planet: Related Content
Photos and Videos
Related Topics and References
Topics
MarsSaturnJupiterVenusUranusMercuryNeptuneextrasolar planetspace debrismoonstarchemical elementsubatomic particleatomgalaxysolar systemstar clustercosmic microwave backgroundquasarsmall body
Dig Deeper: More Articles That Discuss This Topic
Key People
![Isaac Newton](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/56/59856-050-AAA3AA05/Godfrey-Kneller-Isaaac-Newton-oil-painting-National-1702.jpg?h=400&w=300&c=crop)
Isaac Newton
English physicist and mathematician
![Johannes Kepler](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/04/1904-004-D1A961F7/Johannes-Kepler-oil-painting-artist-Strasbourg-cathedral.jpg?h=400&w=300&c=crop)
Johannes Kepler
German astronomer
![Galileo](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/29/18829-050-3F57E4F8/Galileo-Justus-Sustermans-Uffizi-Gallery-Florence-1637.jpg?h=400&w=300&c=crop)
Galileo
Italian philosopher, astronomer and mathematician
![](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-121/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.121.12)
Didier Queloz
Swiss astronomer
![](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-121/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.121.12)
Michel Mayor
Swiss astronomer
![](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-121/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.121.12)
Eudoxus of Cnidus
Greek mathematician and astronomer
![](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-121/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.121.12)
Apollonius of Perga
Greek mathematician
![](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-121/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.121.12)
Geoffrey Marcy
American astronomer
![illustration of Robert Hooke's law of elasticity of materials](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/36/102336-050-131AC56C/Illustration-law-Robert-Hooke-elasticity-materials-proportion.jpg?h=400&w=300&c=crop)
Robert Hooke
British scientist
![](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-121/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.121.12)
Gerard Peter Kuiper
American astronomer
![Boscovich, detail of a portrait by an unknown artist; in Dubrovnik Cloister, Croatia](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/86/6786-004-6C73C06B/detail-Boscovich-portrait-artist-Dubrovnik-Cloister-Croatia.jpg?h=400&w=300&c=crop)
Ruggero Giuseppe Boscovich
Italian astronomer and mathematician
![Peter Andreas Hansen, detail from a lithograph by Rudolf Hoffmann, 1856](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/35/11235-004-3722D0F1/detail-lithograph-Peter-Andreas-Hansen-Rudolf-Hoffmann-1856.jpg?h=400&w=300&c=crop)
Peter Andreas Hansen
German astronomer
![](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-121/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.121.12)
George William Hill
American astronomer
![](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-121/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.121.12)
William Rutter Dawes
British astronomer
![Jérôme Lalande, etching by Christian Fritzsch, 1773.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/cdn.britannica.com/83/147683-050-9C12A265/Jerome-Lalande-etching-Christian-Fritzsch-1773.jpg?h=400&w=300&c=crop)
Jérôme Lalande
French astronomer
Related Quizzes and Features
Quiz
Demystified