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The following events occurred in August 1938:

August 1, 1938 (Monday)

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  • A new marriage and divorce law went into effect in Nazi Germany and Austria, depriving the church of all legal authority in marital affairs and entitling the state to prevent certain marriages.[1]
  • Born: Jacques Diouf, diplomat, in Senegal (d. 2019)
  • Died: Edmund C. Tarbell, 76, American Impressionist painter; Konstantin Yurenev, 49 or 50, Soviet politician and diplomat (executed in the Great Purge)

August 2, 1938 (Tuesday)

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  • The Brooklyn Dodgers and St. Louis Cardinals played with yellow baseballs in the first game of a doubleheader at Ebbets Field. The yellow dye was an experiment to see if players would see the ball better and reduce their chances of being hit by pitches. Most players agreed the yellow balls were easier to follow, but the dye tended to come off on the hands of the pitchers.[2]

August 3, 1938 (Wednesday)

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August 4, 1938 (Thursday)

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  • The Romanian government gave minorities equal rights with Romanians in language, religion and race.[3]
  • Footballer Bryn Jones transferred from Wolves to Arsenal for a record £14,500 fee.[5][6]
  • Sherb Noble introduced Soft-Serve Ice Cream in his Kankakee, IL Ice Cream Parlor leading to the introduction of Dairy Queen two years later.[7]
  • Died: Pearl White, 49, American actress (liver failure)

August 5, 1938 (Friday)

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August 6, 1938 (Saturday)

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August 7, 1938 (Sunday)

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August 8, 1938 (Monday)

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August 9, 1938 (Tuesday)

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August 10, 1938 (Wednesday)

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August 11, 1938 (Thursday)

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August 12, 1938 (Friday)

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  • Hitler called up 750,000 German troops for an unprecedented series of military exercises.[3]
  • A head-to-head horse race for a $25,000 prize, hyped in advance as "one of the greatest match races of all time", was held between Seabiscuit and Ligaroti at Del Mar racetrack in California, broadcast nationwide over the radio. Seabiscuit narrowly won.[15]
  • Died: Sergey Pavlovich Kravkov, 65, Russian soil scientist and agricultural chemist

August 13, 1938 (Saturday)

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August 14, 1938 (Sunday)

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August 15, 1938 (Monday)

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August 16, 1938 (Tuesday)

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August 17, 1938 (Wednesday)

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August 18, 1938 (Thursday)

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August 19, 1938 (Friday)

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August 20, 1938 (Saturday)

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August 21, 1938 (Sunday)

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August 22, 1938 (Monday)

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  • Hitler staged a review of the Kriegsmarine in the Bay of Kiel, accompanied by Hungarian admiral Miklós Horthy. It was the grandest display of the German Navy since the end of the World War. Before the review, the new cruiser Prinz Eugen was launched.[25]
  • The Soviet Union warned the German Ambassador in Moscow that if Czechoslovakia were to be attacked, the Soviets would honour their 1935 treaty obligation to support that country.[26]
  • Born: Paul Maguire, American football player and sportscaster, in Youngstown, Ohio

August 23, 1938 (Tuesday)

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  • Italy began a special census of all Jews in the country, sending lengthy questionnaires to all Jews and "suspected Jews". Even foreign tourists were required to participate.[27]
  • Died: Frank Hawks, 41, American aviator (plane crash)

August 24, 1938 (Wednesday)

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August 25, 1938 (Thursday)

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  • Hitler and Horthy watched a massive military parade in Berlin. The attention of foreign military experts was drawn by the inclusion of an enormous new howitzer that they had never seen before.[29]
  • Died: Aleksandr I. Kuprin, 68, Russian writer and explorer

August 26, 1938 (Friday)

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  • Germany sent notes to Britain and France asking them to compel Czechoslovakia to accept the demands of the Sudeten Germans, including giving them the right to autonomy.[30]
  • The British government announced the mobilization of the Royal Navy in response to German military exercises.[3]
  • A bomb explosion at a market in Jaffa killed at least 20 Arabs.[31]
  • Born: Susan Harrison, actress, in Leesburg, Florida (d. 2019)
  • Died: Jamshid Nakhchivanski, 43, Russian military commander (executed)

August 27, 1938 (Saturday)

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  • Winston Churchill made a speech in Theydon Bois saying that war was not inevitable, "But the danger to peace will not be removed until the vast German armies which have been called from their homes into the ranks have been dispersed. For a country which is itself not menaced by anyone, in no fear of anyone, to place over 150,000 soldiers upon a war footing is a very grave step." Churchill said that Europe's fate lay in the hands of "the extraordinary man at the summit of Germany. He has raised the country from defeat; he has brought it back again to the foremost ranks of power. It would indeed be a fatal act if he were to cast away all he has done for the German people by leading them into what would almost certainly become a world war."[26]
  • Monte Pearson of the New York Yankees pitched a 13-0 no-hitter against the Cleveland Indians.[32]

August 28, 1938 (Sunday)

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August 29, 1938 (Monday)

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August 30, 1938 (Tuesday)

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  • The British cabinet held a meeting on the Sudeten crisis and then issued a vague statement to the public: "At the conclusion of the meeting the ministers expressed their entire agreement with the action already taken and the policy to be pursued in the future."[35] In private they agreed that Britain would not threaten war if Hitler went into Czechoslovakia.[36]
  • Died: Max Factor Sr., 65, Polish businessman; James Scott, 53, American ragtime composer

August 31, 1938 (Wednesday)

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References

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  1. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (July 9, 1938). "Hitler Decrees Himself Cupid; Love Gets Blow". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  2. ^ Snyder, John (2010). 365 Oddball Days in Dodgers History. Clerisy Press. ISBN 978-1-57860-452-4.
  3. ^ a b c d "Chronology 1938". indiana.edu. 2002. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  4. ^ "Italians Start Drive on Jews; Purge Schools". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 4, 1938. p. 3.
  5. ^ a b c Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 500. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
  6. ^ Barnes, Stuart (2007). News of the World Football Annual 2007/2008. Invincible Press. ISBN 978-0-00-725555-9.
  7. ^ "The History of Noble Stores, LLC". noblestores.com. Archived from the original on 2015-07-09. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  8. ^ "Brooklyn Hails Corrigan". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 5, 1938. p. 1.
  9. ^ Bar-On, Mordechai (2004). Never-Ending Conflict: Israeli Military History. p. 34.
  10. ^ Gelber, Yoav. "The Arab Revolt, 1936–1939: A Turning Point in the Struggle over Palestine." Never-Ending Conflict: Israeli Military History. Ed. Mordechai Bar-On. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2006. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8117-3345-8.
  11. ^ "Tageseinträge für 8. August 1938". chroniknet. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  12. ^ "Franco's Troops Driven Back by Loyalist Attack". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 10, 1938. p. 7.
  13. ^ MacDonogh, Giles (2009). 1938: Hitler's Gamble. Basic Books. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-465-02205-2.
  14. ^ "Reds, Japs Agree to Armistice in Far East Battle". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 11, 1938. p. 4.
  15. ^ Christine, Bill (August 12, 1988). "Jockeying for Position: Match Race at Del Mar in 1938 Between Ligaroti and Seabiscuit Turned Out to Be a Shoving Match". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  16. ^ "August 13, 1938". PlaneCrashInfo. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  17. ^ "Queen Mary Sets Two-Way Record Across Atlantic". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 15, 1938. p. 20.
  18. ^ "Britain Retires 13 Generals to Pep Up Its Army". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 17, 1938. p. 2.
  19. ^ "Antisemitic Legislation 1933–1939". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  20. ^ Fischer, Klaus P. (2011). Hitler and America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-8122-0441-4.
  21. ^ Hayes, Peter (2015). How Was It Possible?: A Holocaust Reader. University of Nebraska Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-8032-7491-4.
  22. ^ "Travels of President Franklin D. Roosevelt". Office of the Historian. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  23. ^ Brewer, Sam (August 21, 1938). "Franco Rejects British Plea to Ban Alien Troops". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 13.
  24. ^ Kowal, Barry (December 7, 2014). "Your Hit Parade (USA) Weekly Single Charts From 1938". Hits of All Decades. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  25. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (August 23, 1938). "Hitler Parades His Navy to Awe Hungarian Chief". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 4.
  26. ^ a b Churchill, Winston (2013). Into Battle. New York: Rosetta Books. ISBN 978-0-7953-2946-3.
  27. ^ "Quiz U.S. Jews on Tour of Italy as Fascists Open Racial Census". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 24, 1938. p. 7.
  28. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (August 25, 1938). "Hungary Safe from Invasion, Hitler Pledges". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  29. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (August 26, 1938). "Hitler Exhibits Mystery Guns as Crowds Gape". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  30. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (August 27, 1938). "Hitler Strikes at Czechs". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  31. ^ "Terror Grips Jaffa as Bomb Kills 20 Arabs". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 27, 1938. p. 7.
  32. ^ "1938 MLB No-Hitters". ESPN. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  33. ^ Small, Alex (August 29, 1938). "Mediator Meets Henlein in New Move for Peace". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  34. ^ "Flies From N. Y. to California in 10 Hour Record". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 30, 1938. p. 7.
  35. ^ Darrah, David (August 31, 1938). "Put Pressure on Nazis to Avoid War on Czechs". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  36. ^ McDonough, Frank (1998). Neville Chamberlain, Appeasement, and the British Road to War. Manchester University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-7190-4832-6.
  37. ^ Black, Conrad (2003). Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Champion of Freedom. PublicAffairs. p. 463. ISBN 978-1-61039-213-6.
  38. ^ "August 31, 1938". Franklin D. Roosevelt Day by Day. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  39. ^ "Corrigan Sees Roosevelt and Gets Some Advice". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 1, 1938. p. 6.