Adolph I, Duke of Cleves

Adolph I of Cleves (German: Adolf I) (2 August 1373 – 23 September 1448) was the second Count of Cleves and the fourth Count of Mark.

Adolph I, Duke of Cleves
Adolph I, Duke of Cleves
Born(1373-08-02)2 August 1373
Died23 September 1448(1448-09-23) (aged 75)
Carthusian monastery at Wesel
Noble familyLa Marck
Spouse(s)Agnes of the Palatinate
Marie of Burgundy
IssueMargaret, Duchess of Bavaria
Catherine, Duchess of Guelders
John I, Duke of Cleves
Elisabeth, Countess of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg
Agnes, Queen of Navarre
Helen, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Adolph, Lord of Ravenstein
Marie, Duchess of Orléans
FatherAdolph III, Count of Mark
MotherMargaret of Jülich

Life

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He was the son of Adolph III, Count of Mark, and Margaret of Jülich (and thus the brother of Margaret of Cleves).

After his father's death in 1394, he became Count of Cleves. In 1397 he defeated his uncle William VII of Jülich, 1st Duke of Berg in the battle of Kleverhamm and became Lord of Ravenstein.

When his brother Dietrich IX, Count of Mark died in battle in 1398, he also became Count of Mark. Adolph further expanded his influence by marrying a daughter of the Duke of Burgundy. As a result, Cleves was raised to a Duchy by the Holy Roman Emperor, Sigismund, in 1417.

From 1409 onwards he faced opposition from his younger brother Gerhard, who claimed the County of Mark. By 1423, their dispute resulted in an armed conflict, with Gerhard allying himself with the Archbishop of Cologne.

A peace was signed between the two brothers in 1430 and confirmed in 1437. As a result, Gerhard ruled the largest part of Mark, but was to be succeeded by his nephew John. He was not allowed to call himself Count of Mark, but has to use the title Count zur Mark. After Gerhard's death in 1461, the County of Mark and the Duchy of Cleves were reunited again.

 
coat-of-arms of La Mark
 
coat-of-arms of Cleves

Marriage and children

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Shortly before the year 1400 he married Agnes, daughter of Rupert of Germany and Elisabeth of Nuremberg. Agnes died a year later with no issue.
In 1406 Adolf married Marie of Burgundy, daughter of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria.[1] They had the following issue:

Ancestry

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Boulton 2000, p. 577.

Sources

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  • Boulton, D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre (2000). The Knights of the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later. The Boyell Press.
Adolph I, Duke of Cleves
Born: 2 August 1373 Died: 23 September 1448
Preceded by Count of Mark
1398–1448/ de facto 1430
Succeeded by
Preceded by Count of Cleves
1394–1417
Raised to Duchy
New creation Duke of Cleves
1417–1448
Succeeded by