Phylogeny and Biogeography of Isophyllous Species of Campanula (Campanulaceae) in the Mediterranean Area
Sequence data from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were used to infer phylogenetic relationships within a morphologically, karyologically, and geographically well-defined group of species of Campanula (Campanulaceae), the Isophylla group. Although belonging
to the same clade within the highly paraphyletic Campanula, the Rapunculus clade, members of the Isophylla group do not form a monophyletic group but fall into three separate clades: (i) C. elatines and C. elatinoides in the Alps; (ii) C. fragilis
s.l. and C. isophylla with an amphi-Tyrrhenian distribution; and (iii) the garganica clade with an amphi-Adriatic distribution, comprised of C. fenestrellata s.l., C. garganica s.l., C. portenschlagiana, C. poscharskyana, and C. reatina. Taxa
currently classified as subspecies of C. garganica (garganica, cephallenica, acarnanica) and C. fenestrellata subsp. debarensis are suggested to be best considered separate species. The molecular dating analysis, although hampered by the lack of fossil
evidence, provides age estimates that are consistent with the hypothesis that the diversification within the garganica clade was contemporaneous with the climatic oscillations and corresponding sea-level changes during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene. Dispersal-vicariance analysis
suggests that the garganica clade originated east of the Adriatic Sea, from where it reached the Apennine Peninsula.
Keywords: AMPHI-ADRIATIC DISTRIBUTION; DISPERSAL-VICARIANCE ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR DATING; TAXONOMY
Document Type: Regular Paper
Publication date: 01 October 2006
- Systematic Botany is the scientific journal of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists and publishes four issues per year.
2011 Impact Factor: 1.517
2011 ISI Journal Citation Reports® Rankings: 87/190 - Plant Sciences
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