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Interest in the arts

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Hemingway’s mother had taken him to the Chicago Arts Institute when he was a child, and he had also written a feature article for the Toronto Star weekly about a ladies’ art-lending library.[1] Before arriving in Paris, Hemingway had advocated a total sensual submersion before the creative process could even begin; he had told a group of friends in Chicago: "You’ve got to see it, feel it, smell it, hear it."[2] He discovered that one means of expanding the sensual quality of his prose was to examine fine arts, paintings especially. From the time of his arrival in Paris, he manifested a profound interest in the arts,[1] because of the influence of Gertrude Stein, who enjoined him to learn more about the visual arts.[3]

Paris abounded with painters and artworks in many galleries, including contemporaries: Matisse, Derain, Rouault, Chirico, Modigliani, Picasso, Utrillo, Picabia and Miró were famous in the Quartier Latin.[4] Paul Cézanne also extended great influence upon the Cubists as well as upon Hemingway.[5]

Hemingway thought of himself as both a poet and a writer of prose and began to be influenced by the imagist poets, for whom all of a man’s senses must be incorporated into the experience of the image:[1] they were attempting to paint a picture with words, and words must be the same as a painter’s colours.[6] Thus, Hemingway’s early poems represent a curious reflection of the two dominant poetic styles of the 1920s: imagism and Dada, although he personally disliked Tristan Tzara and was opposed to the sweeping destructiveness of Dada.[7] Standing outside the Dada and surrealist movements were many artists in all fields, such as Picasso and Hemingway himself, upon whom this Paris of the 1920s had a profound influence.[1]

Hemingway visited art galleries and museums throughout his life and his favourites were the Louvre and the Luxembourg in Paris and the Prado in Madrid. Other museums of interest to him were those of Milan and, in Venice: the Accademia, the Scuola di San Rocco and the Ducal Palace. In America, he visited the Chicago Arts Institute and the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art.[8] He was attracted mainly to paintings and seems to have had little interest in sculpture, about which he wrote, in Farewell to Arms:

There were many marble busts on painted wooden pillars along the walls of the room. ... The hall too ... was lined with them. They had the complete marble quality of all looking alike. Sculpture had always seemed a dull business—still, bronzes looked like something. But marble busts all looked like a cemetery.

—Hemingway, Farewell to Arms (p.29).

However, he showed respect to Romanian sculptor Constantin Brancusi.[8] In 1977, after the death of Picasso, Hadley Hemingway found a sculpture of a cat, which had been given to Hemingway by Picasso because he knew he loved cats.[9]

He also devoted part of a chapter in A Moveable Feast to a chance meeting with Bulgarian-born Jules Pascin.[10]

Artworks owned

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In addition to a portrait of himself painted by Waldo Peirce in 1920, entitled Kid Balzac,[11] Hemingway owned works by Juan Gris, Paul Klee, Joan Miró, André Masson, Roberto Domingo,[10] Georges Braque,[12] and Antonio Gattorno.[13] Although he admired the art of Picasso, with whom he socialised in Paris, first in the 1920s and again after WWII, Hemingway never bought any of his paintings.[14] However, Picasso obliged Hemingway by illustrating some of his work, such as twenty-eight black-and-white drawings for the 1959 German translation of Hemingway’s story "The Undefeated", about an old wounded matador attempting a comeback. Picasso also illustrated the 1966 Italian serialization of Hemingway’s Death in the Afternoon in the Italian magazine Tempo.[14]

[Add prose about the advent of Kid Balzac.]

In his early days in Paris, Hemingway bought Georges Braque's Still Life with Wine Jug, which was later stolen from Finca Vigía.[12] Masson's A Throw of the Dice (1922) was purchased by Hemingway directly from the artist’s studio.[15] He also acquired three versions of Masson's Landscape, Trees,[16][17] and a gouache on canvas titled Composition.[18]

In 1925, Hemingway borrowed money to buy The Farm (1921–1922), by Miró, with whom he formed a lifelong friendship.[19] Hemingway owned Monument Under Construction (1929), by Paul Klee[20][21][22]

In 1931,[23] Hemingway bought two works by Gris: The Guitar Player (1926)[24][25] and The Bull Fighter (1913).[26][27] He selected the latter for the frontispiece of the first edition of Death in the Afternoon (1932), but it was usually omitted from the book's subsequent editions.[28] Saltando la Barrera (1923)[29] ("Leaping the Barrier", sometimes also referred to as Toros[30]) is one of eighteen oil paintings created by Roberto Domingo between 1915 and 1942 that were reproduced in poster form, with added black type, to advertise bullfight festivals in Valencia.[31] The image was also used for the dust jacket of Death in the Afternoon[32][30] and the original painting still hangs in Finca Vigía (now the Hemingway Museum), in Havana.[33] Two other untitled paintings[34][35] by Domingo are also kept there.

Illustration

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[[File:TheFarmMiro21to22.jpg|alt=|thumb|300px|<center>''[[The Farm (Miró)|The farm]]'' (1921–1922), by [[Joan Miró]].</center>]]

List of artists mentioned in works by Hemingway

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  • No. – a counter of the number of entries listed in the table (this column is not sortable).
  • Artist – the name of the artist (this column is sortable)
  • Work – the title of the work featuring the named artist (this column is sortable)
  • Page(s) – the page number(s) where the artist is named (this column is not sortable)
  • Year – the year the work was published (this column is sortable)
  • Notes – a note and/or reference about the entry (this column is not sortable).
No. Artist Work Page(s) Year Notes
1 Abstract painter Islands in the Stream 317 1970 [36]
2 Hieronymus Bosch Across the River and into the Trees 274 1950 [36]
3 Islands in the Stream 21 1970 [36]
4 Constantin Brâncuși Death in the Afternoon 99 1932 [37]
5 Georges Braque Islands in the Stream 71 1970 [37]
6 A Moveable Feast 4 1964 [37]
7 Pieter Bruegel the Elder Across the River and into the Trees 14 1950 [37]
8 For Whom the Bell Tolls 235 1940 [37]
9 Islands in the Stream 21, 97 1970 [37]
10 Paul Cézanne By-Line: Ernest Hemingway 155 1967 [37]
11 Death in the Afternoon 99 1932 [37]
12 Islands in the Stream 382 1970 [37]
13 A Moveable Feast 13, 69 1964 [37]
14 The Torrents of Spring 40 1926 [37]
15 Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot By-Line: Ernest Hemingway 3 1967 [37]
16 Cubism By-Line: Ernest Hemingway 43 1967 [37]
17 Dada "The Snows of Kilimanjaro"
(in The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway)
164 1984 [37]
18 Edgar Degas Across the River and into the Trees 71 1950 [37]
19 Dutch painters Across the River and into the Trees 191–192 1950 [37]
20 Thomas Eakins Islands in the Stream 382 1970 [37]
21 El Greco By-Line: Ernest Hemingway 90 1967 [37]
22 Death in the Afternoon 203–205 1932 [37]
23 For Whom the Bell Tolls 235, 380 1940 [37]
24 Islands in the Stream 246–246 1970 [37]
25 Antonio Gattorno "Gattorno: Program Note" 111, 141 1936 [38][39]
26 Henri Gaudier-Brzeska A Moveable Feast 107 1964 [38]
27 Paul Gauguin Islands in the Stream 7, 318 1970 [38]
28 Giotto Across the River and into the Trees 13, 14, 54 1950 [38]
29 "The Revolutionist"
(in The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway)
255 1984 [38]
30 Francisco Goya Across the River and into the Trees 90 1950 [38]
31 Death in the Afternoon 40, 73, 135,
141, 203–205
1932 [38]
32 "A Natural History of the Dead"
(in The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway)
539, 544 1984 [38]
33 Juan Gris Islands in the Stream 237–238 1970 [38]
34 A Moveable Feast 119 1964 [38]
35 William Hogarth Islands in the Stream 246 1970 [38]
36 Early Italian primitives By-Line: Ernest Hemingway 37 1967 [38]
37 Paul Klee Islands in the Stream 238 1970 [40]
38 Leonardo da Vinci Death in the Afternoon 99 1932 [40]
39 Wyndham Lewis, as a painter A Moveable Feast 107–110 1964 [40]
40 Baldassare Longhena Across the River and into the Trees 13 1950 [40]
41 Édouard Manet Islands in the Stream 448 1970 [40]
42 A Moveable Feast 13 1964 [40]
43 Andrea Mantegna Across the River and into the Trees 14 1950 [40]
44 Death in the Afternoon 190 1932 [40]
45 A Farewell to Arms 289–290 1929 [40]
46 For Whom the Bell Tolls 235 1940 [40]
47 "The Revolutionist"
(in The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway)
255–256 1984 [40]
48 Masaccio "The Revolutionist"
(in The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway)
255 1984 [40]
49 André Masson Green Hills of Africa 96 1935 [40]
50 Islands in the Stream 71 1970 [40]
51 A Moveable Feast Preface 1964 [40]
52 Early Mexican featherwork Death in the Afternoon 159 1932 [40]
53 Michelangelo Across the River and into the Trees 14 1950 [40]
54 Islands in the Stream 168 1970 [40]
55 Jean-François Millet By-Line: Ernest Hemingway 3 1967 [40]
56 Joan Miró Death in the Afternoon 275–276 1932 [40]
57 Islands in the Stream 71 1970 [40]
58 A Moveable Feast Preface 1964 [40]
59 The Farm (in Cahiers d'Art) 28–29 1937 [40][41][42]
60 Claude Monet A Moveable Feast 13 1964 [40]
61 Jules Pascin Islands in the Stream 71–74, 108 1970 [40]
62 A Moveable Feast 101–104 1964 [40]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Stipes Watts (1971), 14
  2. ^ Stipes Watts (1971), 18
  3. ^ Stipes Watts (1971), 19–20
  4. ^ Stipes Watts (1971), 19-20
  5. ^ Stipes Watts (1971), 11–12
  6. ^ Stipes Watts (1971), 15
  7. ^ Stipes Watts (1971), 17
  8. ^ a b Stipes Watts (1971), 20
  9. ^ Picasso Discoveries. artexpertswebsite.com. Art Experts. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  10. ^ a b Stipes Watts (1971), 21
  11. ^ EH-C176T Ernest Hemingway in Front of his Portrait at his Home in Cuba. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
  12. ^ a b Wilhelm, Randall S. (2006)
  13. ^ Stipes Watts (1971), 23
  14. ^ a b Meyers (2006)
  15. ^ Ries (2009)
  16. ^ Stipes Watts (1971), 88–89
  17. ^ Reynolds (1999), 173
  18. ^ Stipes Watts (1971), 86
  19. ^ Stipes Watts (1971), 4-5
  20. ^ Stipes Watts (1971), 91
  21. ^ "Klee Print on Display" (PDF). jfklibrary.org. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  22. ^ Minthorn (2006)
  23. ^ Hemingway, Colette (2000)
  24. ^ Stipes Watts (1971), 99
  25. ^ "EH1266N Juan Gris's "The Guitar Player" in Ernest Hemingway's Cuba home, Finca Vigia". jfklibrary.org. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  26. ^ Stipes Watts (1971), 93
  27. ^ "The Bull Fighter". the-athenaeum.org. The Athenaeum. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  28. ^ Mandel (2004), 214
  29. ^ "Saltando la Barrera". Roberto Domingo. robertodomingo.com. 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  30. ^ a b Mandel (2004), 211
  31. ^ Mandel (2004), 211–212
  32. ^ "Death in the Afternoon". Roberto Domingo. robertodomingo.com. 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  33. ^ "Ernest Hemingway, Roberto Domingo". vintagememorabilia.com. Vintage Memorabilia. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  34. ^ "EH1290N Roberto Domingo painting in living room of Fincia Vigia". jfklibrary.org. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  35. ^ "NLJFK2007-D25-53 A Robert Domingo painting and some of Ernest Hemingway's books at the Finca Vigia". jfklibrary.org. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  36. ^ a b c Stipes Watts 1971, p. 228.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Stipes Watts 1971, p. 229.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Stipes Watts 1971, p. 230.
  39. ^ Esquire 1936.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Stipes Watts 1971, p. 231.
  41. ^ Hanneman (2015), p. 150.
  42. ^ Cahiers d'Art 1937.

Sources

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Books

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Newspapers and magazines

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  • Hemingway, Ernest (May 1, 1936). "Gattorno: Program Note". classic.esquire.com. Esquire. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
  • Hemingway, Ernest (1937). "The Farm". IX (No. 1–4). Cahiers d'Art. Retrieved July 8, 2020 – via tate.org.uk. {{cite journal}}: |issue= has extra text (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)