A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, August 30, 1905,[1][2][3] with a magnitude of 1.0477. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Totality was visible from Canada, Newfoundland Colony (now belonging to Canada), Spain, French Algeria (now Algeria), French Tunisia (now Tunisia), Ottoman Tripolitania (now Libya) include the capital Tripoli, Egypt, Ottoman Empire (the parts now belonging to Saudi Arabia) including Mecca, Emirate of Jabal Shammar (now belonging to Saudi Arabia), Aden Protectorate (now belonging to Yemen), and Muscat and Oman (now Oman).
Solar eclipse of August 30, 1905 | |
---|---|
Type of eclipse | |
Nature | Total |
Gamma | 0.5708 |
Magnitude | 1.0477 |
Maximum eclipse | |
Duration | 226 s (3 min 46 s) |
Coordinates | 42°30′N 4°18′W / 42.5°N 4.3°W |
Max. width of band | 192 km (119 mi) |
Times (UTC) | |
Greatest eclipse | 13:07:26 |
References | |
Saros | 143 (17 of 72) |
Catalog # (SE5000) | 9293 |
This eclipse was observed from Alcalà de Xivert in Spain.[4] It was also observed by members of the British Astronomical Association from various locations.[5][6]
Observations
editTeams of the United States Naval Observatory observed the eclipse from three different locations. Two were near the centerline of the path of totality: Daroca, Spain at an altitude of 2,500 feet (760 m) and Guelma, French Algeria at an altitude of 1,500 feet (460 m). The third was near the southern edge of the path of totality, at Porta Coeli Charterhouse, Valencia, Spain at an altitude of 1,000 feet (300 m). The leader and some team members departed from New York City by ship on July 3 and arrived at Grado, Asturias, a Spanish port on the northern coast on July 20, while other team members had already arrived there in advance. In the end, the weather was clear in all three locations, and the observations were successful. The team took images of the corona and observed the spectrum.[7]
Related eclipses
editEclipses in 1905
edit- A partial lunar eclipse on February 19, 1905.
- An annular solar eclipse on March 6, 1905.
- A partial lunar eclipse on August 15, 1905.
- A total solar eclipse on August 30, 1905.
Metonic
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 11, 1901
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 17, 1909
Tzolkinex
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 18, 1898
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 10, 1912
Half-Saros
edit- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of August 23, 1896
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 4, 1914
Tritos
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 29, 1894
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 30, 1916
Solar Saros 143
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 19, 1887
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 10, 1923
Inex
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 17, 1876
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 10, 1934
Triad
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 29, 1818
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 30, 1992
Solar eclipses of 1902–1907
editThis eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[8]
Solar eclipse series sets from 1902 to 1907 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Descending node | Ascending node | |||
108 | April 8, 1902 Partial |
113 | October 1, 1902 | |
118 | March 29, 1903 Annular |
123 | September 21, 1903 Total | |
128 | March 17, 1904 Annular |
133 | September 9, 1904 Total | |
138 | March 6, 1905 Annular |
143 | August 30, 1905 Total | |
148 | February 23, 1906 Partial |
153 | August 20, 1906 Partial |
Saros 143
editIt is a part of Saros cycle 143, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, containing 72 events. The series started with partial solar eclipse on March 7, 1617 and total event from June 24, 1797 through October 24, 1995. It has hybrid eclipses from November 3, 2013 through December 6, 2067, and annular eclipses from December 16, 2085 through September 16, 2536. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on April 23, 2873. The longest duration of totality was 3 minutes, 50 seconds on August 19, 1887. All eclipses in this series occurs at the Moon’s ascending node.
Series members 17–28 occur between 1741 and 2100 | ||
---|---|---|
8 | 9 | 10 |
May 23, 1743 |
June 3, 1761 |
June 14, 1779 |
11 | 12 | 13 |
June 24, 1797 |
July 6, 1815 |
July 17, 1833 |
14 | 15 | 16 |
July 28, 1851 |
August 7, 1869 |
August 19, 1887 |
17 | 18 | 19 |
August 30, 1905 |
September 10, 1923 |
September 21, 1941 |
20 | 21 | 22 |
October 2, 1959 |
October 12, 1977 |
October 24, 1995 |
23 | 24 | 25 |
November 3, 2013 |
November 14, 2031 |
November 25, 2049 |
26 | 27 | 28 |
December 6, 2067 |
December 16, 2085 |
Inex series
editThis eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings. In the 19th century:
- Solar saros 140: total solar eclipse of October 29, 1818
- Solar saros 141: annular solar eclipse of October 9, 1847
- Solar saros 142: total solar eclipse of September 17, 1876
Inex series members between 1901 and 2100: | ||
---|---|---|
August 30, 1905 (Saros 143) |
August 10, 1934 (Saros 144) |
July 20, 1963 (Saros 145) |
June 30, 1992 (Saros 146) |
June 10, 2021 (Saros 147) |
May 20, 2050 (Saros 148) |
May 1, 2079 (Saros 139) |
In the 22nd century:
- Solar saros 150: partial solar eclipse of April 11, 2108
- Solar saros 151: annular solar eclipse of March 21, 2137
- Solar saros 152: total solar eclipse of March 2, 2166
- Solar saros 153: annular solar eclipse of February 10, 2195
Notes
edit- ^ "The Coming Total Solar Eclipse Of Sun". The Brantford Weekly Expositor. Brantford, Ontario, Canada. August 31, 1905. p. 12. Retrieved October 27, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "OBSERVERS' SUCCESS. DETAILS OF THE ECLIPSE FROM SOUTHERN STATIONS". Evening Standard. London, Greater London, England. August 31, 1905. p. 12. Retrieved October 27, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "OLD SOL'S TOTAL ECLIPSE". The Sabetha Republican-Herald. Sabetha, Kansas. August 31, 1905. p. 6. Retrieved October 27, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Fabricio Cardenas, Vieux papiers des Pyrénées-Orientales, Eclipse solaire de 1905 à Perpignan, 20 March 2015
- ^ British Astronomical Association; Levander, Frederick William (1906). The total solar eclipse 1905 : Reports of observations made by members of the British Astronomical Association of the total solar eclipse of 1905, August 30. University of California Libraries. London : British Astronomical Association.
- ^ "Page 8". The Guardian. London, Greater London, England. August 31, 1905. p. 8. Retrieved October 27, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Colby M. Chester. "General report of the eclipse expedition in 1905". Publications of the U.S. Naval Observatory Second Series. 10: B.11–B.13. Archived from the original on March 27, 2017.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
References
edit- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
- The total solar eclipse 1905: Reports of observations made by members of the ... By British Astronomical Association, Frederick William Levander
- Report of the solar eclipse expedition to Palma, Majorca, August 30, 1905 ... By Solar Physics Committee, Norman Lockyer
- Sketchs of Solar Corona August 30, 1905
- Sketchs from Russia expedition for solar Corona August 30, 1905 (2) Archived August 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine