PERIODICAL LITERATURE 301 "American Quarterly Register" (Andover, 1829-'43), by Edwards. The " New England Historical and Genealogical Register" (Boston, 1852), by Drake, and since by John Ward Dean and others, the "Historical Magazine" (New York, 185V), by Folsom, and the "New York Genealogical Record" (1869), are also filled with American historical and biographical matter. The review literature of the United States begins with the " American Review of History and Politics" (Philadelphia, 1811-'13), by Walsh ; but the ablest and most permanent publication of this sort has been the " North American Review" (Boston, 1815), which has been successively edited by Tudor, E. T. Chan- ning and R. H. Dana, Edward Everett, Sparks, A. H. Everett, Palfrey, Bowen, Peabody, Low- ell, Charles Eliot Norton, and Henry Adams, and has constantly maintained a high character both for style and critical ability. The " Amer- ican Quarterly Review " (Philadelphia, 1827 -'37); the "Southern Review" (Charleston, 1828-'32), by Elliott and Legare ; the "Western Review" (Cincinnati, 1828-'30), by Flint; the "New York Review" (1837-'42), established by Hawks, and subsequently edited by J. G. Cogswell and 0. S. Henry; and the "South- ern Quarterly Review " (Charleston, 1842-'52), were well conducted, but were short-lived. The "Democratic Review" (New York, 1838- '52), afterward the " United States Review " (1853-'5), and subsequently revived by Flor- ence and Lawrence as the " National Demo- cratic Quarterly Review ;" the " American Whig Review" (New York, 1845-'52), by Colton and Whelpley ; the " Massachusetts Quarterly Review" (Boston, 1847-'50), by T. Parker; and the " New York Quarterly Review " (1852- '3), were also of short duration. The " New Englander " began at New Haven in 1843, and the "National Quarterly Review" at New York in 1860. The "International Review" was begun at New York in 1874, and is pub- lished six times a year. Minor critical jour- nals have been the " Literary Review " (New York, 1822-'4), followed by Bryant's " New York Review and Athena3um Magazine " (1825), and its successor, the " United States Review and Literary Gazette" (1826-'7); and several periodicals in imitation of the London literary weeklies have been attempted, such as the "New York Literary Gazette" (1834-'5 and 1839), the " Literary World" (New York, 1847- '53), edited by Hoffman and the Duyckincks, " Norton's Literary Gazette " (New York, 1854-'5), the "Criterion" (New York, 1855-'6), the "Round Table" (1865-'8), and the "Citi- zen" (1864-'73). " The Literary World," found- ed in Boston, 1870, by S. R. Crocker, and " Appleton's Journal " (New York, 1869) are successful literary weeklies ; the former a crit- ical periodical, the latter general. "The Na- tion " (New York, 1865), edited by E. L. God- kin, though more properly a weekly newspa- per and political review, holds a high place in | literary criticism, and has proved successful. j The periodical religious literature of the coun- try dates from the closing years of the last century. Omitting the notice of weekly jour- nals, only those periodicals can here be men- tioned which are of recognized importance in connection with the national theological liter- ature. Of these, the following is nearly a i complete list: the "Theological Magazine," bimonthly (New York, 1796-'8); "the New York Missionary Magazine," bimonthly (1800- '3) ; the " Connecticut Evangelical Magazine," monthly (New Haven, 1800-'14); "Monthly Anthology" (Boston, 1803-'!!), followed in the exposition of Unitarian sentiment by the " General Repository " (1812-'13), the " Chris- tian Disciple " (1813-'19), the " Christian Dis- ciple and Theological Review," new series (1819-'23), and the " Christian Examiner," bi- monthly (1823-'70), edited at various times by Palfrey, Jenks, Walker, Greenwood, Ware, Ellis, Putnam, Hedge % and Hale; the "Pano- plist," Boston, commencing in 1805 (edited by Jeremiah Evarts), absorbing in 1809 the "Mis- sionary Magazine," and about ten years later taking the name of the "Missionary Herald," which is still issued as the organ of the Ameri- can board of missions, but succeeded as a the- ological publication by the " Spirit of the Pil- grims" (1828-'33), conducted by E. Pond; the " Christian Magazine " (1807-'ll), edited by Dr. John M. Mason ; the " Christian Herald " (New York, 1816), transformed in its eighth volume, four years later, into the "Sailors' Magazine," still published; the "Christian Spectator" (New Haven), Congregationalist, issued month- ly from 1819 to 1828, and quarterly from 1829 to 1838, and succeeded after an interval of five years by the "New Englander" (1843); the " Christian Advocate," monthly (Philadelphia, 1822-'34), Presbyterian; the "Princeton Re- view," commenced as the "Biblical Reper- tory" by Hodge in 1825, in 1871 united with the " Presbyterian Quarterly Review," when the titles of the two were combined; the " American Biblical Repository " (New York), issued quarterly from 1831 to 1850, when it was united with the " Bibliotheca Sacra " (Andover, 1844), with which the "Christian Review" (Baptist), commenced at Boston in 1836, and afterward published at New York, has been united, and which also in 1871 absorbed the "Theological Eclectic," established at Cincin- nati in 1865; the "American Quarterly Ob- server" of Edwards (Boston, 1833-'4), united with the "Biblical Repository;" the "Ameri- can Quarterly Register" (Andover, 1829-'43); the " Literary and Theological Review " (New York, 1834-'9); the " Universalist Quarterly" (Boston, 1843); the " Universailst Quarterly Review," by G. H. Emerson (1844) ; the " Methodist Quarterly Review " (1841), com- menced as the "Methodist Magazine," 1818; Brownson's "Quarterly Review" (Boston and New York, 1844-' 64, revived in 1873), begun as the " Boston Quarterly Review," 1838 ; " Amer- ican Quarterly Church Review," Episcopal,
