH ($) ( 2019)|access-date=30 January 2021}}</ref> | blank1_name = &nbsp;- Isamba | blank1_info = [[US$]] 237&nbsp;ibhiliyoni | blank2_name = &nbsp;- Umuntu ngamunye | blank2_info = [[US$]] 15,285 | blank3_name = [[Inkomba Yokuthuthukiswa Kwabantu|HDI]] (2019) | blank3_info = 0.846<ref><nowiki>{{cite web|url=</nowiki>https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/%7Ctitle=Sub-national{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org} }</ref> (<span style="color:#090;">phezulu kakhulu</span>) · [[Uhlu lwezifunda zaseTurkey nge-Human Development Index|1st]] | indawo yesikhathi = [[Isikhathi eTurkey|TRT]] | utc_offset = +3 | module = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site|ingane=yebo|official_name=[[Izindawo Zomlando zase-Istanbul]]|imibandela={{uhlobo lwe-UNESCO WHS|(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)}}(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)|I-ID=356bis|unyaka=1985|isandiso=2017|indawo={{guqula|765.5|ha|acre|abbr=on}}}} | igama = | government_type = [[Mayor-council government]] | governing_body = [[UMkhandlu Kamasipala wase-Istanbul]]<nowiki> | image_shield = CoA Istanbul.svg }}</nowiki>

'''Istanbul'''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɪ|s|t|æ|n|ˈ|b|ʊ|l}} {{respell|IST|an|BUUL}}, <ref>{{caphuna incwadi|last=Wells|first=John C.|year=2008|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|edition=3rd|publisher=Longman|isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}</ref> <ref>{{cite book|last1=Upton|first1=Clive|last2=Kretzschmar, Jr.|first2=William A.|year=2017|title=The Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English|edition=2nd|publisher=Routledge|page=704|isbn=978-1-138-12566-7}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|USalso|ˈ|ɪ|s|t|æ|n|b|ʊ|l}} {{repell|IST|an|buul}}; I-{{lang-tr|İstanbul}} {{IPA-tr|isˈtanbuɫ||Istanbul pronunciation.ogg}}), eyayaziwa ngokuthi '''[[[Constantinople]]''', ingu-[[Uhlu lwamadolobha amakhulu futhi amadolobhana aseTurkey|idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke]] [[Turkey]] kanye nesikhungo sezwe sezomnotho, amasiko kanye nomlando. Leli dolobha linqamula i-[[Bosporus]] [[istrait]], futhi likhona kokubili [[[Europe]]] kanye [[[E-Asia]], nezakhamuzi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-15, ezihlanganisa u-19% wabantu baseTurkey.< ref name="Population of Turkey"/> I-Istanbul [[Uhlu lwamadolobha ase-Europe ngenani labantu ngaphakathi kwemingcele yedolobha|idolobha elinabantu abaningi]] eYurophu,{{efn|I-Istanbul inqamula iYurophu ne-Asia, nesikhungo sayo sokuhweba nomlando futhi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu baseYurophu, bonke abanye e-Asia. Njengoba i-Istanbul iyidolobha elinqamula amazwekazi, [[Moscow]] iyidolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke phakathi kwe-Europe.|group=lower-alpha}} kanye nezwe [[Uhlu lwamadolobha amakhulu|idolobha leshumi nanhlanu ngobukhulu]].

Yasungulwa njenge-[[Byzantium|Byzantion]] ngamakoloni [[Megara|Megarian]] ngekhulu lesi-7 BCE,<ref name="Britannica-Istanbul">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com /place/Istanbul|title=Istanbul|website=britannica.com|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> futhi yaqanjwa kabusha ngu-[[Constantine Omkhulu]] kuqala ngokuthi [[IRoma Entsha]] ( ''I-Nova Roma'') phakathi nokunikezelwa ngokusemthethweni kwedolobha njengenhloko-dolobha entsha [[UMbuso WaseRoma|WamaRoma]] ngo-330 CE, i<ref name="Britannica-Istanbul" /> asheshe wayishintsha yaba iConstantinople (''Constantinopolis'' ),<ref name="Britannica-Istanbul" /><ref name="ODB"><nowiki>{{ODB|title=Constantinople|last=Mango|first=Cyril|authorlink=Cyril Mango|pages=508–512} }</nowiki></ref> idolobha lakhula ngobukhulu nomthelela, laba isibani se-[[Silk Road]] kanye nelinye lamadolobha abaluleke kakhulu emlandweni. Yasebenza njengenhloko-dolobha yombuso cishe amakhulu eminyaka ayishumi nesithupha, phakathi [[UMbuso WaseRoma|Roman]]/[[Byzantine]] (330-1204), [[Latin Empire|Latin]] (1204-1261), [[Byzantine]. Umbuso ongaphansi kobukhosi be-Palaiologos|Byzantine]] (1261–1453), kanye [[NoMbuso Wase-Ottoman|Ottoman]] (1453–1922) imibuso.<ref>{{harvnb|Çelik|1993|p=xv}}</ref> Idolobha laba neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni [[kobuKristu]] ngezikhathi zamaRoma nezaseByzantium, lasingatha ezine (kuhlanganise ne-[[Council of Chalcedon|Chalcedon]] ([[Kadıköy]]) ohlangothini lwase-Asia) [[kuqala] imikhandlu yenkolo eyisikhombisa]] (yonke eyayiseTurkey yanamuhla), ngaphambi kokuguqulelwa kwayo ekubeni inqaba [[yamaSulumane]] elandela [[Ukuwa kweConstantinople]] ngo-1453 CE, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba ikomkhulu [I-Ottoman Caliphate]] ngo-1517.<ref name="maag1145">{{harvnb|Masters|Ágoston|2009|pp=114–15}}</ref> Ngo-1923, ngemva [[Impi Yokuzimela YaseTurkey]] , [[I-Ankara]] yathatha indawo yedolobha njengenhloko-dolobha yezwe elalisanda kwakhiwa [[Turkey|Republic of Turkey]]. Ngo-1930, igama laleli dolobha lashintshwa ngokusemthethweni laba yi-Istanbul, igama elithi [[Ulimi lwesiGreki|Greek]] elalisetshenziswa kusukela ngekhulunyaka leshumi nanye.

bheka idolobha ngokuhlanganyela.<ref name="enbrit">{{cite web|title=Istanbul|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Istanbul|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=4 December 2020|language=zu}}</ref>

Ngaphezulu kwe-{{nowrap|13.4 million}} izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe zeza e-Istanbul ngo-2018, eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokuthi ibizwe ngokuthi [[Inhloko-dolobha Yase-Europe Yamasiko]], okuyenza ibe idolobha lesishiyagalombili elivakashelwa kakhulu emhlabeni.<ref name="statista.com">{{caphuna iwebhu|title=Izindawo ezihamba phambili zamadolobha ngezivakashi ezilala ebusuku|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/310355/overnight-visitors-to-top-city-destinations-worldwide/|website=Statista|access-date=1 Disemba 2020|language=zu}}</ref> I-Istanbul iyikhaya [[UNESCO]]] [[INdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba]]], futhi isingatha ikomkhulu lezinkampani eziningi zaseTurkey, ezibalwa ngaphezu kwalokho. amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu [[Umnotho waseTurkey|umnotho]] wezwe.<ref name="hisdic" /><ref name="oecd">{{cite book|url=http://www.oecdbookshop.org/get -it.php?REF=5KZSL2MLL49Q&TYPE=browse|title=OECD Territorial Reviews: Istanbul, Turkey|publisher=Inhlangano Yekusebenzisana Kwezomnotho Nentuthuko|date=March 2008|work=Policy Briefs|isbn=978-92-64 -04383-1}}</ref>

== I-Toponymy ==
{{Okuyinhloko|Amagama e-Istanbul}}

[[Ifayela:Ikholomu KaConstantine 2.JPG|isithupha|kwesokunxele|kwesokudla|[[Ikholomu LikaConstantine]]<ref name="Forum of Constantine">{{cite web|url=http://www.byzantium1200.com /forum-c.html|title=Forum of Constantine|website=www.byzantium1200.com|accessdate=31 January 2021}}</ref>]]

Igama lokuqala elaziwayo ledolobha lithi ''[[Byzantium]]'' ({{lang-el|Βυζάντιον}}}, ''Byzántion''), igama elanikezwa kulo ekusekelweni kwalo ngu-[[Megara|Megarian] ] amakoloni cishe ngo-657 BCE.<ref name="Britannica-Istanbul2" /><ref name="roo177">{{harvnb|Room|2006|p=177}}</ref> Amakholoni aseMegaran athi umugqa oqondile obuyela emuva abasunguli bedolobha, i-Byzas, indodana kankulunkulu u-Poseidon kanye ne-nymph Ceroëssa. idolobha elibalekayo.<ref>{{harvnb|Georgacas|1947|p=352ff.}}</ref> IConstantinople isuka egameni lesiLatini elithi Constantinus, elisuselwa egameni [[uConstantine Omkhulu]], umbusi waseRoma owasungula kabusha leli dolobha ngo-324. CE.<ref name="roo177" /> I-Constantinople yahlala iyigama elivame kakhulu ledolobha eliseNtshonalanga kwaze kwaba ngawo-1930, lapho iziphathimandla zaseTurkey ziqala ukucindezela ukusetshenziswa kwe-"Istanbul" ezilimini zakwamanye amazwe. ''Kostantiniyye'' ({{lang-ota|قسطنطينيه}}), ''Be Makam-e Qonstantiniyyah al-Mahmiyyah'' (okusho "Indawo Evikelwe yaseConstantinople") kanye nethi ''İstanbul'' kwakungamagama asetshenziswa ngenye indlela. ngama-Ottoman ngesikhathi sokubusa kwawo.<ref>{{harvnb|Necipoğlu|2010|p=262}}</ref>

Igama elithi ''İstanbul'' ({{IPA-tr|isˈtanbuɫ|3=Istanbul pronunciation.ogg}}, <small>colloquially</small> {{IPA-tr|ɯsˈtambuɫ}}) livamise ukubanjwa ngokuthi lisuselwa ku [[IsiGreece SaseNkathi Ephakathi]] ibinzana {{lang|grc|"εἰς τὴν [[Polis|Πόλιν]]"}} (liphinyiselwa {{IPA-el|is tim ˈbolin}}}), okusho ukuthi "edolobheni"<ref>Necdet Sakaoğlu (1993/94a): "İstanbul'un adları" ["Amagama e-Istanbul"]. Ku: ''Dünden bugüne İstanbul ansiklopedisi'', ed. Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı, Istanbul.</ref> futhi yindlela iConstantinople eyayibhekiselwa kuyo amaGreki endawo. Lokhu kubonise isimo salo njengedolobha elikhulu kuphela endaweni. Ukubaluleka kweConstantinople emhlabeni wase-Ottoman kuphinde kwaboniswa isiteketiso sayo sase-Ottoman esithi ''Der Saadet'' okusho "Isango Eliya Empumelelweni" ngesi-Ottoman Turkish.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Grosvenor|first1=Edwin Augustus|title=Constantinople|idethi=1895|publisher=Roberts Brothers|location=Vol. 1|page=69|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IGoLAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69|access-date=15 March 2021}}</ref> Okunye ukubuka ukuthi igama livele ngqo lisuka ku- igama elithi ''Constantinople'', elinohlamvu lokuqala nelesithathu liyehliswa.<ref name="roo177" /> Eminye imithombo ye-Ottoman yekhulu le-17, njengokuthi [[Evliya Çelebi]], ilichaza njengegama elivamile lesiTurkey isikhathi; phakathi kwekhulu le-17 nasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, yayisetshenziswa futhi ngokusemthethweni. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwegama elithi ''Islambol'' emalini kwenzeka ngo-1730 phakathi nokubusa kukaSultan [[Mahmud I]].<ref>{{harvnb|Finkel|2005|pp=57, 383}}</ref> Ngesimanje [[Ulimi lwesi-Turkish|Turkish]], igama libhalwe ngokuthi ''İstanbul'', elinechashazi elithi İ, njengoba [[izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu zesi-Turkish]] ihlukanisa phakathi kwe-[[İ|dotted]] kanye ne-[[dotless I.]] . NgesiNgisi ukucindezeleka kuselungeni lokuqala noma lokugcina, kodwa ngesi-Turkish kuselungwini lwesibili (''tan'').<ref>{{harvnb|Göksel|Kerslake|2005|p=27}}</ref> Umuntu ovela edolobheni uyi-'''İstanbullu'' (ubuningi: ''İstanbullular''); I-''Istanbulite'' isetshenziswa ngesiNgisi.<ref>{{harvnb|Keyder|1999|p=95}}</ref>

== Umlando ==
{{Okukhulu|Umlando we-Istanbul}} {{bona futhi|Umugqa wesikhathi womlando wase-Istanbul}} [[Ifayela:Keystone_Constantine_Forum_Istanbul.JPG|isithupha|qondile|Leli tshe elingukhiye elikhulu kungenzeka ukuthi bekungele-[[ikhothamo lokunqoba]] [[Iforamu ka-Constantine]] (yanamuhla [[Çemberlitaş, Fatih|Çemberlitaş]]). <ref name="Inkundla kaConstantine" />
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