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Ivory carved tusk depicting Buddha life stories

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20th century carved ivory tusk at Decorative Arts Gallery, National Museum, New Delhi

Carved elephant tusk depicting Buddha life stories is an intricately carved complete single tusk now exhibited at the Decorative Arts gallery,[1] National Museum, New Delhi, India. This tusk was donated to the Museum. This tusk, which is nearly five foot long, illustrates forty three events in the life of the Buddha and is thought to have been made by early 20th century craftsmen from the Delhi region.[2]

Description

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The use of the complete ivory tusks for carving was popular in 18th and 19th century India, particularly in the Delhi region apart from Burma. Similar whole tusk carvings are also found in the Ivory Coast, Congo[3] and Benin but made from the tusks of African elephants.

The art of ivory carving in India is very ancient with references found in Kalidasa's Meghadūta. The earliest ivory carving from the Indian region is comb dating to the 2nd century CE found at Taxila. Ivory carving flourished in Assam and Mysore where elephants were available and the art of ivory carving had royal patronage. Ivory was an object of trade between kingdoms and they found their way into areas where the art of carving had patronage.[4]

This ivory tusk illustrates important life events of Buddha in 43 circular roundel, first 25 referring to the story of Buddha's birth to his enlightenment followed by 18 depicting his life events from enlightenment to Mahaparinirvana. Similar scenes have been presented in sculptures and paintings many a times but this ivory tusk shows few new scenes of Buddha's life such as Siddharatha's fight for a bird, his move against animal sacrifice and realization of death. As the thickness of the tusk reduces upwards, one can see at the tip three well-known postures depicting Bhumisparsha mudra, Abhayamudra and Dharmachakrapravatan mudra besides the roundels. There is also an intricately carved floral creeper banding around the roundels enhancing its beauty.

Scenes

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The story runs from bottom to top and is arranged clockwise.[5]

Pre Enlightenment Life Events of Buddha

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Post Enlightenment Life Events of Buddha

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Buddha and Mudras

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Decorative Arts Gallery at National Museum reopened". The Hindu. New Delhi. 6 July 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  2. ^ "British Museum - Ivory tusks carved with figures and cartoons". Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  3. ^ Edwards, Owen (2008). "Spirals of History". Smithsonian Magazine.
  4. ^ Bhattacharyya, Asoke Kumar; Sengupta, Pradip Kumar (1991). Foundations of Indian Musicology: Perspectives in the Philosophy of Art and Culture. Abhinav Publications. p. 124. ISBN 9788170172734.
  5. ^ Pathak, Anamika (1997–98). "Carved Elephant Tusk Illustrating Buddha's Life". Kala- the Journal of Indian Art History Congress. IV. Guwahati: Indian Art History Congress.
  6. ^ Parimoo, R. (1982). Life of Buddha in Indian Sculpture. New Delhi. p. 11.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ Beal, Samuel (1875). The Romantic Legend of Sâkya Buddha: From the Chinese-Sanscrit. New Delhi: Trübner & Company. p. 63. Retrieved 5 January 2014. Romantic legends of sakya buddha.
  8. ^ India by Stanley Wolpert (Page 32)