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Zapatoca

Coordinates: 6°49′N 73°16′W / 6.817°N 73.267°W / 6.817; -73.267
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Zapatoca
Municipality and town
Flag of Zapatoca
Official seal of Zapatoca
Nickname: 
Ciudad Levitica (Levitical City
Motto(s): 
Libertad y Orden (Liberty and Order)
Location of the municipality and town of Zapatoca in the Santander Department of Colombia
Location of the municipality and town of Zapatoca in the Santander Department of Colombia
Country Colombia
DepartmentSantander Department
Area
 • Total360 km2 (139 sq mi)
Elevation
1,720 m (5,500 ft)
Population
 • Total8,929
Time zoneUTC-5 (Colombia Standard Time)
Websitewww.zapatoca-santander.gov.co

Zapatoca (Spanish pronunciation: [sapaˈtoka]) is a town and municipality in the Santander Department in northeastern Colombia. It is at a high altitude and is a common stop between Bucaramanga and San Gil. It was built in the early 17th century by the Spanish conquistadores.

Climate

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Climate data for Zapatoca, elevation 1,810 m (5,940 ft), (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.5
(74.3)
23.9
(75.0)
23.8
(74.8)
23.6
(74.5)
23.5
(74.3)
23.4
(74.1)
23.4
(74.1)
23.7
(74.7)
23.5
(74.3)
22.8
(73.0)
22.6
(72.7)
22.8
(73.0)
23.4
(74.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 18.6
(65.5)
18.8
(65.8)
18.9
(66.0)
19.0
(66.2)
19.0
(66.2)
18.9
(66.0)
18.8
(65.8)
18.9
(66.0)
18.8
(65.8)
18.4
(65.1)
18.4
(65.1)
18.4
(65.1)
18.7
(65.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.9
(57.0)
14.1
(57.4)
14.4
(57.9)
14.7
(58.5)
14.8
(58.6)
14.5
(58.1)
14.1
(57.4)
14.1
(57.4)
14.1
(57.4)
14.2
(57.6)
14.3
(57.7)
14.0
(57.2)
14.3
(57.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 30.9
(1.22)
38.6
(1.52)
74.5
(2.93)
129.0
(5.08)
162.0
(6.38)
109.0
(4.29)
100.0
(3.94)
119.4
(4.70)
157.1
(6.19)
175.3
(6.90)
111.4
(4.39)
48.9
(1.93)
1,256.1
(49.45)
Average precipitation days 7 8 11 16 19 16 16 18 19 20 16 9 169
Average relative humidity (%) 86 85 86 87 88 87 86 87 87 89 89 88 87
Mean monthly sunshine hours 201.5 169.4 167.4 135.0 142.6 117.0 173.6 182.9 162.0 145.7 144.0 176.7 1,917.8
Mean daily sunshine hours 6.5 6.0 5.4 4.5 4.6 3.9 5.6 5.9 5.4 4.7 4.8 5.7 5.3
Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales[1]

Paleontology

[edit]
Strophodus and other animals from Rosablanca Formation

Fossils of Early Cretaceous animals from the Valanginian-Hauterivian Rosablanca Formation were collected near Zapatoca.[2] Fossil material include fishes, particularly pycnodonts and hybodontiform Strophodus, ichthyosaurs, elasmosaurids.[2] Remains of turtles,[2] including Notoemys zapatocaensis,[3] possible ornithocheirid pterosaurs[4] and ammonite Saynoceras verrucosum[3][4] also known from this location. There is also a report about metriorhynchoid crocodylomorph from these deposits.[2] During the Valanginian and Hauterivian ages, here was a shallow sea where hybodontiforms and pycnodontiforms played an important trophic role as shell-crushing predators.[2]

Notable people

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010" (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge D.; Cadena, Edwin-Alberto (2022-06-02). "A new hybodontiform shark (Strophodus Agassiz 1838) from the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian) of Colombia". PeerJ. 10: e13496. doi:10.7717/peerj.13496. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 9167585. PMID 35673391.
  3. ^ a b Edwin Cadena (2020). "Valanginian occurrence of Pelomedusoides turtles in northern South America: revision of this hypothesis based on a new fossil remain". PeerJ. 8 (e9810): 1-12. doi:10.7717/peerj.9810. PMC 7450993. PMID 32904119.
  4. ^ a b Edwin Cadena, David M. Unwin, David M. Martill (2020). "Lower Cretaceous pterosaurs from Colombia". Cretaceous Research. 114 (3). Bibcode:2020CrRes.11404526C. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104526. S2CID 224886977.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

6°49′N 73°16′W / 6.817°N 73.267°W / 6.817; -73.267